822 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
July 5, 
Live Stock and Dairy 
THE CHESTER WHITE HOG. 
At one time the Chester White was 
rated as the largest breed in the United 
States, but the tendency of modern 
breeding has been towards the production 
of a finer-boned, smoother and smaller 
hog than the older type, and at present 
the Chester White is similar to the 
Poland China in size, though it is com¬ 
monly claimed that it is a larger breed. 
The face is straight and the snout is 
usually a little longer than that of the 
Poland China. It has a drooped ear 
similar to that of the Poland China, but 
the droop or break is usually further 
from the tip as a rule, the ear is some¬ 
what heavier and it is quite common 
for it to be somewhat loosely attached. 
In general conformation the Chester 
White is similar to the Poland China, 
though the latter generally excels in 
depth and fullness of ham and many 
Chester Whites are rather longer in the 
body than the Poland China. The color 
GOOD SPECIMEN OF CHESTER 
WHITE. Fig. 291. 
is white, no black hair being admissible, 
though it is common for black or bluish 
spots to occur on the skin. These spots 
do not indicate impurity of blood, but 
breeders aim to avoid them as much as 
possible, and if llie spots are large or 
numerous they constitute a serious ob¬ 
jection. In many specimens the hair 
has a tendency to be wavy and in some 
cases it is almost curly. 
Most authorities recognize three 
sources of origin for Chester White 
swine, the history of which may be sum¬ 
marized as follows: The original Ches¬ 
ter White had its origin in Chester 
County, Pennsylvania, hence the name. 
Large white pigs were common in Ches¬ 
ter County many years ago; they were 
taken there by the earlier settlers, but 
it is not clearly known where the original 
pigs came from. About the year ISIS 
Captain James Jeffries imported from 
England a pair of white pigs which 
No. 214. 37 EGGS. Fig. 292 
are referred to by some as Bedfordshire 
pigs and by others as Cumberland pigs. 
Captain Jeffries used the boar on the 
white sows of the district. Eventually 
the different strains of blood were com¬ 
bined and from this combination came 
the original Chester White or Todd’s 
Improved Chester White breed. The Im¬ 
proved Chester White or Todd’s Im¬ 
proved Chester White, can hardly be re¬ 
garded as a distinct strain of the breed 
at present; at one time it had a herd 
record of its own, but in 1894 the arti¬ 
cles of incorporation were changed to 
read American Chester White Record As¬ 
sociation. 
Briefly the history of the so-called 
Improved Chester White is as follows: 
About 1S27 Norfolk Thin-rind pigs were 
imported from England to Connecticut. 
Two brothers named Todd bought a boar 
of this breed and a sow of what was 
called the grass breed and took them 
to Ohio, where they were bred together 
with considerable success. Later one 
Joseph Haskins brought to Ohio a boar 
of the Byfield breed and a sow similar 
to the original Todd sow. The Todd 
and the Haskins pigs were bred together 
and Isaac Todd also used other boars 
in his herd, among which was one said 
to be of the grass breed and another 
one called a Normandy boar, though 
little is known of the breeding of either 
of them. Both these boars were white 
No. 260. 50 EGGS. Fig. 293. 
in color. In 1S65 Isaac Todd intro¬ 
duced Chester White blood and his son, 
S. TI. Todd, made further use of the 
Chester White blood, evolving by careful 
breeding and selection what came to be 
known as Todd Improved Chester White. 
The Chester White is widely distributed 
in the United States, is popular in the 
East and is strongly represented in Ohio, 
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Wis¬ 
consin, Pennsylvania and other States. 
It has spread to the South to some ex¬ 
tent and seems to be giving satisfaction. 
Pennsylvania. w. c. boiitels. 
R. N.-Y.—The boar shown in the pic¬ 
ture is My Choice 21,435—a good speci¬ 
men of the breed. 
GOOD AND POOR LAYING LEGHORNS. 
Any poultrymau who has studied the 
reports from the laying contests at Storrs 
the past two seasons, and the one also 
under way in Missouri, must have con¬ 
cluded that Thomas Barron and some of 
No. 3S2 (Barron) 143 EGGS. Fig. 294. 
his fellow fanciers of England, have mas¬ 
tered the elusive art of breeding for egg 
production. They have certainly “shown” 
the world that they are entitled to use 
that overworked phrase “laying strain.” 
Now the question is how they have 
done it. 
The trap-nest specialists at the experi¬ 
ment stations have generally insisted that 
the “egg type” is yet unknown, and that 
the appearance of a hen is no guide by 
which to judge her fecundity. However 
that may be, with the American breeds 
of mongrel ancestry, a brief study of the 
Leghorn pens at Storrs was sufficient to 
make me think otherwise. Mr. Barron’s 
Leghorns and the English birds generally 
are of a distinct type. The principal 
contrast lies in their heads. Their eyes 
are large and very prominent, their 
combs and wattles likewise, and their 
beaks short and stout. 
In the American pens there are some 
birds with similar eyes, others with 
ords for me, and picked out the four 
Leghorns with the largest egg records, 
and also the four at the other end of the 
line. I photographed them all, but un¬ 
fortunately only half of the pictures 
came out well. The egg records are from 
the beginning of the contest up to May 21. 
Prof. Pearl, of the Maine Experiment 
Station, has shown conclusively that high 
fecundity in poultry is transmitted only 
through the male. That being the case, 
it is to be hoped that ultimately we may 
have laying contests where the sire of the 
egg producers shall also be in evidence. 
Certainly any Leghorn breeder could af¬ 
ford to travel a long distance in return 
for an opportunity to study the “type” 
of the sire, whose progeny are now bring¬ 
ing such fame to Mr. Barron. In fact, 
the more I think of it the more firmly I 
believe that a short Winter laying con¬ 
test, winding up in February with a 
show, at which the sires of the perform¬ 
ers should be on exhibition, with placards 
to explain everything, would do more for 
the poultry industry than all the bulle¬ 
tins that ever have been or ever will be 
printed. Christopher m. gallup. 
Hartford Co., Conn. 
R. N.-Y.—The four pictures show 
the point Mr. Gallup makes. Notice the 
large combs, wattles and eyes of the two 
Barron birds, and the different appear¬ 
ance of the other two small producers. 
Shipping Eggs by Parcel Post. 
As you desire your subscribers to give 
their experience with parcel post) I send 
mine. The last of April I ordered 15 
White Leghorn eggs of the Thomas Bar¬ 
ron strain from Lancaster, Pa. They 
came very promptly. They were packed 
in a Rippley Perfect egg box made of 
pasteboard. The box was placed in a 
splint basket, inches inside 
measure, with handle attached. This 
basket was lined first with newspaper 
and then excelsior. The egg box was 
put in the basket and more packing 
placed on top of it. On this a board was 
placed that came up level with the top of 
the basket. A covering was neatly sewed 
over all, they were insured and then 
turned over to Uncle Sam, who certainly 
handled them “with care” for. not an egg 
was cracked when I received them. After 
the eggs came I put them in a room that 
had a temperature of about GO degrees 
and let them rest for two days. I then 
put them under a hen, but she broke one. 
Two of the remainder were not fertile 
and the 12 eggs left hatched out 12 as 
sprightly chicks as I ever saw. I have 
had many eggs shipped to me by express, 
but never did I get so large a hatch as 
in this instance. No more eggs by ex¬ 
press for me, for I am satisfied that if 
breeders will ship eggs from stock of 
strong vitality, packed as carefully as 
mine were Uncle Sam will handle them 
so they will hatch. I neglected to state 
that each egg had some excelsior placed 
around it in its compartment in the egg 
box. J. II. JOHNSON. 
Oregon. 
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is tli oroughly aer¬ 
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grass, stable and 
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Milk Hows down on 
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Hows uj>. Kequiren no 
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Catalog “ J) 99 
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_ Cattle and Horses 
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No. 385 (Barron) 143 EGGS. Fig. 295. 
combs and wattles to match, and some 
with corresponding beaks, but none of 
them has the combination. The accom¬ 
panying photos, Figs. 292, 293, and 295, 
give a pretty fair idea of the contrasts. 
Mr. Pollard, the superintendent of the 
contest, very kindly went over his rec¬ 
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