1913. 
THE RURAI* NEW-YORKER 
823 
THE UNDERGROUND SILO. 
Last year we had several articles about 
underground or pit silos. In some parts 
of the country this form of a silo seems 
to give general satisfaction. We should 
judge that they are most satisfactory 
when located in light open ground, where 
the drainage is very good, or in naturally 
dry countries where the soil is not in¬ 
clined to he moist. Where such silos are 
dug into heavy and naturally wet 
ground, they do not appear to be satis¬ 
factory. Bulletin 138 from the Nebraska 
Experiment Station at Lincoln describes 
a number of forms of the silo which are 
adapted to the conditions prevailing in 
that State. Among other forms the silo 
wholly or partly underground is de¬ 
scribed. The advantage of such a silo is 
that it can be filled cheaply with limited 
power, since it is not necessary to elevate 
the silage. There is less danger from hav¬ 
ing the silage freeze when it is put under¬ 
ground. The greatest disadvantage is 
the inconvenience of taking the silage 
CONSTRUCTION OF TIT SILO. 
Fig. 296. 
out. There is always some danger in 
such a silo of poison from breathing car¬ 
bon dioxide gas. This gas is thrown out 
as the silage ferments during the first 
two weeks in the silo. The gas is heav¬ 
ier than air, and thus settles down to 
the bottom, as there would be no possi¬ 
bility of air drainage in a pit silo. It 
would be dangerous to go down into such 
a silo, as it would into a well where this 
gas is present. The chief danger seems 
to be when the silo is partly filled and 
left standing for a few days. Before 
going into such a silo it is better to start 
the cutter and let it feed into the silo 
for five or ten minutes before workmen 
are permitted to go down. A test of the 
danger involved would be to lower a 
lighted lantern or caudle down into the 
pit. If the light continues to burn there 
would be no trouble. If it goes out no 
one should venture down until the air in 
the silo has been thoroughly stirred up. 
There would be no danger in the Winter 
time, as a rule, since the gas does not 
form in large quantities at that time. 
Also the air in the silo is warmer than 
that outside, and this would create a 
draft to carry the dangerous gases away. 
The picture shown at Fig. 296 is taken 
from this bulletin, and shows how the 
silo^ is made, the following description 
being given. These silos cost all the way 
from about $60 for a silo 14x27, to $150 
for one 16x30. 
1 ypes of Pit Silos. —There are three 
types of pit silos: (1) The plain hole in 
the ground which very much resembles a 
dug well without any curbing; (2) the 
semi-pit silo which has a part of the silo 
above ground and a part located in the 
ground; and (3) the bank silo, which 
is a silo either located on the bank in 
such a way that by tunneling in at the 
bottom a chute can be made up along 
the silo similar to that of a silo which 
sets above ground, or where the silo sits 
so close to the bank that the silage can 
simply be thrown out at the doors and 
permitted to drop to the ground. Prob¬ 
ably this last type of silo is the most 
convenient and inexpensive and most sat- 
sructory of any silo that can be con¬ 
structed. 
Constructing Pit Silos—T he pit 
suo is built down instead of up. The 
unc operation is to dig a trench around 
e °P which has an inside diameter the 
baiao as the inside diameter of the silo. 
his trench should be as narrow as can 
be convenient!y dug with a spade and as 
T a ® . the spade will conveniently 
V the trench with concrete and 
on it lias set remove the dirt from in¬ 
side, down to a depth of about six feet. 
When this depth is reached, the silo 
walls should be plastered. A mixture of 
one part of cement to 2 y 2 parts of 
screened sand is the best proportion for 
the plaster. Layers should be plastered 
on until the coat of plaster is about 
three-quartets of an inch thick or more. 
It will take two or three coats to do this. 
After the first section of the silo has been 
plastered, then take out about six feet 
more of earth and plaster this in the 
same manner. Continue this process un¬ 
til the proper depth is reached. By dig¬ 
ging and plastering a silo in this man¬ 
ner there is no need of staging, and one 
has a good strong floor upon which to 
work. When the bottom of the silo is 
reached, the floor can be put in if de¬ 
sired. However, it is not material 
whether the silo has a floor or not. If a 
part of the silo is to be built above the 
ground, it can be built before the dirt is 
thrown out, or afterwards, depending 
upon the convenience of the farmer. 
There are three ways to build that part 
of the silo which is above ground. One 
is to make a form and build it of solid 
concrete, another is to build it of cement 
blocks, and the third is to set up metal 
lath on the foundation and plaster con¬ 
crete onto the inside and-outside of this. 
It is always well to have pit silos about 
three feet above ground, as this obviates 
danger of stock falling into them. The 
device used by most people for removing 
the earth is either half barrels fixed up 
in the form of buckets, or boxes with a 
trip in the bottom so that the bottom will 
drop down. These boxes are suspended 
from a hay carrier car and track which 
in turn is supported by pole tripods. If 
the ground is not of a uniform texture, 
it is generally better to wall a pit silo 
with some heavier material than plaster. 
To do this, metal lath can be tacked onto 
the ground and concrete plastered onto 
this, or a form can be built and a con¬ 
crete wall erected, or one can use brick. 
Removing tiie Silage. —There are 
three or four schemes in use for removing 
the silage from pit silos. One is by 
hoisting it hand over hand in baskets or 
buckets, another is by dropping a box 
into the silo through an opening in the 
roof and hoisting out by means of a hay 
fork car and track, while a third method 
is to arrange a hoisting device similar to 
the hoisting device used in the country 
store elevator. 
BOSTON MARKETS. 
Market garden crops have improved 
very much in appearance since last writ¬ 
ing ; weather has been fairly favorable 
for most crops except corn, which, how¬ 
ever. is coming along very well. The 
supply of moisture has been all right so 
far this season; cool weather, especially 
nights, has been the heaviest drawback. 
Early peas are now arriving in fair sup¬ 
ply, and bring about $2 a bushel and re¬ 
tail at 10 cents per quart or 75 cents 
per peck. New beets in bunches sell well 
at five cents per bunch in wholesale lots 
from the farmers’ wagons. Cucumbers 
go at about $5 per box for medium 
grades; rhubarb, 50 cents per box of 
perhaps 30 bunches. Lettuce is cheap 
at 35 cents per box of 18 heads. As¬ 
paragus is plentiful and sells now at $5 
or less per box of three dozen bunches. 
Native tomatoes bring 15 cents per 
pound. New turnips have been bringing 
$1 per dozen bunches; carrots about the 
same. Onions, Texas stock, $1 per crate 
on the average; Egyptians $1.75 per two- 
bushel bag. Potatoes have taken a good 
large drop; old stock bringing only about 
$1 per two-bushel bag, which is only half 
the price of a few weeks ago. New stock 
is plentiful at $2.50 or so per barrel. Ap¬ 
ples are scarce and not much in demand 
at this season ; they sell at $8 per barrel 
for Baldwin and $6 for Russet. South¬ 
ern blackberries are coming in quite 
plentifully, and sell at 15 cents per box 
wholesale. Cantaloupes, $2 to $3 per 
crate; watermelons. 35 to 50 cents 
apiece. Native strawberries have been on 
the market about a week, and while in 
fair supply still bring good prices. Fancy 
ripe large berries bring 22 to 25 cents per 
box wholesale. Other grades range down 
to 15. The berries from outside sections 
south of us are running small and poor, 
and bring only a small price, often re¬ 
tailing at two boxes for a quarter. Most 
of the nearby native berries are brought 
to market in one-layer crates or trays, 
and look and sell much better this way, 
as they do not get crushed and jammed, 
but arrive fresh and whole; they bring 
an advance of two to four cents per box 
over the four-layer 32-quart crate ber¬ 
ries. 
Eggs are higher for various reasons, 
hens are slacking up some; Summer va¬ 
cation trade is demanding many, and as 
they always pay a good price considering 
what the stores give this draws most of 
the native eggs off the market at this 
season. Best Boston prices are about 
28 to 30; other grades in this market go 
at from 20 to 27, according to which of 
the several grades they belong to, and 
section they come from. Butter is easy 
with a good supply coming in, but holds 
around 30 cents per pound, and is being 
put away quite largely at these prices. 
Cheese is lower, 13 to 16 wholesale. All 
meats are high, both fowls and animals; 
buyers are after any cattle they can in¬ 
duce the farmers to part with, and pay¬ 
ing well for same. Best dressed beef in 
Boston brings 13 cents; lamb 12 to 17 
dressed. Best veal calves at Brighton 
bring 11 alive; hogs, 8^ to nine, live 
weighty Live hens, 17 to 18; live broil¬ 
ers, 25 to 27; dressed broilers, 33; 
dressed fowl 21. Turkeys 25 cents per 
pound. Hay holds about the same at 
$23 for best, good $19 to $21 per ton, 
other grades $13 and $14. New crop is 
looking much better than a few weeks 
ago and if it keeps improving will be 
about normal. Meal $1.37 per bag; oats, 
94; bran, $22 and $23 per ton; mixed 
feed, $24 to $26.50 per ton; gluten, 
$26.50. a. e. p. 
CHICAGO LIVE-STOCK MARKET. 
Cattle 
Monday, June 
Tues., June 
W r ed., June 
Thurs., June 
10 .. 
17. 
Range 
. .$7.35® $9.20 
_ „ 8.80 
18. 7.20® 9.15 
_ 19. 7.20® 8.95 
Friday. June 20. 7.25® 8.70 
Monday, June 23. 7.10@ 9.00 
1912 .$0.15@$9.60 
Sheep 
Bulk of Sales 
$8.15@$8.S0 
8.00® 8.60 
8.10(5) 8.75 
7.80® 8.55 
7.70@ 8.40 
8.00® 8.80 
$7.60@$9.25 
Lambs 
Bulk 
Top 
Bulk 
Top 
June 
16. 
,$4.75@$5.15 
$5.75 
$6.50@$7.25 
$7.50 
June 
17. 
. 4.75@ 5.25 
5.90 
6.50(6! 7.25 
7.50 
June 
18. 
. 4.25@ 5.00 
5.75 
0.25® 7.00 
7.00 
June 
19. 
. 4.00(5) 4.75 
5.25 
6.00® 6.75 
6.50 
June 
20. 
. 4.00(5! 4.50 
4.00 
5.75® 6.25 
6.50 
June 
23. 
. 4.25® 4.75 
5.50 
6.25@ C.90 
7.00 
1912 
.... 
• $4.25@$4.G0 
$5.00 
$6.25® $6.75 
$7.85 
Hogs 
Monday, June 23.$8.80 
Saturday, June 21. 8.80 
Friday, June 20. 
Thursday, June 19. 8.70 
Wednesday. June 18. 
Tuesday, June 17. 
Monday, June 10. 
Corresponding day 1912. 
Top 
Average 
$8.(28 
. 8.80 
8.68 
. 8.82*4 
8.70 
. 8.70 
8.61 
. 8.00 
8.51 
. 8.75 
8.57 
. 8.05 
8.73 
. 7.S0 
7.66 
E. 
V. A. 
A New York Cow 
Woodcrest Meta 
Vernon, a Holstein 
cow, in an official 
year test made a re¬ 
cord of 28436 lbs. of 
milk on UNICORN 
DAIRY RATION. 
Write us today and 
let us show you how to 
increase both yield 
and net profits of your 
herd. We have shown 
others, why not you ! 
CHAPIN & CO. 
BOX R. Hammond, Ind. 
Mil If TlPlf CTC— E x P l ' es s Prepaid. 
IfllLaiV I IU IvL I v Travers Brothers, 
S3 "V\7" I 3NT 2*3 
Gheshires 
CATTIiB 
“EAST RIVER GRADE HOLSTEINS” 
FOR SALE 
60 COWS served to come fresh this fall and milking 
from thirty-five to forty pounds per day, now. 
20 FRESH COWS. You will like them. Come and 
see them milked. 
25 COWS due to valve this spring—Good size and 
in fine condition. 
Registerod Bulls and Registered Cows also For Sale. 
Bell Phone, JOHN B. WEBSTER, 
No. 311-F-5 Dept. B Cortland, N.Y. 
The WARNERS AYRSHIRES for Sale 
UNCAS OF HICKORY ISLAND, No. 12740, dropped Decem¬ 
ber 12, 1909, by Osceola of Hickory Island, a son of 
Olga Fox, No. 18545, and grandson of Lukalela, No. 
12357 (12187 lbs. milk, 543 1 Its. butter) and grandson 
of Lady Fox, No. 9609 (12299 lbs. milk, 624 lbs but¬ 
ter). Descended also from such individuals as Lord 
Dudley of Drumsuie, No. 7552, Glencairn 3d and 
Kirsty Wallace of Auchentrain, champion cow in 
milk tests at Buffalo Exhibition. Young stock for 
sale. Address, MANAGER WARNERS, Ipswich, Mass. 
HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES 
- Si x 
, _■_nicely 
marked and well-grown BULL CALVES FOR SALE, from 
three to four months old. All from A. 1,*. O. dams 
with records of 19 lbs., jr. three, to 25 lbs.. 5 years 
old. Sire, Pietertje Hengerveld Segis 6th, whose 
dam and grand-dam averaged 31.15 lbs. butter in 7 
days. Average fat, 4.06. Price, $50.00 to $100.00. 
ELMTREE FARM, Harry Yates, Prop., Charlotte, N. T- 
II For Sale-JERSEY BULL 
Sire, " Ca_ts Meadow Brook Jap.” Dam, "Pan- 
American Belle." Splendid looking bull; breed of 
the best ; both Sire and Dam registered. Price, $25. 
FOR SALK—JERSEY BULL-Born. Mar. 19th, 
1913. Sire, "Duke of Shady Lane." Dam, "Imo¬ 
gen Bess.” Dam in advanced registry; record eight 
thousand pounds milk, or six hundred pounds butter 
per year. Gould not improve on breeding Price, $40. 
FOR SAI.E-ATKESHIRK BULL-Born, Mar. 
1st, 1912 Sire, “Clackston Dairy King" by "Howe’s 
Dairy King," imported. Dam, " Cordelia Lass,” a 
ten thousand pound cow. Almost all white; eredil 
to any herd. Price, $75. Also full brother to this 
Bull, born Feb. 14th, 1913; markings about same; 
just as good in every way. Price, $25. Address 
C. R. CASKET, 1123 Broadway, N.Y. City 
Guernsey Bull for Sale 
Registered; fine individual. Price, $60. 
CHAS, KIEFFER, - Salisbury, Md. 
FOR SALE—OR WILL TRADE 
for Heifer Calves, Cows or Berkshire Pigs 
(sows) one A No. I Manure Spreader, and one 
10-horse power Church Engine, in A No. 1 order, 
and one Sulky Plow, or will trade for poultry. 
ltlOHARD WAGANER, Brookfield Centre. Conn. 
Samples Free. 
Gardner, .Mass. 
Large Berkshires at Highwood 
Bred Sows, Service Boars, Pigs all ages. Ninety 
brood sows and seven mature herd boars in our 
brooding herd. No animal good enough unless 
large enough. We have the large, long-bodied and 
good-headed kind that make good in the farrowing 
pen as well as show ring. 
H. C. & H. B. Harpending;, Dundee, N. Y. 
nAIDVMril To,,r Profits will be INCREASED by 
UHIII I men that MOST ECONOMICAL PRODUCER 
The Guernsey Cow 
If you want such, write 
The American Guernsey Cattle Club 
Box Y PETERBORO, N. H. 
E ureka stock farm- 
Registered Jersey 
Bulls and Heifers. 
2 mos. to 2 years old. 
Chester White, Po¬ 
land China and Berk¬ 
shire Pigs, all ages. 
Collie Pups and a__ _ 
variety of POULTRY. White eou cntcin.AU 
EDWA RD WALTER, West Chester, Fa. 
Springbank Berkshire Herd 
BIG BEKKSHIRES— I have bred more high- 
class hogs than any breeder in Connecticut. Wat¬ 
son's Masterpiece No. 123931 at head of herd. Noth¬ 
ing for sale but March and April pigs at present. 
J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Ct. 
IFRSFY HFIFFRS- REG,STERED stock 
juaxoil i near gi\o flGES ]5 T0 30 months 
Flying Fox, Financial King and Pedro blood. 
Bred to a magnificent grandson of the $15,000 
Noble of Oaklands. Prices, $75.60 to $125 60. 
0AKW00D FARM, - R, F, D, 3, - Newburgh, N. Y. 
WRITF THE TOMPKINS CO. BREED. 
EES’ ASSOCIATION, Box B, 
Trumansburg, N. Y., for a copy of The Tomp¬ 
kins Co. Breeders’ Journal with sale-list of pure¬ 
bred stock, or better yet, send 25 cents for a year's 
subscription. Some special offers in Holstein 
cattle, Southdown ewes and Cheshire gilts. 
Ontario Pietje Segis 
born Feb. 8, 1913, grandson of King Segis and 
Pietje 22d’s I\ oodcrest Lad- Showy markings; 
white predominating. Remarkable breeding 
Price, for quick sale, $150. Send for pedigree, 
CI.OVERDAl,E FARM, • Charlotte. N, Y. 
“MASHER’S EQUAL ”-<££52* 
breeding—three-years-old bull, by Masher’s Sequel, 
from A. R. dam. C. J. HERRICK, Delmar, N. Y. 
. send for the Official Sale 
imwwjO List of the NEW 
GUERNSEY BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION, Box 96, Pee kskill.N. 
G UERNSKYS-COWS. HEIFERS AND BULLS-Tw 
bulls old enough for service. Prices. $100 ui 
W. ROBERT DUNLOP. Trolley Station 19, Fayetteville, N. 1 
If You Want Guernseys , Ue m 
—The pig for pasture. Give 
him a chance to help earn 
his own living. It pays. 
Morningside Farm, Sylvania, Pa. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves F ,°" 
offer. THE GATES HOMESTEAD FARM. Chittenango. N.Y. 
Bull Calves 
. . can afford to 
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. U. F. 
SHANNON, 9U7 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 
Breed Up—Not Down'j'Tk 
Large Berkshire Pi<r« Eight weeks old. Fine 
L<,r 8 e Demsmre TlgS type ami breeding. 
Prices reasonable. JAMES G. RUGH, Emlenton, Pa. 
Alfalfa Lodge Yorkshires 
Large English White—Short-nose type. 
• Special sale Boar pigs. Trios not akin. 
JOHN G. CURTIS, Box 373. Kochester.N.Y. 
DUROC JERSEY RED SWINE 
The most popular and profitable breed in America. 
Fancy pigs at very reasonable prices. Quality un¬ 
excelled. R. W. McALLEN, Fannetlsburg Pa. 
Reg. Chester White Pigs for Sale 
5 weeks old. W. C. Batchelor, Madisonvilla, Pa. 
I arrr<» RER KSHIRE FALL PIGS, either sex. also booking 
orders for early Spring Pigs; reasonable 
prices. Frank Blum, R. 2, New Washington. Ohio 
S HELDON FARM reglsteied Durocs. Pigs of both sex 
Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding 
0. K. BAltNES. Oxford, N. V. 
Reg. Chester White Pigs 
farrowed May 1st. Growthv and very prolific. Also 
Poland Chinas. S. R. YOUNG, R. D. 4, Coatesville. Pa. 
S E S 
50 STALLIONS 
and MARES, $250 to $1000 each 
Write for my Illustrated 
Circular telling why I can save 
you money on the purchase of a Per- 
cheron or Belgian Stallion or Mare. 
A.W. Green, Middlefield, O. 
R. R. Sta., E. Orwell, on Penna. Ry. 
Midway between Ashtabula & Warren 
SHETLAND PONIE&fe 
An nneuasing source of pleasure ami robust healih tJHPdrea 
riafe ami ideal playmates. Inexpensive to keep. Highest typ# 
Complete outfits. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated Cat a 
logue. BELLK MEaDK FARM, BOX 20, MARKHAM, Yl 
DOGS 
Collie Pups 
-The kind that bring the cows, 
NELSON’S,. Grove City. Pa. 
COLLIE PUPSISl 
Dog strain. $3 each. F. L. CHENEY. Guilford, New York 
PUREBRED REGISTERED 
HOLSTEIN CATTLE 
A leading agricultural paper speaks of the advantages 
to be derived by American dairymen through the ex¬ 
change, of their small-yield cows for large-yield Hol- 
stein-Friesians. 
"We then should not need 22,000,000 milch cows. We 
should be able to make our present quantity of milk with 
about 8,000.000 cows- Dairying would then be a safe and 
sane business, a paying and satisfactory occupation for 
our farmers.” 
Send tor Free Illustrated Descriptive Booklets. 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASS’N, F. L. HOUGHTON. Sac'y, Box 105. Brattleboro, Yt. 
