824 
T-H tC RURAL NEW-YORKER 
July 5, 
Milk 
The “ Milk Exchange” and Prices. 
The Milk Exchange once had a con¬ 
siderable influence in this section, but 
such is not the case at the present time. 
For several years the Borden Condensed 
Milk Co., has been gaining ground rap¬ 
idly in the matter of fixing prices. The 
Bordens and the Sheffield folks are now 
doing all the fixing of prices that I know 
anything about. I think that there may 
be an occasional concern within the 
range of 50 miles from here where the 
price has been fixed by the Exchange, but 
these are so infrequent that I cannot at 
this moment name a single one. Our 
farmers never say anything about the 
Exchange now, and unless their attention 
is called to the fact of no further Ex¬ 
change quotations few will know about 
it. It may turn out that the Exchange 
had an influence on the Bordens, but 
there seems to be little evidence of it 
at present. The supply of milk is now 
so short that I do not see how any con¬ 
cern can control prices very greatly in 
conflict with the supply and the demand 
for milk. It is true that there seems to 
be something of an artificial price, but 
I think it is due if at all to the big deal¬ 
ers who fix the price not only for them¬ 
selves hut for almost all other dealers in 
this vicinity as well. 
Some years ago there seemed to be a 
method of fixing prices by the Exchange 
that worked some hardship. In those 
days the Exchange named the price from 
time to time for indefinite periods and 
they were almost always well down the 
line. The Bordens named a higher price 
almost always and farmers made so much 
demand for Borden prices that they were 
in time largely allowed. The Bordens 
got their hold in that way. Now they 
are established, and for some time their 
prices have been lower than those named 
by the Exchange. For my part I "am 
sorry that the Exchange has ceased to 
name prices, for we were just coming to 
see that the Bordens are behind the 
times. It is difficult to see what we can 
compare with now except the co-opera¬ 
tive concerns. I guess we will need more 
co-operatives than ever before. Of 
course I am writing of conditions in my 
locality, but the same are to be found for 
a considerable distance. In some direc¬ 
tions I know they are the same for more 
than a hundred miles. H. h. l. 
Delaware Co., N. Y. 
Buying an Untested Cow. 
I contracted to buy a cow which 
through neglect and scant feeding is poor 
in flesh, but has the frame of a good cow, 
upon the condition that she is healthy 
absolutely. It was my intention to have 
her tuberculin tested, but the seller will 
not permit this, saying it will pull her 
down in milk production. I have learned 
also that she cannot hold her milk; 
whether or not this is due to her poor 
condition I do not know. As I intend to 
buy a number of cows, would you not 
think it unwise to put a cow in my barn 
not tested for tuberculosis? Under these 
conditions am I not justified in declining 
to take the cow? What effect does the 
tuberculin test have on a cow? 
New York. M. N. G. 
I believe that you are fully justified 
in refusing to buy a cow whose physical 
condition is such as to make the pres¬ 
ence of tuberculosis seem fairly probable; 
and you would, furthermore, be unwise 
to place such a cow in a herd believed to 
be healthy. A properly made tuberculin 
test has no effect upon a cow other than 
to temporarily raise her body tempera¬ 
ture if she is diseased, and the only legi¬ 
timate objection to such a test should be 
the matter ot expense; this, of course, 
should be arranged for between buyer 
and seller. Inability to hold milk js not 
due to the poor condition of a cow, but 
to a relaxation of the sphincter muscle 
closing the orifice at the end of the teat. 
It is not easily I’emedied. M. B. D. 
Selling Bottled Milk. 
How can I go about the selling of hot- 
tied milk? I was thinking I could buy 
several cans of dairy milk and then bot¬ 
tle it to sell in town at retail. Is there 
any special rule connected with this busi¬ 
ness? Must milk contain certain amount 
of better fat, or if farmers’ milk can 
comd^up to legal requirements is it safe 
to bottle same for sale? If there are 
any special rules or specifications to go 
by please state where I can secure same. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. w. s. 
I know of no special State laws gov¬ 
erning the sale of bottled milk in this 
State, though inany municipalities have 
their own regulations, usually established 
by the board of health, which must be 
observed; you can learn by inquiry 
whether there are any such in the town 
or city where you wish to do business. 
Milk in this State is deemed adulterated 
unless it contains at least three per cent 
of butter fat, and 11% per cent of solids; 
practically all milk, however, comes up 
to this standard if it has not been tam¬ 
pered with, and you run little risk in this 
respect if you buy of honest dairymen-; 
any milk “thinner” than this would prob¬ 
ably excite your suspicion from its ap¬ 
pearance. If you are in -doubt concern¬ 
ing any particular dairy from which you 
wish to purchase you will probably have 
no difficulty in getting a sample tested at 
any local creamery or by the authorities 
of the board of health in the town where 
you sell. There are no organizations 
which you are compelled to join, and any 
special rules that you must observe will 
be established, as mentioned, by local 
authorities from whom you can readily 
obtain them. The two chief things that 
you will find it necessary to observe in 
handling milk are absolute cleanliness in 
every detail from cow to consumer, and 
the keeping of the milk at a low tempera¬ 
ture until it is delivered; 50 degrees F. 
or less. Without ice or a plentiful sup¬ 
ply of running cold water you will be 
badly handicapped, and unless you are 
familiar with the methods of handling 
milk you have much to learn. M. B. D. 
Pennsylvania Dairy Notes. 
Although Durhams seem to have been 
the favorite breed for many years in 
this immediate locality, there is at pres¬ 
ent a growing tendency toward purebred 
herds with the Holstein leading, although 
the Guernsey is largely depended upon 
by those making butter, as is also the 
Jersey. Most farmers and dairymen in 
this locality sell the whole milk either 
wholesale or retail, chiefly the former 
at four cents a quart, which in my judg¬ 
ment is not equivalent to 35 cents a 
pound for butter. Some of the retail 
dairymen with purebred and good grade 
Holstein are able to command as much 
as eight cents per quart. This of course 
calls for heavy milk producers. I do 
not care to make any predictions relative 
to the outlook for butter dairying other 
than to say that the high price of whole 
milk and the cheap substitutes for pure 
butter, seem to cause many dairymen to 
hesitate about taking up the question 
of butter making. The matter of using 
the separated milk for hogs is a thing 
often too lightly considered. In this im¬ 
mediate locality shotes from fiO-SO pounds 
brought as much as $12 this Spring, 
due to the fact that all the milk was 
shipped off the farm leaving no sub¬ 
stitute for young pigs to thrive upon. 
In the last few years there has been 
developed quite a tendency to head the 
herds with purebred sires, which is al¬ 
ready showing excellent results. Having 
just started to build up a dairy herd, 
I hope to he able to give more detailed 
information in the future to any ques¬ 
tions you may raise. The butter making 
contest at State College has surely 
taught some valuable lessons in butter 
making and butter handling. W. H. K. 
New Kingstown, Pa. 
Cheese from Goat’s Milk. 
Can you furnish a recipe (not too 
complicated) for making cheese from 
goat’s milk. x. 
Fishkill-on-IIudson, N. Y r . 
Information as to the process of mak¬ 
ing goat’s milk cheese does not seem to 
be readily available to the ordinary in¬ 
quirer; I have tried both of New York 
State’s agricultural colleges and experi¬ 
ment stations and am able to get only 
the suggestion from one of them that the 
ordinary process used in making common 
Cheddar cheese from cows’ milk would 
probably answer equally well for the 
milk from goats. As you are probably 
not thinking of making goats’ milk cheese 
upon a large commercial scale, books or 
bulletins discussing cheese making would 
not be likely to be of much use to you ; 
and as goat’s milk cheese is, I believe, 
something of an Italian delicacy, it is 
possible that some of our Italian readers 
can furnish you with simple directions 
for home cheese-making from goat’s 
milk. m. B. D. 
Indigestion in Mare. 
A mare 20 years old has been in quite 
a bad condition all Winter; she is poor 
and her coat is rough on the body, but 
her eyes are bright. She passes a good 
deal of gas and sometimes will stand 
and kick at her stomach, then again will 
have spells of lying down out flat and 
groaning a few times and then gets up 
and stays up for a long time. Her legs 
are not swollen or stiff. She is anxious 
to go or work, but she has no strength. 
Her teeth do not seem just right; the 
grinders seem to crumble some but she 
grinds her hay in good shape, and eats it 
pretty fair, but does not eat feed of any 
description, only a little at a time, about 
one quart twice a day. She eats whole 
oats better than other grain or other 
ground feed. She will eat ground feed 
once or twice and then will not eat it 
again but wants something different. 
Last Fall she had dysentery for quite a 
while but has not been troubled with it 
since. i. e. b. 
New York. 
Have her teeth attended to by a veter¬ 
inarian, and if she has a long, coarse 
coat of hair and does not shed out 
normally have her clipped. Make her 
work every day, or let her run out doors 
as much as the state of the weather will 
allow. It was a mistake to let her go 
idle. If she does not improve feed her 
a quart of molasses night and morning, 
mixing it with three quarts of hot water 
and then stirring it among cut hay, corn- 
meal and wheat bran. Feed whole oats 
at noon and long hay at night. 
a. s. A. 
Lameness. 
I have a gray mare, 14 years old. 
She is in good condition. A year ago, 
when I got her, she had the heaves 
quite badly; after I got her I com¬ 
menced wetting her hay and grain, and 
it seemed to help her. When I go to 
use her, after she has gone a little 
way, she seems to get lame, sometimes' 
in one hind leg and sometimes the other.' 
The farther I go the lamer she gets, 
and on some occasions seems to lose 
the use of her hind legs, sweats very 
badly and seems to draw her hind parts 
up as though in pain. She has been 
like this for about three months. I am 
feeding her about 2 quarts of oats and 
barley and two quarts of wheat bran 
twice a day and good clean Timothy 
hay and a bran mash at noon. If you 
know of a remedy I would be glad to, 
try it, as she is a good work horse. 
New York. L. e. s. 
The mare may have slight attacks of 
azoturia, in which disease the urine is 
the color of strong coffee. This disease 
is brought on by one or more day of 
idleness during which time the usual 
rations are fed. Stop feeding barley and 
bran mashes. Feed whole oats and 
bran dampened with water. Never let 
her stand a single day idle in the 
stable. Turn her out in the yard or 
pasture when there is no work for her 
to do. There may be some other cause 
of lameness; but the changes in feeding 
and management here suggested will 
prove beneficial. a. s. a. i 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
“Ohio” 1913 Model 
The Improved Logical 
Silo Filler 
“Ohio” improvements for 
1913 are radical—eclipse 
all previous efforts. 
Don’t close a deal for any Cutter 
and take chances with unknown 
makes until you see what the 
“Ohio” offers. 
59 years’ experience —absolutely de¬ 
pendable Qualtty. 
Famous Patented Direct Drive 
is secret of "Ohio” superiority — the 
only machine that is driven, cuts and 
elevates direct from main shaft. Simple, 
compact —low-speed fan— non-explosive 
— non-clogging on any cut. Cuts clean 
on all crops—knives can’t spring. 
One Lever Controls All 
Entire feed reverses by wood friction 
at finger pressure—no strain—not n gear 
tooth changes mesh. All gears perfectly 
housed. Famous “Bull-Dog’’ grip self- 
feed. Enormous half-inch cut tonnage, 
BO to 250 tons a day —6 to 15 h. p. 20- 
year durability. Used by Experiment 
Stations everywhere. Guaranteed. Many 
big new features this year. 
Write for free “Ohio” catalog today. 
A postal will do. 
“Modern Silage Methods” 
a 264-page book mailed 
for 10c, coin or stamps. 
.THE SILVER MFG. CO. 
FREE 
TRIAL 
m 
* "We're willing 
to assume the re- 
sponsibility of proving 
to you—absolutely— 
that the 
Light Running 
“SILBERZAHN” 1 
ENSILAGE CUTTER 
£;i; will cut your ensilage better, faster, more satisfactory 
in every way than any other cutter and is positively 
IS:, safe under all conditions. Send now for our “try be- 
fore you pay” proposition which will surely Con¬ 
'S'. vince you. —— 1 
f&j, Gehl Bros. Mfg. Co. 
m. 
144 S. Water Street 
West Bend, Wis, 
Vjilr. Branch 
202 Fulton St. 
s, iNewYork 
City 
Fill Your Silo 
Pay when 
Satisfied 
Over 
63 
Years 
Experience 
Back of it 
DACC Machines are 
[\V/i3u fully guaranteed 
You take no risk 
We want to prove that our machines area 
good investment before you give up your 
money. We know they are so good that we do 
not feel It a risk to make this offer. Many new 
feituroa havo boon added which you should know about 
before buying a machine. Catalog explains ail. It is free. 
The E. W. Ross Co., Box 113 Springfield, O. 
The day of the skyscraper Silo is here. No Silo too 
igh for the Smalley! Mr. II. A. Cooper of Liver- 
Y. says: “1 filled a 12-1't. by 32-ft. Silo on the 
cut in five hours. I could have tilled it in 
four hours if they had the help to get the corn to us.” 
When C. I. Cook, Menominee, Mich., wanted to fill 
the four biggest Silos in the U. S. he got a Power 
lul “Smalley.” 
Real business farmers like Mr. Cooper and Mr. 
Cook have no time to fool with the old slat-apron 
type of machine. They want this lorcc-feed 
chain-table, grip-book kind, made by Smalley 
only Thus they save a tremendous amount of 
work and do a quicker, cleaner job. No coarse, 
uneven silage. All uniformly cut. Which means 
greater tonage per silo. 
POWERFUL SMALLEY 
f f ° e r e c d e - SILAGE CUTTER 
not only handles green silage, hut is also a 
wonder at cutting dry feed. Handles alfalfa, 
for instance, to perfection. Letters in catalog 
prove it. Many farmers use their Powerful 
“Smalley’'' to cut corn in the fall and oats and 
pens in the spring for feeding when pastures dry 
up in July. Only one drive pulley on Blower out¬ 
fits. No Idler to bother with. Ton per cent steel 
guaranteed in all foundry castings. No oiling by 
hand—hard oil cups on all important hearings. 
You won’t know what a real Silo Filler is till 
you’ve seen the Powerful “Smalley” or had the 
Smalley Cutalog. Why not send a postal this 
minute for the latest Smalley Catalog and learn 
about the Silage Machine that four out of five silo 
owners now use? Write now nnd you’ll get this 
fine, useful Book by return mail. 
SMALLEY MFG. COMPANY 
Box76 Manitowoc, WIs. 
Manufacturers of Ensilage, Alfalfa and Hand Food Cutters, 
Combination Ensilage and Snapping Machines, Drag and 
Big Results 
with Small Power 
“The easy running features of the 
Blizzard is what recommends it to 
local dairymen,” says B. C. Wolter & Co., 
of Appleton. Wis. Small engines operato 
Blizzards of stock! capacity, whero larger power 
would bo needed if any other filler waa used. Any 
engine of (5 to 10 H. P.)—a size convenient for the 
regular work, is largo enough for Blizzards. Iho 
BLIZZARD 
Ensilage Cutter 
Is the original and the kin*? of feed cutters. Easy 
to set up and start fc> running. Has self feed table. 
Almost runs itself. Takca work as fast as you can 
S ivc it. Elevates to any hoijjht, in any direction. 
ever treta out of whack. Knives adjusted while in 
operation. Absolutely safe.. Anyone can set up. 
Mounted or unmounted. Write today for 
r roa Pfinite Cl) Blizzard CataW. (2) Why Sil- 
i TGc Du OKS jjjfg Pays. (3) What Users Say. 
Any or all are free if you* 11 write. 
THE JOS. DICK MFG. CO. 
14Z6 Tuscarawas St. 
Canton, Ohio 
Dirigo Silos 
Are Manufactured Not Assembled Silos 
Highest grade material—air 
tight doors—permanent ladder 
—genuine wood preservative- 
easy to orect— built for long, 
continued service and sold 
direct. Send for catalog, prices 
and freight to your station. 
Stevens Tank & Tower Co., Auburn, Me 
•- ' 
New Silo Book 
FREE- 
It’s full of valuable infor¬ 
mation for every farmer 
and stock raiser. Tells all 
about the special and 
exclusive features of the 
famous 
INDIANA SILO 
Twenty-Five Thousand in 
use. Write and learn why 
it is best and cheapest and 
get our New Silo Book Free. 
INDIANA SILO COMPANY 
The largest makers of Silos in tko 
world. Address nearest factory: 
iff'’ Union Bldg., Anderson, Ind. 
&18 Indiana Bldg , Dos Moines, la. 
61 8 Bilo Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. 
Ever considered the dangor of 
using a flimsy silo ladder? Or 
the annoyance of doors that stick? 
Or the loss in feeding value of sil¬ 
age from a cheap silo? Or the risk 
from storms? Better Investigate the 
Harder with its ladder of 
massive strength, Its per¬ 
fect-fitting doors, its excel¬ 
lence of matorlal and con¬ 
struction's Anchors which 
hold the silo solid as an oak; 
0 \JMH the oldest, most famous, the 
jAe^pl kind “Uncle Sam” uses. 
“-a--— w Catalog free. 
HARDER MFG. CO., Box 11, Cobteskill.N. 
