THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
845 
1913. 
The Henyard. 
THE EGG-LAYING CONTEST. 
The thirty'-second week of the contest, 
June 6 to 12, inclusive, shows a gain of 
19 eggs over the previous week. The 
total production for the week is 2,170, 
which is just 62 per cent, of the possible 
total. Not many flocks of 500 birds 
reach that figure very often. 
The highest score for the week is 32; 
T. J. McConnell’s White Wyandottes 
and Frank Toulmin’s White Leghorns 
from Burnley, England, were the pens 
making that score. White Leghorns 
make all the other high scores. Five 
pens laid 30 each; A. B. Hall’s pen, A. 
II. Saylor Drug Co., P. G. Platt’s pen, 
W. L. Sleegur’s pen and Marwood Poultry 
Farm’s pen. Six pens of White Leghorns 
laid 29 each : W. P. Canby’s, Orchard 
Hill Poultry Farm’s pen, Leroy E. Sand’s 
pen, Bosswood Poultry Farm’s pen, Ed¬ 
ward Cam’s pen, and F. A. Jones’ pen. 
Six pens of White Leghorns laid 28 each : 
Abbott Poultry Yards, Burton E. Moore, 
F. G. Yost, Tom Barron, W. E. Tilling- 
hast, and Blue Mountain Poultry Farm. 
Two pens of White Leghorns laid 27, 
and Beulah Farm’s White Wyandottes 
also laid 27. 
A breeder of White Orpingtons in 
Maryland thinks that too much stress is 
laid on the performance of White Leg¬ 
horns in these reports; but I can do 
nothing less—or more—than give the 
facts as they occur. But he makes the 
point—which is well taken—that it is the 
general averages of each breed that is 
of more consequence than occasional high 
records, and claims that taking out the 
English pens, the average of the other 
pens of White Leghorns would bring 
them down to fifth place. Below is the 
figures for each breed: 
No. Breed. 
Average 
pens. 
No. laid. 
per pen 
8. Barred Rocks. 
. 3,105 
388.1 
2. White Rocks. 
. 1.052 
526. 
1. Buff Rocks. 
. 492 
492. 
2. Columbian Rocks.. 
. 882 
441. 
1. Silver Wyandottes. 
. 452 
452. 
11. White Wyandottes 
. 5,285 
480.4 
2. Buff Wyandottes.. 
. 798 
399. 
8. S. C. R. 1. Rods. . . 
. 4.079 
509.8 
5. R. C. R. I. Rods. . 
2 221 
444.2 
1. Brown Leghorns.. 
. 420 
420. 
43. White Leghorns. . . 
.21,941 
510.3 
3. Buff Leghorns. ... 
. 1,568 
522.6 
1. Black Minorcas... 
. 425 
425. 
1. Blue Andalusians. 
. 408 
408. 
1. Auconas . 
. 345 
345. 
2. Buff Orpingtons... 
. 866 
433. 
1. Black Orpingtons.. 
. 261 
261. 
4. White Orpingtons.. 
. 1,660 
415. 
1. White -laced It c d 
Cornish .. 
. 322 
322. 
1. Buttercups . 
,. 197 
197. 
But the above includes the four pens 
of English White Leghorns, which laid 
2,542 eggs. Counting out these from 
21,941 leaves 19,399, which, divided by 
the 39 remaining pens, gives to the 
American-bred Leghorns an average of 
497.4. True, this is excelled by the 
two pens of White P. Rocks, and by the 
eight pens of S. C. R. I. Reds, but 
might not be if there were 40 pens of 
each to compare with. The poor showing 
of the Barred Rocks is undoubtedly due 
to the large number of hens entered. 
Five of the eight pens are hens. 
Tom Barron's total is now 767; Ed¬ 
ward Cam’s 689; O. A. Foster’s 642; 
Edward Cam’s White Wyandottes 635; 
Geo. H. Schmitz’s Buff Leghorns, 632; 
W. L. Sleegur’s White Leghorns, 611. 
No others have reached 600, though Brae- 
side Poultry Farm’s White Leghorns are 
within one of it, 599 is their total; .‘17 
pens have laid 500 or over. The total 
to date is 47,155. geo. a. cosgrove. 
Marking Chicks. 
1. Is there any other way to mark 
chicks than by punching in the web or 
rings around legs? I have been told that 
if they are marked with aniline color on 
part of their feathers it would hold for 
quite some time. 2. Do you know of any 
treatment or special way of feeding to 
force hens two years old to become broody 
or bring about this condition by keeping 
hens confined? G. C. 
Park Ridge, N. J. 
1. Chicks may be marked by dyeing 
their feathers with the ordinary aniline 
dyes, and the mark would last until the 
dyed feathers were replaced by new ones, 
llus method would be most easily appli¬ 
cable to white chicks, and some very 
striking decorative effects have been ac¬ 
complished in this way. 
2. The methods of feeding which in- 
heav -v laying are also the ones 
winch conduce to broodiness. I know 
of no special foods or care which will 
bring about this condition, but have 
round with my own White Leghorns, a 
so-called non-sitting breed, that a long 
continued period of heavy laying is fol- 
lowrd by broodiness, and very persistent 
broodiness in many cases. m. b. d. 
House for Small Flock. 
, I am planning to buy 10 or 12 pullets 
in. the early Fall for the purpose of ob¬ 
taining fresh eggs and learning some- 
ttnng about bens. Which style of house 
would be most suitable for me, one of 
the open-front shed type with a small 
Jard, or one of the two-story rolled-top 
desk type? All things considered, the 
best place to locate my house would be 
"U the south side of a high, thick privet 
hedge, but my neighbor’s henhouse is on 
the other side of the hedge, about eight 
or 10 feet from where mine would be. 
Would there be any danger of disease 
spreading from one house to the other? 
My neighbor keeps his place clean and his 
hens are apparently healthy, w. M. B. 
Wollaston, Mass. 
My preference would be an open-front, 
shed type house, with a yard attached. 
If the fowls do not go from one house 
to the other there will be no danger from 
your neighbor’s hens. Disease germs 
do not ily through the air upon their own 
wings, and if there is no opportunity 
for contact or for common use of land or 
buildings, there will be no spread of 
disease from one flock to another. 
_ M. B. D. 
A Hen Epidemic. 
We have been having quite a time with 
our poultry from February till now. 
The hens would suddenly get staggery 
and while their combs would look 
healthy, iu a few days they would die, 
generally under the roost at night, many 
with their necks slightly turned—like 
ptomaine poisoning. There was iu every 
instance a watery discharge-—mostly 
greenish in color. We always kept any 
dead thing out of their reach. They get 
the run of the farm. Although we ex¬ 
perimented for a time in penning them 
up, the disease still prevailed. We 
kept dry bran constantly before them, fed 
boiled potatoes, wheat in morning, at in¬ 
tervals scalded oats and corn at night. 
Our young chicks are beginning the same 
way. What is the trouble? D. K. s. 
Pennsylvania. 
The symptoms that you describe are 
not sufficient to base a positive diagnosis 
upon, but the greenish diarrhoea shows an 
irritated or inflamed condition of the in¬ 
testines consequent upon some one of 
many possible causes. Among these are 
the ingestion of irritating undigestible 
food, tainted meat, foul drinking water, 
various disease producing bacteria, and 
some animal parasites. Where the cause 
of the trouble cannot be definitely located, 
the only rational course is to take cer¬ 
tain general measures for the protection 
of the healthy members of the flock. All 
food accessible to the fowls should be 
inspected to see that they cannot obtain 
anything unwholesome, and impure drink¬ 
ing water should not be allowed within 
their reach. Their living quarters should 
be cleaned up and disinfected with car- 
bolized lime wash, the eating and drink¬ 
ing utensils should be cleaned frequently 
with boiling water, and all birds show¬ 
ing any symptoms of sickness should be 
promptly removed from the flock. The 
carcasses of dead fowls should be so 
deeply buried that others cannot get at 
them, and if meat meal or scrap is being 
fed this should be discontinued unless 
you are positive that it is entirely whole¬ 
some. The addition of sour milk to the 
diet, if it is not already being fed, should 
prove of value. m. b. d. 
CARE OF EGGS ON THE FARM. 
Bulletin 160 of the I*. 8. Department 
of Agriculture discusses the care of eggs 
ou the farm, asserting that every year 
there is a loss of millions of dollars in 
bad eggs, the direct result of haphazard 
methods of production, marketing, and 
shipping, and that the greater part of 
this loss is due to ignorance and in¬ 
difference on the pai;t of the farmer and 
producer; two-thirds of the total loss 
iu fertile and infertile eggs taking place 
on the farm. In large markets eggs 
are graded as fresh when newly laid, 
clean, of normal size, showing a very 
small air cell, and having a strong smooth 
shell of even color and free from cracks. 
When cracked but not leaking, they are 
termed checks; and when they have lost 
a part of their contents they are called 
leakers. Seconds are eggs good enough 
for human consumption but .which have 
been heated, or subject to a development 
of the embryo equivalent tolroml8to24 
hours of natural incubation; or those 
which are shrunken, small, dirty, watery, 
bady misshapen, or which show the 
presence of blood clots. Spots are eggs 
in which bacterial or mold growths have 
developed locally within the shell, and 
caused the formation of lumpy adhesions. 
Embryonic development produced by from 
24 to 36 hours of incubation under a hen 
shows a blood ring; and eggs absolutely 
unfit for human food are termed rots, 
these being defined as black rot, white 
rot, or spot rot according to their na¬ 
ture. 
A series of experiments were con¬ 
ducted through one season on Kansas 
farms to determine the effect upon eggs 
of common methods of production and 
storage and the changes which took place 
during the time of retention of such 
eggs in country stores and in transit to 
the packing houses. Both fertile and in¬ 
fertile, clean and dirty, washed and un¬ 
washed eggs were used, and to test the 
influence of location of nests, eggs were 
placed in nests provided for the use of 
a laying flock, in stolen nests, in nests 
under corncribs, in weeds or under¬ 
brush, and in strawstacks; while the 
results of keeping the gathered eggs in 
living rooms of farmhouses and in cellars 
or cyclone caves were also noted. The 
results of this study are summarized as 
follows: Eggs kept in cellars or cyclone 
caves proved much better than those kept 
under other conditions. Taking the sea¬ 
son as a whole, eggs kept in a living room, 
though unheated, did not maintain good 
quality well. During the hot Summer 
months the conditions surrounding the 
weed nest, the nest in the strawstack, 
or under the corncrib, and the stolen 
nest favor the production of spots, blood 
rings, and rots. Keeping the eggs in 
living rooms of the house also conduced 
to such deterioration. The greatest de¬ 
terioration in fertile eggs occurred when 
they were subject to a certain amount 
of natural incubation, as in nests for 
layers and stolen nests. The straw- 
stack nests gave the greatest number of 
spots in both fertile and Infertile eggs, 
and were the only ones In which a 
large number of infertile eggs deteriorated 
to such an extent as to be unfit for 
food. In fertile eggs the development of 
the embryo was of sufficient proportion 
after 24 hours of incubation to be recog¬ 
nized before the candle, and after 36 
hours the presence of blood was easily 
detected. In infertile eggs under the 
same conditions a slight shrinkage of the 
contents was the only change that could 
be recognized by the eye. Infertile eggs, 
regardless of where they may be kept, 
are much more resistant to deterioration 
than fertile eggs. Eggs that are fresh 
when delivered to the buyer show some 
deterioration upon arriving at the pack¬ 
ing house. 
The results of all the experimental 
work indicate that the production of in¬ 
fertile eggs is the greatest factor in main¬ 
taining high quality iu eggs during the 
hot Summer months; it is probably need¬ 
less to add that this is easily brought 
about by the removal of all males from 
the flocks as soon as the breeding season 
is over. Hens will lay as well without 
the presence of males in thi flock as 
with them, and in from two to three 
weeks from their removal the eggs will 
become infertile. It is believed by the 
authors of the bulletin that attention to 
the following five rules will prevent a 
very large proportion of the loss now ex¬ 
perienced iu the value of the country’s 
egg production: Give the hens clean 
nests ; gather the eggs at least once daily ; 
keep eggs iu a cool dry place; market 
eggs at least twice a week, and dispose 
of all mature males at the close of the 
breeding season. m. b. d. 
The curate of a large and fashionable 
church was endeavoring to teach the sig¬ 
nificance of white to a Sunday school 
class. “Why,” said he, does a bride in¬ 
variably desire to be clothed iu white at 
her marriage?” As no one answered he 
explained: “White,” said he, “stands for 
joy, and the wedding day is the most 
joyous of a woman’s life.” A small boy 
queried. “Why do the men all wear 
black?”—Credit Lost. 
Lice Murder Chicks ; 
check laying, stunt growth, ruin 
the plumage, torture the hens | 
PRATTS LICE KILLER 
(Powdered) murders lice and so | 
Insures greater profits. 
25c. 50c. Guaranteed. Pratts 160- 
pago poultry book 10 c by mail. 
At all dealers, or 
PRATT FOOD COMPANY 
Philadelphia Chicago 
PARTRIDGES I PHEASANTS 
The Celebrated Him- 
parian and English --- —' — ~ VI/ ■ a w 
Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quail*. 
Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy 
Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks, Beautiful 
Swans, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, 
Squirrels, Ferrets, and all kinds of birds and 
animals. WM. J. 31ACKLNSKN, Natural 
ist, Department 1 (), Yardley, Pa. 
Rose Comb Reds and MAMMOTH 
BRONZE TURKEYS— (Crescent Strain) 
Eggs from all matings half-price during remainder 
of the season. Also high-class breeding birds at 
half-price during next GO days. Mating list free. 
0. R. HONE, CRESCENT HILL c flRM, SHAR ON SPRINGS. N. Y. 
THE PARMER'S FAVORITE WINTER 
* LAYERS—Kellerstrass White Orpingtons. Eggs 
and clucks at reduced prices dur ing June and July. 
W. It. STEVENS, Culver Road, Lyons, N. Y. 
FOR SALEy ? 00 ,?• C. White Leghorn 
FM , Yearling Hens. 200 S. O. 
eghoru Yearling Hens. Selection out of 900 
all high-class birds. 1,000 March and April batched, 
ranch raised. S. C. White Leghorn Pullets. 300 
i onng Cockerels. Tom P.arrons strain at i-eason- 
able prices, FAIR VIEW POULTRY FARM, Mayville, N. Y. 
p II I n II O— 7c. Shipped C. O. D. S. C. W. Leg- 
II II ! 11 1\ tl ‘'orns. Will return money for dead 
UIIIUIXU ones. Pamphlet on roup Free 
C. M. LAUVER, Richfield, Pa. 
ones. 
B-73. 
BABY CHICKS 
Chicks $8.50 per Hundred 
Purebred S. 0. White Leghorns. Range yearling 
J]jeedcrs. Big strong chicks that will please, 
VANCREST POULTRY FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
D. W. Yonng's strain 
•— - - — — . ... w . — J Single Comb White Leg- 
horns exclusively. All on free farm rango. A hatch 
every Wednesday. Chicks, balance of June and 
July, $8 per 100 . A Fireless Brooder and 50 chick* 
for $ 6 —a bargain. My book, "Profits in Poultry Keeping 
Solved, shows where the money is. Price, $ 1 , or 
given free with all 100 chick orders. Circular free. 
EDGAR BRIGGS, North Boulevard, Pleasant Valley, N. Y. 
R.!. Reds, Houdans, Indian Runner Ducks 
High-class stock for UTILITY. SHOW or EX- 
PORT. Kggs for hatching. Mating list on vequeat. 
SINCLAIR SMITH, 602 Fifth St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
MAPLE COVE POULTRY YARDS 
B. Ho. 24, Attw. Pa. teSS'glTSSU'lTS: 
Austin’s 200-Egg Strain s a 
high record stock. Ola u 
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM 
„ Standard bred, 
and- young stock for sale. 
Box 17, Centre Harbnr, N. H. 
Baby Chicks 81c. Each-JZ-r*,?™^ 
on free range and from selected stock. Prompt delivery. A 
batch even* week. &afe arrival gu a ran teed. Circular free. 
Chas. R. Stone, It®by C hicken Farm, Mnatslja rg-on-H adaon, >. Y. 
Wanted—100 Wyandotte Pullets 
About two mouths old. Giro r 
BROWER, 
Give lowest price. 
Cresskill, N, 
P0ULTRYMFN~ Se,lli 2c stan, P f° r Illustrated 
’ 1 11 1 n L, ‘ Catalog describing 35 varieties. 
LAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS MARIETTA, PA. 
BOOKS WORTH BUYING 
Agriculture and Chemistry, Storer. . . $5.00 
Fertility of the Land Roberts. 1.50 
Fertilizers, Voorhees . 1.25 
Fertilizers and Crops, Van Slyke.... 2.50 
Manures, Semper .40 
Soils, Hilgard . 4.00 
The Soil, King. 1.50 
Farmers of 40 Centuries, King. 2.50 
Forage and Fiber Crops, Hunt. 1.75 
How Crops Crow, Johnson. 1.50 
How Crops Feed, Johnson. 1.50 
Meadows and Pastures, Wing. 1.50 
Physics of Agriculture, King. 1.75 
Weeds of Farm and Garden, Pammel. 1.50 
Drainage for Profit and Health. Waring 1.00 
Irrigation and Drainage, King.'.1.50 
Study of Corn. Shoesmith.50 
Cereals in America, Hunt. 1.75 
Corn Culture. Plumb. 1.00 
Clovers, Shaw . 1.00 
Farm Grasses of the U. S.. Spillman.. 1.00 
Celery Culture, Beattie.50 
Irrigation Farming, Wilcox. 2.00 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West 30th St., New York 
PROOF 
0221 
i’ll rn 
Save Save 
Your Lambs Your Pigs 
I'll stop your usual summer losses from worms. I’ll promptly rid your stock of these 
blood-sucking, profit-eating, dangerous pests and put your animals in better summer condi¬ 
tion than ever before. I'll do it at my risk—not yours. You need not pay me a single cent if I 
fail. I’ll do it with Sal-Vet. 
InlO days after I commenced feed¬ 
ing my lambs Sab Vet, they began to 
pain fieah and now Oct-3rd they are 
in perfect health and fat as they can 
bo. I have used tobacco in largo 
quantities and worm powders of 
three different kinds and they did 
no good. J. A. ALEXANDER 
Maple Hill Stock Farm 
New Ha rmony, Ind. 
"Before getting your "Sal-Vet’* 
l had lost thirteen of my best hogs, 
but since feeding “Sal-Vet” 1 did 
not lose a single one, and every 
animal is in fine condition.” 
1 Signed) GEO. MOREN 
1_Pitf^hnrvr. Kansas 
The Great 
Worm 
Destroyer 
The Great Live 
Stock 
Conditioner 
Sal-Vet” requires no dosing, no drenching, no handling, no trouble at all 
Simply Place this wonderful medicated salt where all your stock can run to 
DOCTOR THEMSELVES. You 
rill keep in better condition— thrive 
you more money. I’ll prove it 
PBIPFQ" 40 lbs.,$*2.25; 100 lbs $5; 
rnil/Cd. 200lbs. $9; 300 lbs. 513. 
500lbs. $21.12. No orders filled for 
less than 40 lbs. on this CO day trial 
offer. Never sold in bulk- only ia 
Trade-Marked Sal-Vet packages. 
Shipments for 60 days’ trial are 
based on 1 lb. of Sal-Vet for each 
sheep or hog. and 4 lbs. for each 
horse or head cf cattle, as near aa 
we can com.- without breaking reg¬ 
ular sizo packa -os. 
my risk before you pay. 
Send No Money—Just the Coupon 
Fill out the coupon at right—tell mo how many bead 
of stuck you bavo aud l'U »end you enough •‘Sal-Vet’' to last 
all your stock 60 days. You simply pay the freight charges 
when it arrives. If it fails to do what 1 claim. I’U cupcel the .. 
charge—you won t owe mo a penny. Address .r 
SIDNEY R. FEIL, Pres. 
/ SIDNEY R. FEIL, Pres. 
/ THE S» R- FEIL COMPANY 
/ Depf rny 7 "I 2 i 3 Cleveland. O. 
f Ship me enough Sal-Vet to last my stock 60 
days. 1 will pay the freight charges when it ar- 
• rives, report results in 60 days and will then pay 
for it if it does whst you claim. If it does not, 
you are to cancel the charge. 
,♦ Name. 
THE S. R. FEIL CO., Mfg. Cbem. 
/ F.O... 
Dept BNV 
Cleveland, O. / 
t* Shipping Sui. _ State. 
No. of Sheep _ Hogs - Cattle _ . 
