872 
THE RUKA.Iv N BW -YORKER 
tfiuy 2(i, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put Questions on a separate piece of paper.! 
TRUCKING ON MUCK LAND. 
The picture on the third page at Fig. 
319 shows a group of Hollanders trans¬ 
planting celery on a farm in W ayne 
County. New York. The Hollanders and 
Polocks seem to understand this work 
well, and with careful supervision they 
give fair satisfaction. They are at work 
on muck land, setting celery for the 
later crop. From this same land, Mr. 
W. P. Rogers, the owner, had already 
sold 77 tons of spinach this Spring. 
Thus thh celery means two crops per 
year on the same land, and it would 
probably be possible to sow rye later in 
the season, so that the land might be 
covered during the Winter. There are 
many parts of the country where farm¬ 
ers are utilizing swamp or muck land in 
this way. It will often happen that 
such pieces of land have for years been 
worse than an eyesore on the farm. By 
thorough drainage, and the use of lime, 
these low places are dried out and 
fitted so that they can be handled to 
advantage for certain crops, and when 
properly handled in this way they be¬ 
come by far the most productive spots 
on the whole farm. That is but natural, 
since these spots have been fertility traps 
for many years, catching and holding 
plant food, which has worked down 
from the higher lands. This plant food 
for many years was in much the con¬ 
dition of an unavailable money invest¬ 
ment, which could not be sold or turned 
over to advantage. Finally there comes 
a time when the capital locked up in 
these investments becomes available, and 
in like manner the time comes when the 
plant food in the muck swamp can be 
turned into money. Many a young man 
will find on father’s farm just such an 
opportunity to turn an eyesore and a 
loss into clear vision and a profit. 
Cover Crop in Corn. 
I have several acres of land that I 
broke up in Spring. You advise me to 
plant it to corn, and later to sow it 
to rye and clover or Cow-horn turnips, 
at last cultivation. After harrowing 
many times with disk, spring-tooth and 
smoothing harrow, I planted to corn, 
which is now about two feet high. I 
have been through it three times with 
the cultivator, although there were no 
weeds whatever, but to keep the ground 
stirred up. Now I am after more infor¬ 
mation. Would there be any advantage 
in sowing the rye and turnips, or clover, 
early, say August 1? The ground is as 
mellow as an ash heap, no weeds, as 
the early harrowing killed all seed, and 
can be sown and cultivated in at one 
time as well as another if it will answer. 
I wish to plow under the rye, etc., next 
Spring. H. J. i. 
Danielson, Conn. 
It will depend on the weather and soil. 
If it is very dry we would not sow the 
cover crop early for it will take too 
much moisture from the corn. In a wet 
season it will be an advantage to seed 
the cover crop by August 1, since it will 
make a much larger growth and the corn 
can be “laid by” earlier. In ease of dry 
weather we should keep the cover crop 
out until later and give the corn every 
chance to make its growth. 
Late Plowing in Orchards. 
I have an apple orchard 20 years old 
which has not had cultivation nor fer¬ 
tilizer for many years. I have owned 
it for three years, and because of wet 
weather and press of other work have 
been unable to plow it in the Spring, 
but have plowed it in July, at which 
time there was a rank growth to be 
turned under. After plowing, the ground 
has been seeded to clover, and this 
growth together with the weeds which 
grow up between the trees where the 
ground is not plowed, have been plowed 
under the next July. This Spring, as 
usual, I could not get the orchard plowed, 
and I am in doubt as to whether I should 
plow it now, or let the rank growth 
which covers the ground remain until 
next Spring and then turn it under. 
After reading in the R. N.-Y. the ac¬ 
count of Mr. Repp’s method I think it 
may be best to do the latter. As the 
growth to be turned under is so heavy 
I think it might be difficult to compact 
the ground after plowing, and that in 
consequence the soil may be made sour 
by the fermentation of the green matter 
turned under. I put ground rock phos¬ 
phate on the green crop when it is 
plowed under. Will you advise me what 
you think is best to do with this orchard 
now? The trees have made small growth 
this year, and their color is not so dark 
a green as it should be. The fruit crop 
is very small. Last year it was very 
large. e. g. s. 
Mayville, N. Y. 
In such a case we should mow this 
growth of weeds and clover and let it 
decay on the ground. It is now too 
late to plow such an orchard for best 
results. Cultivation or plowing should 
be done in the early part of the season 
to start early growth. Then this growth 
should be stopped and hardened by per¬ 
mitting a cover crop to occupy the soil. 
The reverse of this with the cover crop 
in the early season and the plowing 
later would be a mistake in most cases. 
You must remember that in Mr. Repp’s 
orchard full culture is given early and 
the weeds come in during the latter part 
of the season. We judge that the clover 
and weeds have robbed your trees and 
are responsible for the light color and 
open growth. The mulch on the ground 
will help this. 
Propagating Red Currant. 
Can slips be taken from red currant 
bushes and when is the best time to 
do so? E B. 
Westwood, N. J. 
Currants are propagated by hardwood 
cuttings taken in Spring or Fall. It is 
good practice to take them around Sep¬ 
tember 1, or as soon as the leaves drop; 
commercially the leaves are often strip¬ 
ped off, a week or so before taking the 
cuttings, if they have not already fallen. 
The cuttings are made six to 10 inches 
long, and are either planted at once, 
or tied in bundles and buried, butts up, 
with two or three inches of soil over 
them. They ai'e then either given a 
deeper covering over Winter, when cold 
weather begins, or taken up and kept 
in the cellar, buried in moss. Some¬ 
times they are buried for a few weeks, 
and then planted the same Fall, as it 
is believed that this process favors the 
forming of the callus. However, it is 
satisfactory to plant the cuttings right 
after making them, setting them deep, 
so that only one or two buds protrude 
from the ground. At the approach of 
cold weather they should be given some 
sort of mulch, either of litter or soil, 
which should be drawn away from the 
tips in Spring. If Spring planting is 
decided on, it must be done very early, 
as growth begins with the first favor¬ 
able weather. 
SOUTHWESTERN FARM NOTES. 
A Texas district judge recently ren¬ 
dered a decision which, if upheld by 
the higher courts, promises to introduce 
an era of competition in the express busi¬ 
ness. Judge Pearson has ordered the 
“Katy" railroad to accept the business 
of the newly formed Empire Express 
Company, holding that every railroad is 
compelled, as a public carrier, to render 
equitable service to all who may apply 
for it. This seems nothing more than 
simple justice, and the existing express 
companies, threatened on one hand by 
the parcel post and on the other by open 
competition from newly-formed com¬ 
panies which may en.er the field if this 
decision is upheld, will be compelled to 
cheapen their rates and render better 
service. 
On page 779 appears a very interesting 
account of the work of the Ozark Fruit 
Growers’ Association. This is one of 
the most successful co-operative organi¬ 
zations in the Southwest, and a great 
part of its success has been won by 
refusing, so far as possible, to consign 
its shipments. This is done by holding 
out firmly for an outright sale before 
the fruit is started on its way to market. 
P. A. Rodgers, the manager of this as¬ 
sociation. in speaking of the advantage 
of “track sales” over consigning, says: 
“I have tried both selling and consigning 
for myself and for the local associations 
which sow sell through our central or¬ 
ganization, and I am convinced beyond 
any doubt that selling brings better re¬ 
sults than consigning. For instance, in 
190(>, when we were just beginning our 
fight to cut down consignments, we sold 
28S cars on the track and consigned 272. 
The cars consigned averaged exactly $1 
per crate, while the cars sold on track 
brought $1.6(5—a gain of GC5 cents per 
crate.” In short, when growers consign 
their produce every car sent out comes 
in competition with every other car sent 
out, while by holding out firmly for an 
actual sale of the car before it leaves the 
shipping station the competition is among 
the buyers instead of the sellers—cer¬ 
tainly a most desirable result, but one 
which can only be brought about by 
an organization strong enough to domi¬ 
nate the situation. MAURICE Fi.OYD. 
Texas. 
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and 
those who till it.”—.4 dr. 
E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS 
*| OC7 (The Business Farmer’s Standard 1Q1Q 
lODc For Over Fifty-five Years) 
FOR MID-SUMMER AND 
FALL SEEDING 
THE WHEAT, RYE and GRASS CROPS in New York, New 
Jersey and Pennsylvania have a farm value, according to U. S. Government 
Reports, of nearly $200,000,000.00. 
The days of cheap wheat are ended, and as the demand is growing 
heavier and heavier each year it is plain that the farmers of the East, who are 
near to the markets and who are able to produce vastly greater crops, taken 
acre for acre, than their brethren in the West, are to reap the benefits. 
For fifty-five years past, E. Frank Coe Fertilizers have been building up 
the lands of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, until today these lands 
are the banner grain fields of the country. 
Remember that the last of August or first of September is 
the best time to seed down to GRASS. 
Remember, also, that ALFALFA has practically the same feeding value as 
wheat bran, and that there is no longer any mystery about raising Alfalfa if 
you fertilize properly. 
Above all, remember that E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS are 
made from the best of materials, properly proportioned and blended, and that 
they will lift your crops above the “ average ” or the “ ordinary ” and put them 
jn the class of the real money makers. 
Helpful literature and the assistance of our farm experts 
are yours for the asking. 
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY 
51 CHAMBERS STREET NEW YORK 
Wood’s High-Grade Seeds. 
Crimson Clover 
The King of Soil Improvers, 
also makes splendid fail, 
winter and spring grazing, 
the earliest green feed, or 
a good hay crop. 
CRIMSON CLOVER will increase 
the productiveness of the land more 
than twenty times as much as the same 
amount spent in commercial fertilizers. 
Can be sown by itself or at the last 
working of com, cotton or other cultiva¬ 
ted crops. 
We are headquarters for 
Crimson Clover, Alfalfa, 
Winter Vetch, and all 
Farm Seeds, 
Write for prices and Descriptive 
Fall Catalog, giving information 
about all seeds for fall sowing. 
T. W. WOOD & SONS, 
Seedsmen, - Richmond, Va. 
CRIMSON CLOVER 
The great soil improver and valuable for early 
green food, grazing and hay crop- Special 
circular free, also sample and price of seed 
sent on request. 
Alfalfa 
High-grade Am ican grown seed. Write for 
sample and price of seed, also a copy of our 
Alfalfa Leaflet, free. If in need of Farm Seeds 
of any kind, please write to us for prices. 
HENRY A. DREER 
.-PHILADELPHIA, PA.- 
For Sale—Alfalfa Soil 
for inoculation. Send for circular. 
E. T. GILL, Haddon Farms. Haddonfield, N. J. 
Hardy Seed Wheat 
Finest seed wheat, all cleaned, graded 
and tested. Grown in the heart of the 
most prolific wheat soi 1 in the world — 
the fertile valleys of Lancaster county. 
Graded Seeds Mean Bigger Crops 
You can easily grow ,H0 to 40 bushela 
per acre. Many varieties, smooth and 
bearded—and all big, heavy yieldera. 
They possess wonderftil vitality. 
Valuable Wheat Catalog — Free. I sell 
direct from farm to you. No middle, 
man's profits. Money back and all 
charges paid if not satisiied. _ 
A^H^HOFFl^ICBo^30JLandi8ville^LancaBt«^o^^aJ 
GASOLINE ENGINES 
for PUMPING WATER 
The above picture shows our Combined Engine 
and Pump, and is one of the many types of outfits 
shown in our catalog. You need, right on your farm, one of our 
engines, as it will save you much hard work and earn you money, 
you can use the above outfit also for spraying, and then have the 
engine for any other work. Write us today, tell us what you want 
to do with an engine and get prices, and also the FIRST buyer 
in each locality gets a special price r '* now. write us todav. 
Waterloo Engine Works, 202 Fulton St., N.Y. City 
PahhafyA Lettuce, Kohl-rabi. 
vdDuagC rianis $i per 1000. Tomato, Sweet 
Potatoes, $1.50 per 1000. Cauliflower. Peppers, $2 jh i 
1000. Send for list. J. C. SCHMIDT, Bristol, Pa 
Standard Apple Barrels 
Car lots or less. ROBT. GILLIES, Meilina, N. \ 
For July, August anti 
Strawberry PlantsliWXt t»'|; 
1 CATALOGUE FREE 
HARRY L, SQUIRES, Good Ground, N. V. 
BOOKS WORTH BUYING 
Agriculture nnd Chemistry, Storer 
Fertility of the I,and Roberts. 
Fertilizers, Voorhees . 
Fertilizers and Crops, Van Slyke. 
Manures, Semper . 
Ifow Crops Feed, Johnson. 
Soils, Hilgard . 
Meadows and Pastures, Wing. 
Physics of Agriculture, King.... 
Weeds of Farm and Garden, Paimnel. 
Drainage for Profit and Health. Waring 100 
Irrigation Farming, Wilcox. 
. $5.00 
. 1.50 
, 1.25 
. 2.50 
. .40 
. 1.50 
. 4.00 
. 1.50 
. 1.75 
1.50 
HP Dill? A! NFW.VOPkFR 
