876 
1913. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
You can probably buy these 
whips at your local dealer’s. 
If he doesnothavethem.urge 
him to get one for you. 
UNITED STATES WHIP CO. t 
Westfield, / 
Mass. 
IRON ACE DIGGERS 
Whrels. 32 or 28 inch. Elevator, sa or 
20 inches wide Thorough separation 
without injury to the crop. Best two 
wheel fore truck. Right adjustment 
of plow, shifts in gear from the seat. 
Can be backed,turns short into next row. 
Ask your dealer about them and 
write us lor descriptive booklet. 
_ BATEMAN 
\ M’F’G CO. 
Box 1C20 
/ftYt fcrnj Grenloch, N. 3. 
No 155 
For 
Heaviest 
Conditions 
FERTILIZING THE COVER CROP. 
The picture at Fig. 321 shows work 
in a Wayne Co., N. Y., orchard. They 
are sowing fertilizer with a one-horse 
drill. This same drill is used for spread¬ 
ing lime earlier in the season: 
Some of our best growers are trying a 
new plan of handling the orchard. The 
cover crop is plowed under in Spring 
and a fair dressing of lime put on the 
furrows. Then thorough cultivation be¬ 
gins and is kept up until mid-summer or 
until the trees have made as much wood 
as the owner desires. Then the cover 
crop is seeded and the fertilizer is applied 
to this cover crop. Formerly the ferti¬ 
lizer was used in Spring to feed the trees 
directly. The later plan is to feed the 
cover crop and get as much of a growth 
as possible to plow under. This makes 
section, although it will be some time be¬ 
fore the southern farmer forgets what he 
owes to the lowly cow pea, and what it 
is capable of doing for him. The difficulty 
in curing the hay and the ravages of the 
weevil have been the drawbacks in raising 
them, and both these undesirable features 
are said to be eliminated in growing Soy 
beans. As we have not grown them our¬ 
selves, we cannot vouch for these two 
strong points in favor, but feel that if 
anything of the sort can be grown in the 
South without being infested with weevil, 
it is certainly worth having. At any rate, 
there are ample reasons why both of these 
legumes should have a place on every 
farm in this section, and in many in¬ 
stances, they already do. 
Generally speaking, crops are very good 
in this county this year, corn especially is 
DRILLING FERTILIZER IN A NEW YORK ORCHARD, Fig. 321. 
more organic matter for the soil and if 
clover or vetch are used—more nitrogen 
to feed the trees. 
CROWING CROPS UNDER “SHADE 
ALABAMA. 
A few companies, organized 
purpose of growing tobacco under 
in this county having, for the 
least, discontinued the culture 
weed, are this season testing 
IN 
for the 
“shade” 
time at 
of the 
a va¬ 
riety of other crops in the enclosure 
that had been fitted up and formerly 
used for the tobacco. The picture (Fig. 
232) shows .Soy beans growing under such 
conditions, view taken about middle of 
•lane. The same grower also had a 
bumper crop of cucumbers under same 
shade; the latter were not as much in¬ 
jured by an unseasonable late frost as 
SOWING RYE IN CORN. 
You are everlastingly hammering at 
cover crops. Do they work in rotations 
in which oats follow corn? Would rye 
or anything else get enough of a start 
SOY BEANS IN THE ABANDONED TOBACCO SUED. Fig. 232. 
were .those grown in the open, the 
hoarded-up sides of the enclosure pro¬ 
tecting the young vines from the chilling 
'•ind, and the slatted top keeping off 
considerable of the frost itself. The 
s uil on which these crops were planted 
Lid been thoroughly cultivated, limed, 
and fertilized the two previous seasons, a 
high-grade fertilizer having been applied 
at the rate of a ton to the acre for the 
tobacco, so that, with proper preparation 
" ,is h'PT'ng, it was in prime condition for 
growing almost anything one wished to 
plant on it. 
1 he Soy bean bids fair to become a 
not* u oi thy rival of the cow pea in this 
to pay a profit on sowing before time to 
plow for oats? Your idea looks very 
sensible, but 1 wonder if it would work 
in our rotation. c. D. ji. 
Cover crops pay wherever bare ground 
is left through Fall or Winter. The ob¬ 
ject of the cover crop is not alone to fur¬ 
nish humus to the soil. It saves fertility 
as well. During the warm, moist weather 
of late Summer and early Fall nitrates are 
freely formed from the organic matter in 
the soil. These nitrates are soluble iu 
water and will be washed or drained out 
of the soil unless there are living plants 
to use them. \\ bile corn is growing 
these nitrates are used up about as fast 
as they are made. When the corn is cut 
and the soil is left bare the nitrates are 
still formed, but unless there are living 
plants growing in the soil, this plant 
food will be lost. Experiments have 
shown that the drainage waters carried 
away from one acre nearly 40 pounds of 
nitrogen in one year. The larger part 
of this was lost during the Fall. Thus 
when we seed rye in the corn we cover 
the ground with a living crop and after 
the corn is cut the rye goes on saving 
the nitrates. True, weeds would do part 
of this work up to the time frost killed 
them, but the nitrates would still be 
formed until the soil froze solid. The rye 
holds this plant food safely until, when 
it is plowed under in the Spring, it de¬ 
cays and gives up these nitrates to the 
oats or other crops. There will often be 
heavy losses unless the soil is constantly 
occupied by living plants. In another 
way the rye will help by helping to dry 
out the soil in Spring. Those who have 
never seen it grow can have little idea 
of the way rye sucks water from the soil. 
It will dry out wet soil like a drain. 
said to be the best ever grown here, those 
who grew tobacco report an excellent 
yield of fine quality. Garden truck plen¬ 
tiful and good. Many large orchards of 
oranges, figs, peaches, pecans, etc., have 
been set during the past eight months, 
and are making a splendid growth. We 
are glad to assure our northern brethren 
who are interested in this part of the 
Gulf coast country, that Baldwin county 
is forging to the front, and its growth, 
while perhaps not as rapid as some 
western sections, is substantial and not 
of the “mushroom” variety. g. ii. f. 
HORSE MANURE AND FLIES. 
About manure in the Summer time; 
why don’t farmers plow up a little patch 
close to the barn, plant it to corn, and 
wheel out their stable manure and top 
dress it ? That is the way we are doing, 
and it certainly keeps ns free from 
flies. The only time we are bothered 
with house flies is when the wind brings 
them in from barns where the manure is 
kept in the good old-fashioned way. 
Manure used our way bothers the cul¬ 
tivator very little, while the hens see 
that no flies fly. They do not injure the 
corn either after it gets three or four 
inches high. c. D. ii. 
Ohio. 
We presume this horse manure is 
wheeled out day by day, spread between 
the rows and cultivated in. This thor¬ 
ough working with what the hens do iu 
addition, will get rid of most of the fly 
eggs. No use talking, the way to thin 
out the fly crop is to take care of the 
horse manure, so as to keep down the 
crop of eggs. 
ORCHARD FERTILIZER TEST. 
Does It Mean Nitrogen ? 
4 nis is a fertilizer test for nine years 
with Ben Davis. The trees were 2G years 
old in 1H12. The fertilizer is applied all 
over the orchard till it was ten feet past 
the fertilized row. The next 20 fe«'t to 
the unfertilized row has had no fertilizer 
and on other side of unfertilized row 
the fertilizer starts 20 feet out from the 
row and 10 feet from the next row, con¬ 
tinuing uniformly through the orchard. 
The fertilizer was a fine grade potato for 
a year or so, then slag. Before the ex¬ 
periments started in 1003 the whole or¬ 
chard had manure at the rate of 20 tons 
per acre. Otherwise the use of nitrogen 
has been omitted till this Spring (1013). 
The land is sandy, with hardpan and 
sandy subsoil. The foliage is fair in 
quality and color. 
10 trees fertilized three years—1004-6. 
oi.n0 barrels; lOOi-O, 100.70 barrels; 
1010-12. 137 barrels; total for nine 
years. 304.20 barrels. 
1° .trees unfertilized three years—1004-6. 
6i.35 barrels; 1007-0, 112.55 barrels; 
1010-12. 128.05 barrels; total for nine 
years, 308.55 barrels. 
These apples were packed separately in 
1011 and 1012 as follows: 
1011 (1 barrels picked and fertilized, 
No. 1, 24.25 barrels; No. 2. 23.25 bar¬ 
rels; No. 3, 16.25 barrels. 
1012—10 barrels picked. No. 1. 13.50 
barrels; No. 2, 14.50 barrels; No. 3, 
15.75 barrels. 
120 barrels fertilized gave 37.75 No. 1; 
37.75 No. 2; 32 No. 3. 
1011—60 barrels unfertilized. No. 1. 
22.50 barrels; No. 2. 18.00 barrels; 
No. 3 , 16.25 barrels. 
1012 16 barrels. No. 1. 14.25 barrels; 
No. 2. 11.00 barrels; No. 3, 13.00 
barrels. 
106 barrels not fertilized gave 36.75 No. 
1; 29.00 No. 2; 29.25 No. 3. 
The mineral fertilizer appears to make 
more apples set but not become large 
enough to grade No. 1. Our pack of No. 
2' is almost as good as No. 1 save for 
size. I am using nitrate of soda and 
dried fish to see the effect on this year’s 
and next year’s crop. The cover crop 
where no fertilizer is used has been prac¬ 
tically non-existent for the last two 
years. The unfertilized row will receive 
no nitrogen. joiin kuciianan. 
Nova Scotia. 
When you write advertisers mention Tiib 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
& 
This Whip 
has a Red Rawhide Center 
from Snap through Cap 
Red Rawhide gives spring and wear 
to a buggy whip. It is the perfec¬ 
tion of whip centers. Do not 
confuse it with ordinary domestic 
rawhide. Red Rawhide comes from 
the East Indian Water Buffalo, and 
is treated by a process which makes 
it practically moisture-proof. This 
process, which is our trade secret, 
is only one detail that makes 
Red Rawhide 
Center Whips 
give longest and most satisfactory service, 
in workmanship, style and appearance they 
are unapproachable. Yet, notwithstand¬ 
ing their high quality, they are moder¬ 
ately priced. 
Red Rawhide Center Whips are made in 
the largest whip factory in the United 
States by workmen who have alifetime 
of experience as whip makers. 
Let Us Send You Proof 
of Their Quality 
If you want to know more about 
whips write us to-day for the 
famous "Westfield Test." It is 
conclusive proof that Red Raw- 
hide Centers are the kind you 
should buy. 
1913 mu*, 
trated 
Cata.og 
FEEE 
“MONARCH” 
Cider Press 
will net more money 
for you than any other 
investment you can 
make. lObbl. to 40C bbl. 
per day. Also makers 
of apple buttercookers, 
evaporators, etc. 
A. B. FARQUHAR CO., Ltd., Box 103, York. Pa. 
K CHAMPION DIGGERS 
4 Different Sizes and Types 
Our machines are designed 
and built to meet 
all conditions under 
which they may be 
worked. They em¬ 
body every point of 
construction which insures freedom from 
breakdowns, costly waits and expensive repair 
bills. Saves time in harvesting and saves 
money on your crop of potatoes. 
PQljgjMake inquiry. Write today for our 
rnCC Large Illustrated Catalogue 
giving particulars of the O. K. Champion Line. 
CHAMPION POTATO MACHINERY COMPANY 
151 Chicago Avenue, Hammond, Indiana 
This Easy Way. It Pays. 
The Farquhar Elevator Potato Digger does the 
wo-k of a crew o’ men. It frees all of the potatoes 
fro-n the soil, and lays them on top of the row 
ready for sacking. If you have an acre or more in 
potatoes, write for book on Potatoes and how to 
dig them, also bi*r new catalog of farm mochineiw. 
A. B. FARQUHAR CO„ Ltd. Box 200* York, Pa. 
