902 
THE RURAE NEW-YORKER 
August 2, 
Live Stock and Dairy 
HOGS IN A HOLLOW LOG. 
Most of our readers have heard the 
old political story of a man out in the 
woods who was overtaken by a thunder 
shower. There was no shelter, and in 
order to avoid getting wet he crawled 
into a hollow log. As this log was wet 
through, so the story goes, the wood be¬ 
gan to swell, and before he knew it this 
man was a prisoner on the inside of the 
log. In spite of his struggling he could 
not move either way, and still the log 
came swelling upon him. He finally gave 
up all hope, and began thinking of the 
things that he had done, and reviewing 
his past life. Finally he came to the 
thought that on one occasion he had 
voted for Andrew Jackson, and as the 
story goes, that thought made him feel 
so small that he crawled l-ight out of the 
log. Probably many thousands of Arneri- 
cans have laughed at this senseless joke, 
but the lady in white shown in picture 
could not see the point, for this mother 
hog has taken the hollow log shown in 
the picture for her home, and inside of 
it we might find a good-sized litter of 
four-footed babies, enjoying their nap 
while their mother is out for exercise. 
This is about the most remarkable hog¬ 
pen we ever saw. It is located on a 
gether too modest in the past about pre¬ 
senting the good qualities of their stock. 
They might 
well 
spend 
more 
time 
in 
making the 
facts 
known. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
% 
milk. 
fat. butter. 
fat. 
Mature form. 
. .10,590 
4X8.35 
492 
3.95 
Four year old 
form. . 
.. 8,876 
358.58 
413 
3.95 
Three year old 
form. 
.. 9.850 
378.71 
446 
3.84 
Two year old 
form.. 
. . 7,379 
315.48 
371 
4.28 
Whole, cows and heifers 9,429 
374.87 
441 
3.98 
IMPROVING THE FLOCK. 
In improving a flock of sheep the aver¬ 
age flock-owner places too much stress 
upon the importance of the breeding rams 
in the work of improving the flock. My 
experience in handling and bi’eeding 
sheep has convinced me that the only 
permanent improvement of the flock must 
be brought about through the dii’ect co¬ 
operation of the influence of both the 
ewe and the ram. The man who has a 
flock of inferior ewes of mixed breeding 
may bring about great improvement by 
the continued use of improved bi’eeding 
rams, but if this improvement is held or 
made permanent he must keep up a sys¬ 
tematic selection of the ewes that are 
kept for breeding purposes. As the flock 
more nearly reaches perfection the neces¬ 
sity of selecting the breeding ewes with 
equal consideration becomes more ap¬ 
parent. 
Every experienced flock-owner knows 
that among his breeding ewes that throw 
THERE IS NO PLACE LIKE HOME. 
farm in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, 
and while very much less expensive than 
one of the modern sanitary hogpens, we 
will guarantee that the happy family in¬ 
side of it will get a good start in the 
world, and grow up into lard and ham in 
a very satisfactory manner. The point 
is that the hog is a sensible animal. Give 
her a chance to be warm and dry, select 
her own quarters, and she will generally 
do better than when she is waited on and 
pampered with scientific treatment. 
AYRSHIRE CATTLE GAINING. 
It would seem that interest in Ayrshire 
cattle is growing. This Scotch breed has 
always been noted for certain rugged 
qualities, and for giving a good-sized mess 
of rich milk. Throughout the dairy dis¬ 
tricts of New York at one time the Ayr- 
shires and their grades were very promi¬ 
nent, and the pastures in that section 
were well dotted with the brown and 
white cattle. The boom for the Holsteins 
rather drove out the Ayrshires, as the 
black and white cattle gave larger quan¬ 
tities of thinner milk, and this milk was 
shipped to the cities. The Ayrshires of 
late years, however, have been gaining 
ground, and this gain has been made not 
through any extensive booming or blow¬ 
ing, but through real excellence on the 
part of the cattle. It seems to be ad¬ 
mitted that for large ranges or for hilly 
pastures, the Ayrshire cow is the leader, 
for she and her ancestors have been 
brought up to hustle and make a good 
showing under hard conditions. It is 
said that never before were the herds of 
Scotland so thoroughly searched for the 
best cows to be brought to this country, 
for our American breeders have finally 
waked up to the fact that there are great 
possibilities in the Ayrshires. Thorough 
testing has now been going on for some 
years, and an advance registry test has 
been established for these cattle. Secre¬ 
tary C. M. Winslow, of the Ayrshire 
Breeders’ Association, sends the follow¬ 
ing figures, giving the average tests for 
different classes of the cattle. This is a 
good showing for business dairy cows. 
The Ayrshire breeders have been alto- 
individuality into their progeny, there 
are two distinct classes, the positive 
and the passive. The positive possess an 
individuality by right of inheritance, and 
they are capable of adding to the blood 
line in volume and momentum. The pas¬ 
sive are perhaps lacking in both quality 
and breeding and simply serve as a chan¬ 
nel through which the -ram throws his 
type, and are unreliable as a breeding 
on or perpetuating force. 
This point is very forcibly illustrated 
by noting the results often obtained by 
mating a purebred ram with a flock of 
inferior ewes. The progeny will many 
times closely resemble the ram and for 
all we can see they are fully his equal in 
every respect, but if they are kept for 
breeding purposes, they cannot be relied 
upon to reproduce themselves in type or 
quality. Their dams of inferior breed¬ 
ing simply acted as channels through 
which the purebred sire threw his type, 
and they have added nothing to the vol¬ 
ume or momentum of the blood line. In 
the prospective breeding ewes we must 
have individuality and breeding if we se¬ 
cure the best results, and these must 
come from the two currents that compose 
their blood lines—great sires and great 
dams. 
In selecting breeding ewes there are a 
number of things that should be kept in 
mind, and no flockmaster can afford to 
go about the work ignoring their relative 
importance. The first point to look for 
in selecting breeding ewes is constitu¬ 
tional vigor. An animal that shows signs 
of constitutional weakness should be dis¬ 
carded at once for these qualities are very 
essential in the development of a good 
lamb. An ewe that is constitutionally 
weak can generally be detected by the 
appearance of her fleece, a narrow chest 
and dull, sluggish movements. If the 
appearance of the ewe does not satisfy 
you, catch her and examine her carefully, 
note the quality of her lambs, and if she 
does not measure up to the standard of 
quality you wish to maintain in your 
flock, put her in the fattening pen. There 
are many things to consider in deter¬ 
mining which ewes to keep over for an¬ 
other year, and it is an excellent plan to 
keep a record of the performance of each 
individual in the flock so that it may be 
referred to at the time the selections are 
being made for the next year’s breeding 
flock. On this record of performance 
should be noted the conditions, for some¬ 
times ewes lose their lambs for no other 
cause than negligence on the part of the 
flock-owner, and it is folly to discard a 
good ewe unless she is a failure under 
favorable conditions, as she is well worth 
another trial. The ability of an ewe to 
properly nourish her lambs is of great 
importance, for ewes that are inferior 
milkers are poor property. Of course the 
kind and quality of food given the ewes 
during pregnancy frequently affects their 
milking qualities during an entire season, 
but in the majority of cases we are com¬ 
pelled to rely upon the quality of the 
lamb in determining the value of the ewe 
as a future member of the breeding flock. 
Breeding ewes that are in any way 
diseased should not be kept in the breed¬ 
ing flock, for their progeny are apt to 
inherit such disease and transmit it to 
their progeny. There is plenty of diffi¬ 
culty with disease in a flock of sheep 
without inviting and fostering the very 
elements that will destroy the results of 
systematic selection. None but the best 
and most vigorous individuals that are 
free from all hereditary diseases should 
be selected for breeding purposes, if we 
aim to build up a good uniform and prof¬ 
itable flock. Great regard should be paid 
to the size and general contour of the 
ram that is selected to head the flock. 
Ilis structure should be firm and massive 
with a broad and capacious breast, with¬ 
out a disproportionate length of legs, well 
formed and fully developed quarters, es¬ 
pecially the hindquarters. His loin 
should be stout and well knit; his fea¬ 
tures bold and masculine. A firm, mus¬ 
cular neck with a bold courageous eye are 
indicative of spirit and vigor. The head 
should be long, but rather small and 
finely moulded. These appearances de¬ 
note excellent qualities in rams of every 
breed. I do not believe in selecting an 
extremely large ram, nor those that are 
weak in one point and strong in another. 
Study the breeding ewes and select a ram 
that will have a tendency to correct any 
weaknesses or defects that they possess. 
In the purchase of the ram great care 
should be exercised as to what his ap¬ 
pearance would be when in a normal con¬ 
dition, for it is unsafe to rely upon the 
form or appearance of sheep, when these 
have been created by high and unnatural 
feeding or external applications. It is 
more than likely that their progeny will 
be injured rather than made better by 
such methods. While the selection of 
the ram is of great importance, yet I do 
not believe he represents as large a fac¬ 
tor in the improvement of a flock of 
sheep as many writers would have us be¬ 
lieve, especially when the flock is well 
bred and the ewes nearly as good in qual¬ 
ity as the purebred rams that are used 
to continue the work of further improve¬ 
ment. W. M. KELLEY. 
SPRAY PUMP “DIPPING.” 
We have found a new way of apply¬ 
ing sheep dip. Up to two years ago we 
have used a dipping tank, and I had 
made a concrete tank and drainage floors. 
We always had some ticks left over at 
shearing time. Lately, however, we tried 
using the spray pump. We used the 
hand pump, an eight-foot extension rod 
and an adjustable nozzle, and used rather 
a coarse spray. One needs a nozzle eas¬ 
ily cleaned as there is a tendency to clog. 
We put the sheep in a room in the barn 
20x20 and they moved around as spray 
was applied till all were covered. We 
used soon after the sheep were shorn and 
used dip somewhat stronger than direc¬ 
tions call for. We sprayed 200 sheep 
in less than one-quarter the time it takes 
to dip. We used twice about a week 
apart and this season when sheep were 
shorn not a single tick was found. 
Ohio. M. L. P. 
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