1913. 
THE NEW-YORKER 
00*4 
Milk 
Jobbing Prices at New York. 
Restaurants using two to five cans per 
day are now paying five to 5*4 cents for 
class B, pasteurized milk. 
THE PROFIT IN DAIRYING. 
Under the title “The Financial Stimu¬ 
lus in City Milk Production,” the Geneva, 
N. Y., State Experiment Station has 
recently issued a bulletin which offers 
some encouragement to New York dairy¬ 
men ; not because it repeats the thread¬ 
bare statement that a considerable pro¬ 
portion of New York dairy cows are 
producing milk at a loss to their owners, 
and adjures these owners to discard these 
unprofitable cows and replace them with 
large producers, but because it places 
the stamp of official recognition upon a 
fact long known to all intelligent dairy¬ 
men, and Cates it in a way, and from a 
source, that will receive attention from 
many who need information upon this 
subject, but will accept it only when 
driven in by the maul of an experiment 
station. 
This fact is concisely stated as fol¬ 
lows: “Under tie present financial con¬ 
ditions the wholesale price of city milk 
is not high enough to yield the average 
owner of a dairy a satisfactory interest 
upon his investment. Therefore he is 
compelled to supply the cheapest grade 
of milk that the market will accept with¬ 
out reducing the purchase price.” 
In proof of this statement the authors 
of this bulletin offer figures based upon 
a study of conditions pertaining to the 
milk supply of the city of Geneva; a 
town of about 13,000 people supplied by 
600 cows distributed among 41 dairies. 
These figures will apply as fairly to other 
sections of the State as the different con¬ 
ditions in other localities permit, prob¬ 
ably the only serious exception being in 
the comparative prices of land. Geneva 
being located in one of the garden sec¬ 
tions of the State, the price of surround¬ 
ing farm lands is higher than it will 
average generally, it being conservatively 
estimated at $100 per acre. To get at 
the average value of the cows was more 
difficult, estimates ranging from $65 to 
$100, but $80 per head was taken as 
fairly accurate and certainly corresponds 
to the price of good cows in other sec¬ 
tions though it indicates the presence of 
few scrubs in Geneva’s dairy herds. It 
was unanimously agreed that in this re¬ 
gion a well-balanced dairy farm needs to 
devote five acres to each cow, and that 
the equipment of such a farm in addition 
to the cows and buildings will cost at 
least $20 per acre. The capital invested 
in the city distributing end of the busi¬ 
ness is given as $50,000. These figures 
may be thus summarized: 
Cows—000 at $80. $4S,000 
Land and buildings—3,000 acres 
at $100 . 300,000 
Equipment—3,000 acres at $20 
per acre . 00.000 
City distributors . 50,000 
Total .$45S,000 
The above estimates were considered 
exceedingly conservative, it being the 
real conviction of the authors that they 
should be at least 10 per cent higher. 
Taking the exact population of the city 
as 12,574, the above dairy capitalization 
amounts to $30.42 per capita, and from 
the dairymen’s standpoint to $763 per 
cow, of which the producer furnishes $080 
and the retailer $83. 
While it was recognized that the exact 
margin of profit of any individual pro¬ 
ducer could not be calculated without 
definite knowledge of the amount invest¬ 
ed, cost of operation, and returns, the 
average financial returns from the busi¬ 
ness as a whole could be determined from 
the general data and were even more in¬ 
structive than figures applying to a few 
individuals. The income from these 
dairies is almost entirely limited to the 
sale of milk and veal calves and to the 
accumulation of fertilizer, the amount of 
milk produced per cow being estimated 
from the receipts of the two largest re¬ 
tailers as 2,800 quarts or (5.020 pounds 
yearly. This is much above the estimated 
average production of 4,500 pounds 
yearly per eow, but was to be expected 
as many of these herds are composed of 
carefully selected high-priced cows. 
- dairymen have been receiving 
.rom 3.5 to four cents per quart, accord- 
mg to the scoring of their dairies, and 
careful records of one herd producing al¬ 
most exactly 2,800 quarts per cow show 
that the cost of foods consumed by the 
cows lias been steadily increasing, cost- 
mg in 1908 2.09 cents per quart of milk 
produced. If the producer who has an 
investment of $(580 per cow is to receive 
s ! x per cent upon his investment he 
should get $40.80 per year or 1.45 cents 
Per quart to pay the interest upon this 
investment. As the food costs 2.09 and 
the interest upon the investment is 1.45 
cents per quart, the total of 3.54 cents 
Quart must be deducted from the 
holesale price of the milk to determine 
he balance left to pay other expenses, 
it is evident, therefore, that the producer 
who is selling his milk at 3.5 cents per 
quart is getting a trifle less than the 
value.of the veal and the fertilizer to pay 
ei las labor. One who gets four cents 
Per quart has a margin of .46 cents per 
quart in addition to the veal and the 
enuizer to balance his running expenses. 
The financial situation of the average 
producer is summarized in the following 
statement, “He spends his time in grow¬ 
ing crops to make milk to get fertilizer 
to grow more crops to make more milk 
to get more fertilizer.” “And he con¬ 
tinues in business because he accepts 
less than six per cent upon his capital in¬ 
vested.” It might also have been added 
that he often continues in business be¬ 
cause he is willing that other members of 
his family should work for nothing, and 
he is compelled to let his farm and build¬ 
ings deteriorate from lack of necessary 
income to keep them up while supporting 
his family. 
According to this bulletin the produc¬ 
er’s financial salvation lies in increasing 
the productivity of his land to the point 
where it requires less than five acres to 
support a cow ; to increasing the produc¬ 
tivity of his cows; and partly to the pos¬ 
sibility of an increased wholesale price 
for his milk. This latter phase of the 
solution is rather timidly suggested as a 
remote possibility; it being evident that 
the authors have not entirely gotten 
away from the obsession that an in¬ 
creased production of food products 
rather than a fair proportion of the retail 
price received for what is already pro¬ 
duced is to prove the financial salvation 
of the farmer. 
A study of the retailer’s end of the 
business leads to the conclusion that their 
margin of profit is not overly wide, the 
largest retailing company in Geneva hav¬ 
ing never paid over seven per cent upon 
its stock, and detailed statements from 
one of the largest retailers of Boston 
showing that it costs them 4.77 cents per 
quart to handle milk. This latter state¬ 
ment is rather startling in view of the 
report made in 1910 by the Attorney- 
General of New York State who found 
after investigation that the Borden Con¬ 
densed Milk Company showed net profits 
<>n fluid milk for the nine months ending 
September 29, 1909, of $779,407.92, and 
that they had paid a six per cent divi¬ 
dend nearly every year for ten years be¬ 
side creating a surplus of about $8,000,- 
000. It was incidentally shown that the 
capital stock of this company was $25,- 
000,000, of which $15,000,000 was issued 
for patents, trade-marks, and good will; 
a percentage of water in their stock 
which if added by dairymen to their 
product would land them all in prison. 
This bulletin from which I have quoted 
was not written primarily to show the 
lack of profit in milk production under 
ordinary circumstances, but rather to 
discuss the effect of a graded price for 
milk based upon the sanitary conditions 
under which it is produced, and should be 
read in its entirety to get the lesson 
which its authors desired to teach. I 
have selected only such parts as bear 
upon the subject suggested by the title 
of this article; wishing to emphasize two 
statements made as part of the conclu¬ 
sions reached by the authors of the bulle¬ 
tin, viz., “At present prices the margin 
of profit in the production of milk is so 
narrow that the farmers cannot afford to 
act the part of philanthropists by the 
production of a higher grade of milk than 
the market demands and is willing to pay 
for.” “On the other hand, the farmers 
have a business sense which quickly 
leads them to produce the grade of prod¬ 
uct for which they can obtain the largest 
margin of profit.” 
The truth of this latter statement 
seems impossible of comprehension by 
economists who would pass laws to for¬ 
bid the killing of calves because of the 
scarcity of beef, and who cannot see why 
the waste fields of the East are not cov¬ 
ered with sheep when the cities are in 
such need of mutton. The farmer is as 
selfish as any other business man and will 
as eagerly grasp at any opportunity to 
make money, lie may be conservative, 
but it is a conservatism born of hard 
experience, lie has been an unwilling 
philanthropist too long, and he will not 
seize the eagerly offered opportunity to 
double his production for the benefit of 
others until he is assured that the aug¬ 
mented labor and expense of such in¬ 
creased production will be in some meas¬ 
ure recompensed. it. B. DEAN'. 
Cow Milks Herself. 
What will stop a cow from sucking 
herself? I have a two-year-old Jersey 
that has the habit. a. m. 
New Jersey. 
Most dairy supply stores sell a cow 
bit or weaner that is fairly effective. A 
reader states that he puts an old horse 
collar on the cow’s neck, and that thus 
harnessed she is unable to milk herself. 
Several carloads of cattle have been 
shipped from our station this year and 
recently a carload of cows was loaded. 
They were cows to freshen this Fall 
from September to October, and sold for 
$50 to $70 a head, according to size, color 
and age and quality of cow. Purebred 
Holsteins •are selling for $150 to $225 
a head; calves, grades, nine cents per 
pound; purebred calves, $50 to $75 a 
head, four to six months old. Pigs, 
eight cents per pound; rough hogs, 6^; 
bulls, 414 . Milk, $1.25 per hundred at 
the milk station. Cheese retails at 20 
to 22 cents, and storekeepers say they 
have to pay 18 to 20 cents per pound, 
but wholesale price or what the farmer 
gets is 14 cents per pound. Butter the 
farmers get 26 cents for, sells at 28 to 
30 cents. Eggs, 22 cents per dozen. Old 
potatoes. 90 cents per bushel, f. w. t. 
Alfred Station, N. Y. 
. . v — 
ANIMALS' 
FRIEND 
Keeps flies and 
other insect pests off 
of animals—in barn or 
pasture—longer than any im¬ 
itation. Used and endorsed 
since 1S85 by leading dairy¬ 
men and farmers. 
$1 WORTH SAVES$20-0O 
in milk and flesh on each 
cow in a single season. Heals sores, stops itching and pre¬ 
vents infection. Nothing better for galls. Kills lice and 
mites in poultry houses. 
send enough Shoo-Fly to protect 
200 cows, also our 3-tube gravity sprayer without 
extra charge. Money back if not satisfactory. Name 
Express Office. Booklet FREE. Special terms to agents. 
Shoo-Fly Mfg. Co., Dept.P, 1310 N. 10th St.. Phila. 
93 AMERICAN 
Upward CREAM 
SEPARATOR 
FREE TRIAL. FULLY GUARANTEED. 
Easy running. Easily cleaned. 
Whether dairy is large or small, 
obtain our handsome free catalog. Address 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. »i..n.r. 
50 STALLIONS 
and MARES, $250 to $1000 each 
Write for my Illustrated 
Circular telling why I can save 
you money on the purchase of a Per- 
chcron or Belgian Stallion or Mare. 
A.W.Green,Middlefield,0. 
R. R. Sta., E. Orwell, on Penna. Ry, 
Midway between Ashtabula & Warren 
DAIB.Y CATTLE 
FOR SAlE- E ”,nT^ JERSEY BULL 
dropped August, 1911. For pedigree and further par¬ 
ticulars apply H. D. K., P. 0. Box 1907, New York City 
Breed Up—Not DownTo»‘ 7 c.“”“,S?i v " 
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. It. F. 
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street,Pittsburg, Pa. 
If You Want Guernseys 
GUERNSEY BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION, Box 96. Peekskill.N. Y, 
Holstein-Friesian Bui! Calves F f °o r Sisl s e P 
offer. THE GATES HOMESTEAD FARM. Chittenango, N.Y. 
The WARNERS AYRSHIRES for Sale 
UNCAS OF HICKORY ISLAND, No. 12740, dropped Decem¬ 
ber 12. 1909, by Osceola of Hickory Island, a son of 
Olga Fox, No. 18545. and grandson of Lnkalela, No. 
12357 (12187 lbs- milk, 543 lbs. butter) and grandson 
of Lady Fox, No. 9669 (12299 lbs. milk, 624 lbs- but¬ 
ter). Descended also from such individuals ns Lord 
Dudley of Drumsuie, No. 7552, Glencairu 3d and 
Kirsty Wallace of Auchentrain, champion cow in 
milk tests at Buffalo Exhibition. Young stock for 
sale. Address, MANAGER WARNERS, Ipswich, Mass. 
SWI3XTE 
Large Berkshires at Highwood 
Bred Sows, Service Boars, Pigs all ages. Ninety 
brood sows and seven mature herd boars in our 
brooding herd. No animal good enough unless 
large enqngh. We have the large, long-bodied and 
good-headed kind that make good in the farrowing 
pen as well as show ring. 
H. C. & H. B. Harpending;, Dundee, N. Y. 
Springbank Berkshire Herd 
BIG BEllKSHIRKS I have bred more high- 
class hogs than any breeder in Connecticut. Wat- 
sou's Masterpiece No. 123931 at head of herd. Noth¬ 
ing for sale but March and April pigs at present. 
J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbled ale, Ct. 
CHESHIRES 
—T he pig that keeps 
well and strong if yon 
give him a chance. 
I Morningside Farm.Sylvania.Pa, 
Rnarc fnr Q 0 1 a — A limited number large English 
DUClIo iUI OdlC Yorkshire Boars; 8 weeks old, $10; 
four months old, $15. Registered, f.o.h. Hamilton, 
N. Y. FRANK T00KE, Morneylight Farm, Hamilton, N. Y. 
SALE— Choice Duroc Jersey Boar Pigs 
4 months old. None better. J. H. LEWIS, Cadiz, Ohio 
S HELDON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex 
Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding 1 
C. K. BARNES. Oxford, N. V. 
i 
CUREKA STOCK FARM- 
L Registered Jersev 
Bulls and Heifers. 
2 mos. to 2 years old. 
Chester White, Po¬ 
land China and Berk¬ 
shire Pigs, all ages. 
Collie Pups and a 
variety of POULTR 
EDWARD WALTER. West Chester. Pa. 
Alfalfa Lodge Yorkshires 
Large English White—Short-nose type. Special 
sale Boar pigs. Ten dollars each. Trios not akin. 
JOHN G. CURTIS, Box 272, Rochester.N.Y. 
Mil V T|P|^CTQ—Express Prepaid. Samples Free. 
”■ * —■ I I w IV fc. I O Travers llrolbers, Gardner, Bias*. 
S XX E E 
] 
FAR 811 F~ 17 registered sheep. 6 
r un UHLC LAMBS, Lincoln stock- R. B. WARD. 
Inquire for Supt. Quaker Ridge Road. New Rochelle, N.Y. 
Hampshire-Down Sheep~ Re - gi ~ te, ' ed 
SALE. Write for pi'ices. 
it A MS FOR 
ELLIS TIGER, Gladstone, N. J. 
IMPROVE YOUR FLOCK with a good ’’ SHROPSHIRE " or 
1 sniiTWinwii ram f rom the NIAGARA STOCK FARM. 
' SOUTHDOWN’ _ 
J. C. DUNCAN. Mgr., 
Lewiston, N. ¥. 
RSKftTS OXFORD DOWN RAMS 
of excellent breeding and fine appearance. M 
FRANK A. DENTON, - Wingdale, N Y. 
; DAIRY OATTIiE 
sa? e -A Finely Bred Young Jersey Bulhfc 
Solid color, nearly sixteen months old. Sire- 
Fairy Glen’s Raleigh. Dam-Gedney Farm Royal 
Rose. Also two Jersey Cows and two Heifers, 
all registered, and all in fine condition. SETH 
NICHOLS, Laurelwood, Princeton, Mass. 
DAIRYMEN 
You Want tlio COW which will Produce 
PROFIT iu Winter as Well as Summer 
Then get the 
Guernsey 
The American Guernsey Cattle Club 
Box Y PETERBORO, N. H. 
$125 registered GUERNSEY UULL 
three years old; son of ' Masher's Flavinius ” and 
grandson of " Masher’s Sequel ”, out of 45-pound 
cow; tuberculin tested, Also younger bulls at bar¬ 
gains. H. KELLOGG, Derby, Erie Co., N.Y. 
MOHEGAN FARM 
has a fetv REGISTERED 
Holstein Bulls from Record Dam* for Sale 
Registered BERKSHIRE & TAMWORTH PIGS 
THE FAMOUS IMPORTED PERCHERON STALLION PETARD 
stands at the Farm for Service. For information 
address, Moliegan Farm, Mohegan Lake, New York 
THE TOMPKINS CO. BREEDERS’ JOURNAL, with sale-list 
■ of pure-bred stock, 25cts. per year. Copy free. 
We have some very good offers in Holstein and Jer¬ 
sey cattle, German Coach Horses, Shetland Ponies. 
Southdown ewes and Cheshire gilts. A two-year 
Berkshire hoar, registered, $25-00. TOMPKINS CO. 
BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION, Box B. Trumansburg, N. Y. 
150 HIGH GRADE 
HOLSTEIN COWS 
Large, fine individuals, nicely marked and 
heavy producers, due to freshen in August, 
September and October. 100 two-year-old 
heifers, sired by registered Holstein bulls 
and from grade cows with large milk records. 
F. P, SAUNDERS & SON, Cortland, N. Y. 
East Ri ver Grade Holsteins 
FOR SALE 
100 HEIEEItS —1 and 2 years old; sired by full- 
blooded bulls; dams are high-grade Holsteins. 
75 COWS—due to calve this Fall. Large, heavy 
milkers. 
30 FRESH COWS —Come and see them milked. 
10 REGISTERED BULLS— Alio grade bulls. 
DEPT. Y JOHN B. WEBSTER. 
Beil Phone No. 14. F. S. Cortland, N, Y. 
HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES 1!,; 
marked and well-grown BULL CALVES FOR SALE, from 
three to four months old. All from A. R. O. dams 
with records of 19 lbs., jr. three, to 25 lbs., 5 years 
old. Sire, Pietertje Hengerveld Segis 6th, whose 
dam and grand-dam averaged 31.15 lbs. butter in 7 
days. Average fat, 4.06. Price, $50.00 to $100.00. 
ELMTREE FARM, Harry Yates, Prop., Chartotte, N. Y. 
C A Ip—A FEW REGISTERED HOLSTEIN MALE 
CALVES from heavy-milking cows, 
sired by Colonel Korndyke De Kol, No. 77226, one 
of the best sons of Pontiac Korndyke, at reason¬ 
able prices. DONALD F. McLENNAN. Syracuse, N. Y. 
Ontario Pietje Segis 
born Feb. 8, 1913, grandson of King Segis and 
Pietje 22d’s Woodcrest Lad. Showy markings; 
white predominating. Remarkable breeding. 
Price, for quick sale, $150. Send for pedigree. 
CLOYERDALE FARM, - Charlotte. N, Y. 
Dogs and Fci'rots 
Scotch Collie Puppies-^Ve E to S «?iS 
tion. bred from imported and trained-to-work 
Stock; males. #7; spayed females, $6: open females, 
$5. CL0VERN00K STOCK FARM. Chambersburg, Pa. 
FOR SAI C-TRAINED ENGLISH RABBIT DOGS. Also 
I Ull OHLL pups, all ages. Honest treatment as¬ 
sured. Garrett’s Kennels, West Chester. Ua. 
UULLIl lUro Bloodhounds, Nelson’s, Grove City, Pa. 
FpiTPtQ fnr Qaln—Either color or sex, any size, sin- 
GlIGto IUI OQ1G gles. mated pairs ami dozen lots. 
Catalogue free. C. H. KEEFER & CO., Greenwich, Ohio 
Keeps Cows Clean and Comfortable 
LANSDOWNE STALLS AND STANCHIONS 
mean less work, increased profits and they repay their cost many 
times over. Cows will give more milk, keep in better condition, and. 
standing or lying down, are always comfortable. If you want a sanitary 
dairy that can be kept sweet and clean at small enst, you should get 
our prices. Write to us for prices and catalogue “D.” 
Dairymens Supply Co., Lansdowne, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pa. 
PUREBRED REGISTERED 
HOLSTEIN CATTLE 
A few months ago a Holstein cow made the astonish¬ 
ing record of 41.875 lbs. of bntter in 7 days. Since then 
two other Holsteins have passed the 40 lb. mark, one 
having made 44.15 lbs. 
In reality there is nothing amazing about their records. 
Such animals are the result of systematic selection and 
breeding such as any farmer can practice. 
Don't feed and milk more cows, but double your income 
from the number you now own. 
S*md far Free Illustrated Deter ip tire Beeklstt. 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASS'N, t. L HOUGHTON. Sec y. Bos 105. Brattleboro, Vt. 
