0124 
TH E RURAb NEW-YORKER 
August 9, 
FOUNDATION FOR BANK BARN. 
I wish to build a foundation for a bank 
barn, using lime, mixed sand and gravel, 
and cement. I wish to use with this field 
stone averaging two pounds each; propose 
to use a form, make concrete soft and in¬ 
sert stone in it, tamping it in. Is there 
a better way? Please suggest proper 
proportions and best way of mixing. I 
have quantities of the stone and wish to 
use it. S. 11 . S. 
Deposit, N. Y. 
To make a foundation for bank barn, 
or in fact any large foundation, a farmer 
can use one-third stone in the concrete 
foundation to good advantage. To make 
good concrete take well-graded sand and 
gravel and use Portland cement (no 
lime). Do not use lime in connection 
with Portland cement without you are 
an expert in the business, as lime re¬ 
tards the set of Portland cement. Some 
lime at times is good, but must be used 
by someone who knows what he is about. 
The way to make good concrete is to 
have a mixing board perfectly flat about 
10x12 feet square. On this you place 
six cubic feet of the material you intend 
SECTION OF CONCRETE WALL. 
Fig. 346. 
to use. Some people use five feet of 
material, but if it is clean and sharp six 
will do it. Spread this out flat all over 
the board. Now take one sack of Port¬ 
land cement and spread all over the top 
of your sand and turn the edges inward 
and round it up into the shape of a 
grave. Now you have a pile about six 
feet long, IS inches wide and about a 
foot high. Two men are needed to mix. 
This pile should be shoveled all over 
towards the left end of the board, then 
shovel it back again to the right, back 
again to the left, and back again to the 
right. It will be well mixed and has been 
mixed four times dry. Now spread it all 
out flat all over the board; take large 
watering can and sprinkle all over, but do 
not let any water run off the board. While 
this wetting down goes on, you can turn 
the edges up and put the pile through the 
same mixing process again. You then 
have a mass of well-mixed concrete which 
looks like a good, stiff, coarse mortar. 
Do not make it so wet that it will run 
off the board, but just about like mortar 
or plaster. The way to measure sand is, 
suppose you use six cubic feet, make a 
box without any bottom to it that will 
hold this amount, lay it on board and fill 
to top, then lift it off and you have six 
cubic feet on the board. 
In regard to stone in the wall, first put 
down in form a layer of concrete, say 
four inches thick, lay stone, keep the 
stone about two inches away from the 
face of the form, and each and every 
stone should have at least one inch in 
between the next one. When you have 
laid these stones in concrete, take an iron 
tamper and tamp the stones as far down 
as they will go. Most times they will 
go out of sight in the concrete. This 
makes a good job, and if well done will 
last forever. If I were in the inquirer’s 
place I should use larger stones than 
two pounds; I would get stones about 
eight inches large if I was building a 
12-inch wall, and then work the small 
ones in wherever I could. I built two 
large barn walls in New York State, 
using stones as large as two men could 
lift, and it is a fine Job. It is hard to 
give advice to advantage without being 
on the job to see the material. There is 
much gravel and sand that is no good, 
and care should be used in selecting the 
material to see that it is clean and free 
from loam and quicksand and all vege¬ 
tation. 
Fig. 346 is a cross section of concrete 
wall in the form. You will see that the 
stones do not quite touch the form. This 
will leave a nice smooth finish and no 
pointing to do when you take the form 
off, which you can do just as soon as the 
wall is hard or set enough. 
Massachusetts. lewis t. nowE. 
A LITTLE BLACK “RUNT.” 
I wonder whether all farmers’ wives 
take interest in the farm animals as I do, 
or do I hear them say farmers’ wives 
have not time to take interest in farm 
animals? I know we farmers’ wives are 
kept very busy; in fact, I guess every 
wife worth while has plenty to do. But 
I find plenty of time to visit and pet the 
farm animals and to take care of them 
when they are ill, and I cannot tell you 
how much pleasure I find in them. Farm¬ 
ers’ wives would not be half so lonely if 
they would only visit the farm animals 
once in awhile. I want to tell you about 
a little pig whose life was saved through 
my care. The mother hog was the proud 
possessor of 13 babies and this little pig 
was the runt, and a very small runt at 
that, being no larger than a rat. No 
one noticed that the other pigs took ad¬ 
vantage of his smallness and crowded 
him away from the mother so that he 
could not get anything to eat. and finally 
starved him. One evening on my visit 
to the farm animals, I found old mother 
hog lying very contented and her babies 
doing justice to the feast she was giving 
them, but I did not see runty among 
them. On investigation I found poor 
runty lying in a corner of the pen, to 
all appearances dead, but when I picked 
him up he gave a faint gasp for breath, 
although he was limp and cold, and I 
could not detect the least faint beat of 
his heart. I said to my husband, “I be¬ 
lieve I will see if I can do anything for 
poor little runty.” lie laughed and said 
that the only thing to be done for runty 
was to bury him. While we were talk¬ 
ing runty gave another weak gasp for 
breath and I decided to try to bring life 
back to him anyhow, although my hus¬ 
band laughed and said that that was 
something that neither I nor anyone 
else could ever do. I took him up to 
the house, put him in a very hot bath, 
fixed some hot milk and forced a few 
drops down his throat with a spoon. 
Then I took him out of the hot water, 
wrapped him in a piece of old blanket, 
greased his front legs, gave him some 
more of the milk and put him in the 
oven, leaving the oven door open. I 
thought if I could only get him warm 
he would come back to life. After a 
short while I looked in the oven to see 
how poor runty was, and I could not be¬ 
lieve my eyes, for runty had really come 
back to life and was panting like a dog. 
I took him out of the oven, gave him 
some more milk, left him in the blanket 
and put him in a box. After awhile he 
got strong enough to get up on his front 
feet, but could not stand on all four. 
That night I gave him warm milk and 
left him in the box in the kitchen, and 
next morning runty was able to walk 
around the kitchen floor. 
Now I had to teach him to eat, and as 
one who knows anything about a week- 
old pig is aware, I had no easy job. I 
fixed the warm milk with a little sugar 
and water, put it in a deep bowl and 
give it to him, but he would not drink. 
Then I took him up and stuck his nose 
down in the milk. He had to drink or 
strangle, and a few of these lessons soon 
taught him how to eat, and then the 
battle was won. I made him a small 
pen, put him in it, gave him all the warm 
milk he could drink several times a day. 
When he got older I gave him milk and 
meal. I always cooked' everything he 
ate. He grew very fast, and after awhile 
learned to climb out of his pen. In do- 
this he would put his feet in the cracks 
of his pen, climb to the top, then tumble 
over on his head. Then he would come 
up to the house and insist on coming in, 
putting holes through the screen door in 
his efforts to do so. Of course I could 
not have that, so I put him in the hog 
lot with his brothers and sisters, and as 
he had grown so much faster than they 
he would not let one of them come to 
the trough at feeding time until he had 
got his fill. In this way he paid them 
back for the rough treatment he had re¬ 
ceived when he was only runty. When 
he was eight months old (he was then a 
big, fat hog, having had all the corn he 
could eat for several weeks), I gave him 
to a poor man who had been ill all Sum¬ 
mer with typhoid fever, to make meat 
for himself, wife and four little children. 
Thus was runty brought back to life to 
die at last for a good cause. E. L. M. 
Virginia. 
LIVE STOCK MATTERS. 
Profitable Sheep. —It is necessary 
to give the arguments for sheep over and 
over. The shepherd of the flock at the 
Wisconsin College of Agriculture puts 
it this way: 
Because of the constantly increasing 
demand for mutton and the correspond¬ 
ing increased in the price paid the farmer 
for his sheep, this well-known floekmas- 
ter is confident that the man who has a 
well-drained farm and properly manages 
a flock of sheep of good mutton type and 
conformation will be well satisfied with 
his returns. At the same time he will 
know that his farm is being freed of 
weeds and that his fields are steadily be¬ 
coming richer. The farmer who keeps a 
decidedly inferior flock of sheep and 
largely as scavengers is wasting his feed 
and cannot expect to realize satisfactory 
profits. Well-bred and well-built sheep 
will require no more and even less feed 
than those inferior in character. 
“Sour Silage.” —Every year there is 
some complaint about silage which comes 
from the silo "sour as a pickle.” Good, 
bright silage is slightly acid and of good 
taste. What causes this “sauerkraut?” 
The following explanation was given two 
years ago by Prof. Washburn, then at 
the Vermont Experiment Station: 
IP 
APEC 
ENSILAGE CUTTER 
Lighest Running Silo Filler Made 
It cuts and elevates the highest quality of sil¬ 
age at minimum cost for time, labor and re¬ 
pairs. Built of iron and semi-steel; gear driven 
throughout; easily set up; fed from ground; 
convenient to operate; fills highest silos; al¬ 
most any power will run it; costs less for up¬ 
keep, and barring accidents will last a life¬ 
time. It throws as well as blows and the sil¬ 
age is elevated in a steady stream, not in 
bunches: it operates at slow speed and it is 
absolutely safe. .Our catalog which explains 
the construction in detail is mailed free upon 
request. 
PAPEC MACHINE CO., Box 10 Shortsville, N.Y. 
—— 25 Convenient Distributing Points — 
fniiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM 
Eats Up Silage 
Almost 
Feeds Itself 
There’s no equal to the 
original ensilage cutter. Almost 
feedsftself. Works steadily. Takesevery- 
tlilng fed, green or dry, without a hitch. The 
BLIZZARD 
Ensilage Cutter 
The chief cause for sour silage seems 
unquestionably to he due most largely to 
immature and over-wet material. Thor¬ 
oughly matured corn, in fact material 
dried in the field when cut into the silo, 
may be thoroughly wetted and produce 
a pretty good silage, and I doubt if such 
would become much acid even when made 
too wet. Neither is it probable that im¬ 
mature corn if dried out sufficiently be¬ 
fore being ensiled, would produce the 
acid effect. But given the immature 
condition, the condition in which many of 
the food materials are, in a condition of 
unstable equilibrium or in the condition 
of transit from the low compounds to the 
higher, coupled with a superabundance 
of water, are conditions which favor 
souring. 
X, who inquires about goat’s milk 
cheese, on page 824, can find much in¬ 
formation about many types of cheese 
in Bulletin 105, U. S. Bureau of Animal 
Industry. This does not give directions 
for making all varieties, but it gives a 
great many and any one who has had 
experience making cheese of any type 
can get from it helpful suggestions for 
variations. I have no goats’ milk so 
have not tried any of the goat’s milk 
cheese mentioned. The bulletin can prob¬ 
ably be secured from the Superintendent 
of Documents, Washington, D. C. 
Arlington, Vt. J. R. F. 
cuts five different lengths. Knives adjustable when 
In operation. With its improved wind elevator it 
carries the entfeed to any height.and distributes 
it evenly. Built so simple and strong it outlasts 
every machine of its kind. Absolutely guaranteed. 
Mounted or unmounted. Write today for 
Free Booklets 
on Bilairo—(2) 1913 Blizznrd Catalog:. (3) “What 
Users Sny/' contains scores of let- —- 
ters from users. Any or all are free. 
Write toda/, stating whether or not 
you have silo. 
The Jos. Dick 
Mfg. Co. 
1126 Tuscarawas St. 
Canton, Ohio 
ivuica ui ico" ! i,i■ ...j rs 
■all are free. I 
K ' lhurorn ° t |C)|3 L 
Whyl'Lctal P- 
Silane' n_U 
Whdffl 
Users; P 
NJJ 
Fill Your Silo Satisfied* 
Over 
63 
Years 
Experience 
Buck of it. 
ROSS 
Machines are f 
fully guaranteed 
You take no risk 
We want to prove that onr machines area 
good investment beforo you give up your 
money. We know they are so good that we do 
not feel It a risk to make this offer. Many new 
fo:vturoa havo boon added which you should know about 
beforo buying a machine. Catalog explains all. It is free. 
The E. W. Ross Co., Box 113 Springfield, O. 
SILO FILLER5 
Handsome,illustrated booklet giving 30 
convincing reasons for buying the 
powerful, low down, underslung, cut- 
under oak frame, Appleton Silo Filler, 
mailed free. Write for it to-day. 
APPLETON MFG. CO., 427 
U. S. A. 
One 
Control 
Drive 
Pulley 
They can’t build a Silo too high for this Smalley 
to fill. Moreover, the Smalley cuts your fodder 
fine and uniform, not coarse and uneven. Thus 
your Silage packs tight. You get more tonnage. 
And you get Silage that keeps fresh as long as it 
lasts. Note, too, that the Smalley is a force-feed 
that eaves you a pile of “back-busting” work. The grip 
the trick. They are 20 years ahead of the old slat-apron device 
found on all other machines. 
Mr. H. A. Cooper of Liveipool. N. Y., says: "I filled a 12 ft. by 32 ft. silo on the 
shortest cut in live hours with a Smalley. I have had three other different makes 
but this one beats them all.” 
Pour out of every five silage cutter buyers own Smalleys. You will, too. If you take 
the time to investigate. __ 
The Powerful Smalley Force-Feed Silage Cutter 
handles corn, oats, peas, alfalfa, etc., like child’s play. (You can have alfalfa-grinding scrcon 
if you want it.) Only one drive pulley on Blower outfits. No Idler to bother with. 1 tn per¬ 
cent steel guaranteed in all foundry castings. No oiling by hand-hard oil'cups <on all un 
portant bearings. We c an’t begin to tell, in an advertisement, the at |yf ata ?. e L 0 f any 
popular Cutter. You should see our new. illustrated Catalog. We mad iMree to any 
farmer who writes for it. No need to write a letter. Just a postal will do. Write to y 
and the Book will come by return mail. 
SMALLEY MFG. COMPANY, Boxl72 Manitowoc, Wis. 
Manufacturers of Ensilage. Alfalfa and Hand Feed Cutters, Combination Ensilage ana 
Snapping Machines, Draff and Circular Saw Machines, 
Champion Plows, Cob Grinders and Feed Mills (73i 
