©34 
’THE) RURAb NEW-YORKER 
August 10, 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK. 
DOMESTIC.—In an opinion given 
August 28, County Judge Owens of Chi¬ 
cago, held that all women are eligible 
for appointment as clerks of election and 
that all women who are heads of families, 
supporting them independently, may serve 
as judges of election, under the new 
woman suffrage law in Illinois. 
Sudden rains, resulting in torrents in 
Price Canyon, Utah, carried away, July 
28, railroad bridges, houses and sections 
of the Midland Trail, completed at con¬ 
siderable expense. The damage is esti¬ 
mated at between $50,000 and $100,000. 
An important economic discovery, in 
the shape of an inexhaustible bed of giant 
scallops, off the Atlantic coast, has just 
been made by the United States Bureau 
of Fisheries. This bed of the big edible 
bivalves is said to extend all the e- 
from Block Island, off Rhode I" 1 
the Virginia Capes, and appc-' t 
miles or more in width. 
The Department of Justice, through 
Assistant Attorney General Knaebel, has 
issued a warning to the public that the 
2,000.000 acres of the so-called Oregon 
and California railroad lands recently 
ordered forfeited by the United States 
District Court, of Oregon, to the Govern¬ 
ment, on the ground that the railroad had 
violated conditions of its grant, will not 
be thrown open to settlement until the 
case has been finally passed on by the 
United States Supreme Court and Con¬ 
gress has enacted special legislation. At¬ 
tempts at wholesale land fraud through¬ 
out the entire West, and more especially 
in Oregon, have been reported to the de¬ 
partment, and instructions have been 
given to United States Attorney Reames, 
of Portland, to investigate and prosecute 
those found guilty. Representing that 
the lands can be procured by settlement, 
those engaged in the alleged fraudulent 
scheme are said to be obtaining location 
fees for their services. The public also is 
being induced, Mr. Knaebel says, to make 
applications to purchase from the rail¬ 
road company in order to acquire pref¬ 
erence rights of purchase. The Southern 
Pacific Railroad, controlling the Oregon 
A California, has issued a warning that 
no money will be accepted by the com¬ 
pany and no preference rights granted 
pending the litigation. 
Eighteen men were killed August 3 in 
the East Brookside mine of the Philadel¬ 
phia and Reading Coal and Iron Com¬ 
pany, near Tower City, Pa., by a double 
explosion of what is believed to have been 
dynamite and gas. Thirteen men per¬ 
ished in the first explosion and five went 
to their death in the second blast, after 
a heroic attempt to rescue the victims of 
the first. 
Sentences were imposed on the five 
members of the West Virginia Legisla¬ 
ture, at Webster Springs. W. Va., Au¬ 
gust 4, by Judge W. S. O’Brien, in the 
Superior Court. The legislators were 
convicted of bribery in connection with 
the election of a United States Senator 1 
early iu the year. Delegates S. U. G. 
Rhodes, Rath Duff and H. F. Asbury 
were sentenced to six years each in the 
penitentiary; State Senator B. A. Smith 
to five years and six months, and Dele¬ 
gate Davie Hill to five years. All are 
disqualified for life from holding any 
public office. 
New express rates ordered by the In¬ 
terstate Commerce Commission are to 
go into effect October 15. The compa¬ 
nies are required by the commission to 
adopt and observe the new schedule of 
rates, which reduces their gross revenue 
approximately 16 per cent, for a period 
of two years, these rates to apply be¬ 
tween all points in the United States; 
to adopt a new form of express receipt, 
and to adopt the block system of stating 
rates. Under the present method of com¬ 
piling tariffs some 900,000,000 separate 
rates are published by the express com¬ 
panies. Under the block system pre¬ 
scribed by the commission this number 
will be reduced to less than 650,000, and 
tne commission believes the system 
points the way to the solution of the 
present maze of freight rates. The so- 
called block system divides the United 
States into 950 blocks, averaging each 
2,500 square miles. While the commis¬ 
sion has not considered the practicability 
of applying the block system to freight 
rates, it is known that the question may 
be taken up at any time. With a stand¬ 
ard freight rate once established between 
blocks, instead of between points, and all 
other rates stated in percentages of the 
standard, the present complicated tangle 
of freight rates, in the opinion of the 
commission’s experts, would be cleared. 
WASHINGTON.—For the first time 
in its history the Treasury Department 
is to accept commercial paper as security 
for Government deposits in national 
banks. Secretary of the Treasury Mc- 
Adoo announced July 31 that he would 
deposit in the banks of the South and 
West from $25,000,000 to $50,000,000 to 
be used in the movement and marketing of 
the unusually large crops. Besides prime 
commercial paper and United States 
bonds the Secretary will accept State and 
municipal bonds as security. On April 
30 Secretary McAdoo announced his 
willingness to deposit $10,000,000 in na¬ 
tional banks at two per cent interest and 
this already has been taken up. There 
is on deposit in national banks $58,000,- 
000. Secretary McAdoo’s announcement 
that he is willing to put $50,000,000 iu 
the banks, therefore, will bring the total 
up to over $100,000,000. 
President Wilson has sent ex-Governor 
John Lind of Minnesota, to Mexico as 
an “adviser” of the American Embassy. 
The President also accepted the resigna¬ 
tion of Henry Lane Wilson as Ambassa¬ 
dor of the United States to Mexico. 
While Mr. Wilson has submitted his res¬ 
ignation four times, once formally at the 
end of the last administration and thrice 
since then because of the variance of his 
views and those of the new regime in 
Washington, his retirement is a virtual 
dismissal. It is due not only to differ¬ 
ences of opinion as to policy, but also to 
the attitude of antagonism to the admin¬ 
istration which Mr. Wilson has assumed 
since his recent return to his country. 
The President will not give out any state¬ 
ment concerning the Mexican, situation 
until the return of Mr. Lind. 
FARM AND GARDEN.—John C. De 
Winter, head of the firm of De Winter & 
Co., egg and poultry dealers, of 31 Jay 
Street, pleaded guilty in the United 
States District Court July 31 to paying 
railroad freight inspectors to expedite the 
delivery of eggs consigned to his com¬ 
pany so the concern might get an advan¬ 
tage over competitors. Similar pleas 
were entered by Edward M. Garrison, 
Harry D. Wheeler and George W. Miller, 
employees of De Winter & Co. Judge 
Mayer fined the firm $7,000, De Winter 
himself $3,000 and Garrison $2,500. 
Sentence on the two others was sus¬ 
pended. 
Serious rioting among hop-pickers is 
reported from the California hopfields. 
It is said that trouble is being stirred up 
by I. W. W. agitators. 
Suits to recover $800,000 of Federal 
oleomargarine taxes will be begun soon 
in Chicago against prominent packers 
and other oleomargarine manufacturers. 
Commissioner of Internal Revenue Os¬ 
borne stated August 5 that he would re¬ 
quest Attorney General McReynolds to 
proceed in accordance with recommenda¬ 
tions of a Chicago grand jury which re¬ 
cently investigated the situation. The 
grand jury criticized the previous admin¬ 
istration of the Treasury Department for 
compromising a milliou-dollar oleomarga¬ 
rine tax claim for $101,000, and found 
that there were other cases, outside the 
dates of the compromise, in which the 
Government was said to have lost a large 
sum because the manufacturers were al¬ 
leged to have paid only the tax on un¬ 
colored oleomargarine, when their prod¬ 
uct was colored. The suits, it was an¬ 
nounced, will be directed against the G. 
II. Hammond Company, the Friedman 
Manufacturing Company, Moxley & Co., 
Armour & Co., all of Chicago, and sev¬ 
eral smaller concerns outside of that city. 
The tax on uncolored oleomargarine is 
one-fourth cent a pound, and on colored 
10 cents a pound. 
WESTERN NEW YORK FRUIT NOTES. 
This week the fruit experts, Prof. U. 
P. Hedrick, horticulturist, and P. J. Par¬ 
rott, entomologistrat the New York State 
Agricultural Experiment Station at Ge¬ 
neva, have been touring the orchard sec¬ 
tions of Wayne, Monroe, Orleans, Niag¬ 
ara, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oswego and On¬ 
tario Counties. The trip was made in 
a disinterested way, holding clear from 
the position of the buyer, partly inclined 
to talk up the crop, and from the position 
of the fruit growers, many of whom, as 
producers, talk down the crop. From 
Wolcott the experts were taken about 
the district by Roy Hendrick, where 
nearly 100 miles of orchards were in¬ 
spected. Here a highly flattering com¬ 
ment was made on the orchards under 
scientific care. These were found in 
first-class condition. The soil in this 
district also came in for favorable corn- 
men f 
After a week’s trip the estimate of the 
fruit crop was announced as follows: 
Apples, one-third of last year’s crop; 
pears, twice as many as last year; cher¬ 
ries. more than the normal crop. The 
estimate is a conservative one, occupying 
middle ground between the buyers’ pre¬ 
diction of one-half last year’s crop and 
the growers’ estimate of one quarter of 
last year’s production. The experts were 
much pleased to learn that the cultural 
methods advocated by the experiment sta¬ 
tion, wherever put in vogue, were instru¬ 
mental in bettering the outlook for a 
fair yield of fruit. The cases of failure 
were almost entirely confined to neglect¬ 
ed orchards. The trip through the fruit 
belt was largely inspired through reports 
that the methods recommended by the 
station were insufficient to cope with 
actual conditions in the orchard district. 
The windstorm of July 13 was found 
to have been most destructive to some 
parts of the fruit belt, particularly in 
the western lap. where over level stretches 
the wind obtained good headway. The 
eastern section is more rolling and the 
reports from this section were less alarm¬ 
ing. In the western portion many peach 
orchards were found where the crop had 
been entirely ruined. Trees were broken 
and split and fruit hurled about. Many 
apple orchards suffered heavily. Four ex¬ 
perimental stations under the control of 
the State were visited during the week. 
These were the Hitchings orchard at 
South Onondaga where a sod mulch ex¬ 
periment is in progress; the orchard of 
the Great Bear Spring Company at Ful¬ 
ton, where a fertilizer experiment is in 
progress; the Albert Wood orchard at 
Carlton, where dwarf apple planting is 
under test, and the fourth at the Dens- 
more orchard at Albion, where another 
fertilizer test is being made. 
The inquiry for evaporated apples has 
increased during the last few weeks and 
a number of car sales have been reported 
at 6% cents for choice stock. Large 
quantities of stock are still held in stor¬ 
age. The releasings from Sodus village, 
one of the five shipping points of the 
town, have been equivalent to seven 
trainloads of 30 cars each during the 
first half of 1913. The interest so far is 
largely confined to the home trade, con¬ 
suming only about one-third of the an¬ 
nual output. The foreign trade, with 
Holland and Germany as the leading 
buyers, uses about two-thirds of the prod¬ 
uct. Very little evaporated fruit is now 
being shipped abroad. This development 
came about in 19] 1. and the effects are 
still lingering. In August of that year 
one of the heaviest windstorms in years 
whipped the trees in most destructive 
fashion, sending thousands upon thous¬ 
ands of bushels of green fruit to the 
ground. That something might be recov¬ 
ered from such destruction the growers 
sent the windfalls to the evaporators. 
The fruit was deficient in sugar and was 
in nowise fit to be converted into‘.the 
dried product. When it was put upon 
the market it met with condemnation 
everywhere. It was the first time the 
experiment of evaporating green fruit 
was made upon a big scale, and from 
the boomerang result it is likely to be 
the last. This opposition has persisted 
and is yet operating to depress the mar¬ 
ket. In Europe the situation was worse 
than at home, and some dealers there 
still have on hand some of the 1911 fruit. 
It is under these conditions that but lit¬ 
tle of the 1912 fruit has moved out on 
the foreign market. A. ii. P. 
PENINSULA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
About 1.500 attended the Summer 
meeting held at Berlin, Md. After ad¬ 
dresses by officers and visitors the after¬ 
noon was spent in the nursery and or¬ 
chards of J. G. Harrison & Co. One of 
the most striking demonstrations at this 
place is the remarkable peach crop on 
10,000 peach trees which have been saved 
by a successful treatment of spraying un¬ 
der the auspices of the School of Horti¬ 
culture, Maryland Agricultural College, 
to prevent the loss of the fruit by fungus 
disease known as “brown rot.” The rot 
was so persistent that it was necessary 
to continue spraying the trees for more 
than three weeks at a time during the 
early stages of the fruit, but a crop of 
peaches has been produced amounting to 
over 35.000 baskets of fancy marketable 
fruit. _ 
August 2. Potatoes have got to* ,je 
the money crop here. To-day at the 
station Cobbler is bringing $1.75, an ad¬ 
vance over last week of 20 cents. Giant 
just coming iu and to-day $1.55, all sold 
by weight, 165 pounds net. There are a 
good many buyers here besides the Farm¬ 
ers’ Exchange. We shall not have a full 
crop, as there was some poor seed and a 
great deal of wet weather at planting 
time. Some fields have a very poor 
stand. Those who bought Maine seed 
were fortunate as it was much better 
than that from New York. The fruit 
crop is very poor, no peaches and not 
more than 40 per cent of an apple crop. 
The freeze in May hurt fruit badly. Our 
early apples brought iu New York from 
75 cents to $1.25 for one-third barrel 
basket. Peaches are mostly sold here 
for the store trade. I have sold corn 
this week for 80 cents per bushel of 70 
pounds in the ear. Our corn on account 
of the very severe drought will not be 
first rate. Wheat is now worth 90; rye 
65, and rye straw $15 per ton at the sta¬ 
tions. New hay has not yet been baled 
to any extent, but is worth around $20. 
Veal* calves from nine to 10 alive; milch 
cows from $50 to $75. Horses too high, 
a good team will bring from $500 to 
$600. Fat hogs will be high, as there 
seems to be a shortage all over the coun¬ 
try. The great problem seems to be the 
help question. There are lots of men 
here who will not work except a day or 
two at a time. On a ride this morning 
of less than five miles I counted IS idle 
men lounging along the road or sitting 
under the trees. o. A. J. 
Bradevelt, N. J. 
COMING FARMERS’ MEETINGS. 
American Association of Instructors 
and Investigators in Poultry Husbandry, 
annual meeting, New Jersey Experiment 
Station, New Brunswick, August 18-20. 
Wisconsin State Horticultural Society, 
Sturgeon Bay, August 20-21. 
New York State Fair and Grand Cir¬ 
cuit Meeting, Syracuse, N. Y., September 
8-13. 
Lancaster Fair, Lancaster, Pa., Sep¬ 
tember 30-October 3. 
Vermont Corn Show, Windsor, Vt., 
November 5-7. 
Third Indiana Apple Show, Indianapo¬ 
lis, November 5-11. 
National Grange, Annual Meeting, 
Manchester, N. II.. November 12. 
New England Fruit Show, Horticul¬ 
tural Hall, Boston, November 12-16. 
Maryland State Horticultural Society, 
Maryland Crop Improvement Association, 
Maryland Dairymen’s Association, Mary¬ 
land Beekeepers’ Association and Farm¬ 
ers’ League, Baltimore, November 17-22. 
The Capital Poultry and Pigeon Asso¬ 
ciation will hold its annual show at 
Washington, D. C., December 2-6. 
St. Mary’s Poultry Club; first annual 
show, St. Mary’s, Pa., December 18-19. 
Peninsula Horticultural Society, an¬ 
nual Winter meeting, Easton, Md., Jan¬ 
uary 13-15, 1914. 
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(Shipped Knock-down) 
WESTERN STYLE 
with one-piece ends and 
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SOUTHERN STYLE 
IBxIl^xlOk! 
Inside Meas. 
made with panel ends 
with one end printed as above. Made to meet 
the demand for a Standard Bushel Box at a 
very low price. 
BOX LINING, PAPER, APPLE WRAPS. LABELS FOR BOX 
ENDS AND BARREL TOPS, CUSHIONS, CORRUGATED 
PAPER CIRCLES-EVERYTHING IN FRUIT PACKAGES 
Write for Quotations and new Catalog 
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Avenarius Carbolineum has a hundred uses 
about the farm as a wood preservative, msect- 
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will lengthen the life of 
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Keeps lice, mites and 
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Waterproofs tarpaulins, 
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