Q44 
qrirlB RURA.1> N E W-YORKER 
August 16, 
Milk 
Jobbing Prices at New York. 
Restaurants using two to five cans per 
day are now paying five to 5 % cents for 
class B, pasteurized milk. 
The successful use of ultra-violet rays, 
artificially produced, in Europe for ster¬ 
ilizing drinking water led the Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture to experiment with 
these rays as a possible means for steri¬ 
lizing milk. Those experiments show 
that the rays do not destroy all the or¬ 
ganisms in milk produced under com¬ 
mercial conditions. While the experi¬ 
ments show that large numbers of bac¬ 
teria are killed by the ultra-violet rays, 
there is always the possibility that some 
of the pathogenic or disease-producing 
forms will survive. The rays, it is 
found, also impart a disagreeable flavor 
which would render the milk unsalable. 
In attempts to sterilize cream, the re¬ 
sults were still less satisfactory than 
with milk, nor could dirty milk bottles 
be completely sterilized when exposed to 
the action of the rays. Even if the 
methods of generating rays are improved 
it is doubtful if they can ever be used to 
any extent as a substitute for pasteuriz¬ 
ing milk because of the disagreeable fla¬ 
vor they impart. 
The Dairy Division has been conduct¬ 
ing experiments, pasteurizing milk at 
different temperatures and for different 
lengths of time. Bulletin 166 of the 
Bureau of Animal Industry states that 
when milk is pasteurized at 145 degrees 
for 30 minutes the chemical changes are 
so slight that it is unlikely that the pro¬ 
tein (muscle building element) or the 
phosphates of lime and magnesia are 
rendered less digestible than they are in 
raw milk. From a bacteriological stand¬ 
point, pasteurizing at low temperatures 
is more satisfactory than at high tem¬ 
peratures. Where low temperatures are 
used the majority of bacteria surviving 
are lactic acid organisms which play an 
important part in the normal souring of 
milk. When milk is efficiently pas¬ 
teurized at high temperatures, the bac¬ 
teria which survive are largely of the 
putrefactive kinds, and milk so treated 
if kept for any length of time has a tend¬ 
ency to rot instead of sour. The Depart¬ 
ment recommends that when market milk 
is pasteurized it should be heated to 
about 145 degrees and held at that tem¬ 
perature for 30 minutes. 
RECORDS OF GUERNSEY COWS. 
Secretary Caldwell reports that in the 
list of Guernsey cows whose recoi'ds have 
been made up during the past week, there 
are 46 monthly records of butter fat pro¬ 
duction that have exceeded 50 pounds per 
month. These cows, to the number of 
36, are scattered from Minnesota to New 
Jersey. Among those from New York 
State in one herd, that of Dr. J. E. Rus¬ 
sell at Peekskill, there are six sows un¬ 
der test, five having an average yield for 
the months of May and June of 65.87 
pounds butter fat, and the sixth cow, 
who is near the end of her year, has 
given over 47 pounds or very near the 
50-pound mark. Two of these cows, 
Brightness of Glenburnie and Oneida 
Belle, gave an average yield for May of 
74.55 pounds each; for June 72.18 
pounds each. Imp. Granny VII. of the 
Choffins gave 68.44 in May and 61.88 in 
June; Cayuga Belle 50.08 in May and 
57.11 in June. Golden Elsie 2d 33422, in 
Class G., two-year-olds, who completes 
her year June 12, gave in May, her last 
full months, 1,034 pounds milk and 52.73 
pounds butter fat. 
THE PRICE OF COWS. 
In this section a great many cattle are 
raised, and the price is about as follows: 
A large Holstein cow, with calf by her 
side, from four to nine years old, that 
shows up well, $75 to $80; the same cow, 
after she has been milked, say, from eight 
to 12 months, and has not been bred, if 
in condition for beef, will bring from $45 
to $50. If not in good condition, and is 
what we call a “bologna” cow, the same 
cow will bring from $20 to $25, so you 
see the price of the same cow varies from 
$20 to $80. I buy and sell a number of 
cows each year, and know this market 
pretty well. A Jersey cow, unless she 
was extra fine and showy, would bring 
about $15 less, all the way through, ex¬ 
cept if she was not too thin, would bring 
from $12 to $20 for bologna. I have even 
bought two small thin cows for $15. 
There ax-e some Guernsey cows through 
here, and if they are well developed bring 
about the same price as Ilolsteins. The 
price of what we call Mountain cows, 
that is, cow’s of no particular breeding, 
all depends upon the size, shape, condi¬ 
tion, etc. This class of cow's brings about 
from $20 to $25 less than the Holstein 
and Guei-nseys when fresh. Milk retails 
hei-e, in quart glass bottles, for eight 
cents. We have in this and the adjoin¬ 
ing town aci’oss the Pequannock River, 
five milkmen. Three raise their own 
milk, and the other two buy their sup¬ 
ply from farmei’S who live two or three 
miles out of town, and deliver to the re¬ 
tailer for five cents a quart. One farmer 
delivers his twice each day, and the other 
keeps his morning milk on ice at the 
farm and delivers both messes at night. 
The retailer then bottles all, puts in a 
cool place and is all ready for the morn¬ 
ing delivery. Calves sell, for bobs, $1 to 
$3 each, and veal calves, four weeks old 
and over, from eight to 9*4 cents, occord- 
ing to quality. Our butchers formerly 
drove out to the farms after the calves, 
but now they want them delivered to 
their shops, w’here they weigh them and 
have the farmer deliver them to their 
killing barn for slaughter. Considei’able 
oxen are raised back in the mountains, 
and they bring from $125 to $200 per 
yoke, well broken, and from four to nine 
years old. A pair of well-matched, fancy 
oxen was sold last week for $250, to be 
sent to New York City for advertising 
purposes; but that was a fancy price, 
and the farmer did not care to sell them, 
as he had use for them and will have to 
go out and buy another pair, which will 
probably cost him $150. 
Bulls are worth $25 at 15 months old 
ready for service, and from that up to 
$75, according to size, breeding, etc. Of 
course I am not now quoting registered 
stock. Iloi-ses are high, but, like cows, 
run all the way from $25 for “skinners,” 
to $350. There ai’e no $350 horses 
raised hei’e, unless a breeder hits some 
speed. The colts that are raised here 
from common mares bring as four-year- 
olds, broken, from $125 to $200. The 
$350 kind are shipped in from the West 
and weigh from 1,200 to 1,600 pounds. 
Hogs bi’ing as follows: Spx’ing pigs, four 
to six weeks old, $3 to $5 each; dressed 
pork fi’om 12 to 14 cents a pound. Hens 
that are laying bring from 80 cents to 
$1.25 each. Small chicks, a few days 
old, from 10 to 15 cents each. Eggs are 
selling for 30 cents a dozen now, and 
going up. They have been as low as 25. 
Hay runs from $10 to $25 per ton. The 
$10 kind is what we call bog or low 
meadow hay and is used for bedding, 
after the cattle have looked it ovei’, and 
taken out what little suits them. The 
$25 kind is Timothy, clean and bi’ight, 
and gathered under proper conditions. 
The other qualities sell in between these 
figures. E. C. B. 
Bloomingdale, N. J. 
AILING ANIMALS. 
Horse With Cough. 
I have a fine young hoi’se six years 
old, but he has quite a cough; what is 
the cause of that, also what will be good 
for it? ^ H. B. 
Gi’eene Co., N. Y. 
Cough is merely the symptom of irri¬ 
tation and it would be impossible for 
anyone to say what is the exact cause 
without making a careful examination. 
Have his teeth attended to by a veteri¬ 
narian. Wet all feed. Give glyco-heroin 
in one ounce dose thi’ee times a day, if 
the cough does not subside without treat¬ 
ment. A. S. A. 
Mare With Cough. 
I have a mare which has tvorms, also 
a little cough. Can you pi’escribe a good 
remedy? Cough seems to be result of 
feeding dusty hay. G. G. 
New York. 
The mare no doubt has heaves, and 
should be fed grass in Summer and wet 
oat straw in Winter in preference to hay. 
Give her half an ounce of Fowler’s so¬ 
lution of ax-senic night and morning un¬ 
til greatly relieved; then gradually dis¬ 
continue the medicine, taking a week 
or more to the work. Do not feed any 
bulky feed at a noon and do not work her 
soon after a meal. A. s. A. 
Indigestion. 
I have a horse 12 years old. I feed 
him 12 quarts grain a day; does not eat 
very well. I feed him cracked corn, oats 
and fresh hay. He coughs and always 
keeps poor. I would like to know what 
would be good for him. o. B. 
Connecticut. 
The cough probably indicates the pres¬ 
ence of heaves which is incurable, but 
may be relieved by proper treatment. 
Have his teeth attended to by a veteri¬ 
narian, then feed whole oats, wheat bran 
and grass. In Winter feed wet oat straw 
in preference to hay. Do not give any 
bulky feed at noon or work the horse 
soon after a meal. Keep his bowels ac¬ 
tive. Give half an ounce of Fowler’s 
solution of arsenic night and morning un¬ 
til cough and other symptoms abate; 
then gradually stop the medicine, taking 
a week or more to the work. A. s. A. 
Indigestion in Hogs. 
Could you tell me what is wrong with 
three Berkshire pigs? Farmers here call 
it black teeth, and say to pull out their 
teeth. They became sick at about eight 
weeks old; one could keep nothing on its 
stomach for a time, heads are bent to 
one side, make uncertain movements, fall 
down and roll over. I have given them 
Epsom salts, copper sulphate. They had 
lice when they came, but have sprayed 
them several times; have changed their 
food. Is there such a disease as black 
teeth, and is it right to pull or break off 
their front teeth? vr. c. w. 
Black teeth often are seen in the 
mouths of pigs, but they do not cause 
disease and need not he extracted or 
nipped off. Your pigs have indigestion 
from improper feeding. Turn them out 
on grass and feed light slop of milk and 
middlings, adding one ounce of limewater 
per quart. The brain often becomes af¬ 
fected in acute cases of derangement of 
the digestive organs in pigs and the 
symptoms described shows that this has 
occurred in the cases in question. It 
would be well to repeat the doses of 
physic in each case. A. 8. A. 
Figs With Cough. 
I have two pigs three months old. 
About a month ago one began to cough, 
getting worse, and I could not find any¬ 
one who ever heard a pig whoop as they 
did. One got well and the other worse, 
and I thought he would choke. I gave it 
sulphur and turpentine and it seemed to 
help him. My neighbor said it was 
worms, but the pig still coughs at times, 
when it ovex’-eats, or in rainy weather. 
What would you advise? I have fed 
nothing but milk until x’ecently. j. M. 
Ohio. 
Lung worms (strongylus paradoxus) 
probably cause the cough, which is of a 
eroupy nature and incurable. Well-fed 
hogs usually throw off the trouble in 
time. Tui’pentine given in the slop at 
the rate of one dram for each 80 pounds 
of body weight, for three successive 
mornings, may do some good; but gen¬ 
erous feeding is of greatest help and the 
hogs should have free range on good 
gi’ass, clover or Alfalfa. A. s. a. 
Joint Disease. 
I have a colt seven weeks old. When 
a week old it developed a large knee in 
front about the size of a large tin cup. 
I opened it, and syi’inged with cax-bolic 
acid and water solution and it healed up. 
Then both hind knees got the same way; 
I treated them likewise. They are well 
now and the colt shows no bad effect 
from the trouble. E. F. 
Tyrone, Pa. 
The foal was affected with joint dis¬ 
ease fi-om infection of the navel at birth. 
This might have been prevented by wet¬ 
ting the stump of the navel at birth with 
a 1-500 solution of corrosive sublimate 
and repeating the application twice daily 
until healing was complete. Or the stump 
of the navel might have been saturated 
with tincture of iodine at bii’th and then 
dusted with a mixture of equal parts of 
finely powdei-ed calomel, boric acid and 
powdered alum until completely coated 
and crusted over. It also is important to 
have the box stall in which the mare 
foals, made perfectly clean; then disin¬ 
fect the flooi’, walls and ceiling and Coat 
with fresh made whitewash, and put in 
new, clean bedding. Even if the foal is 
born on grass disinfect the navel as here 
advised. a. s. a. 
Lame Cow. 
What ails Jersey cow, about nine 
years old? She is lame behind, take 
short steps and seems to be gradually 
growing worse. Lameness began last 
Winter in right foot or leg and seems to 
be worse there now, but appeai-s to affect 
both hindquarters. Cow eats well; is in 
good rig, but possibly hindquarters are 
somewhat shrunken. I thought her rheu¬ 
matic, but she did not mend when she 
went on grass, and had her tubei’culin 
tested, but she did not l’eact. Veteri¬ 
narian thought it might be kidney ti’ouble 
and left medicine, but it has not helped 
hex’. She calved two months ago, got 
along nicely, but the lameness lias in¬ 
creased. Cow has good range and has a 
little Alfalfa hay and a little bran mash. 
Is it wise to use her milk? Her right 
foot was examined last Winter, thinking 
of course the trouble was there, but 
found nothing wrong. v. M. S. 
Arizona. 
The cow should again be tested with 
tuberculin, as tuberculosis is commonly 
present in such cases. Until this has 
been done the milk should not be used. 
Rheumatism would be the next most like¬ 
ly disease and this disease does not well 
respond to treatment. Half an ounce of 
salicylate of soda might be given twice 
daily. a. s. a. 
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