960 
August 2.3, 
milk tests five to 5% per cent butter fat. Scrub 
cows will not do that. The milk is really yellow, 
as Guernsey milk should be. When I arrived at the 
farm, I found the owner, Mr. Moore, hard at work 
in the field, planting corn. Somewhat against my 
protests, he left his work and took me around the 
premises to see the cows, stables and milk-rooms 
where the milk is handled. There are none but 
purebred Guernseys kept on the farm. Milk is pro¬ 
duced at all points nearer the city, but this seemed 
to be the best place to get milk that most appeals to 
the trade. Two hundred quarts are furnished daily 
from his herd and the shipments are regular. The 
city is one where bacterial counts of the milk are 
made at frequent intervals, and the count in the 
milk of this herd ranges about as low as that of tliq 
certified herds that supply milk in the city. 
It may be interesting to note the conditions and 
the manner in which the count is kept down so welk 
It was a little surprising to find that the barn on 
the farm is about as is the barn on the common 
farm. It is not so new and fine as many, and no 
better than most. It is an old barn, with the cows 
in a basement stable. I would not say that the 
stable has been whitewashed more than the stable 
of the average farmer. It is not more roomy nor 
with more windows. Ventilation is not especially su¬ 
perior, although it is good. It is kept rather cleaner 
than the average stable, but no-t better than many 
that I know where the milk goes to a good cream¬ 
ery. This Guernsey herd has been in the process 
of building for a number of years, but the home farm 
where the barns had been erected in fine shape was 
sold a year or two ago and another farm purchased 
some five or more miles nearer the railway station. 
It is on this new farm that the old barn is found, 
and that is how it comes to be as it is. A new barn 
will be built as soon as the necessary preparations 
can be made, which will be in a year or two. It 
will be cheaper to take ample time to get things in 
shape for building and save hiring so much done. 
The old barn, however, is a very decided object 
lesson of what can be done without considerable 
expense, and indicates that after all it is the man 
rather than the stable that determines results. 
Scoring a stable may satisfy some, but it is the milk 
that finally tells the story, and the sort of milk is 
as readily determined by paying for what is wanted 
as in any way. and it is more satisfactory. Sawdust 
is used considerably for bedding, and the stables 
are kept in good condition. The point of greatest 
importance after the price for the securing of good 
milk is the fact that covered or protected pails are 
used in milking. In this way by taking pains, for 
which payment is made, about all dirt and dust is 
kept out of the pail. Add to this the fact that the 
milk is filtered or strained through two thicknesses 
of filter cotton and you have the whole secret of 
clean milk at this farm. There is practically no 
dirt, as the milk comes from the milking, but the 
cotton takes out considerable that tends to the de¬ 
velopment of bacteria. The filtering process and 
quick cooling are responsible for much of the low 
count that has been noticed. 
I wish to say that this is not a fancy farm in the 
ordinary sense. It is run for revenue, and the 
Guernseys were first bred for their excellent pro¬ 
duction of butter of superior quality. As long as 
the old farm was retained at some eight miles from 
town, butter was the product sold. The father who 
established the herd and started the butter business 
moved to town, and the son took up the business. 
As the father was in town it became easier to sell 
the old farm and buy the new one not far from the 
village-. Some help is hired on the farm, and the 
wife assists in the milking, as will be noticed in the 
accompanying picture. Fig. 35b. The cow that is 
shown is the father's wedding present to the bride, 
who, by the way, is considered one of the best 
judges of dairy cows that can be found in the 
vicinity. 
This whole business that lias been described, 
whether one goes to the store in the city or the 
farm, is an example of painstaking. It appears to 
pay well; the farmer gets about half of what the 
milk sells for, and that makes it a paying proposi¬ 
tion. The retail price is 10 cents a quart, or two 
or three cents above that for which the ordinary 
milk of the city sells. Not all can do as has been 
done in this instance, but there is a chance for a 
profit to be made on good milk and supplies where 
pains are taken to satisfy customers, and the goods 
are brought to the consumer with as little trans¬ 
ferring from one to another as can be had with 
conditions as they are. There is some reason for 
the opinion of many that a co-operation of farmers 
can bring products to consumers in large cities by 
the intervention of but a single handler in the city; 
or possibly better by the agency of a co-operative 
association in the city. h. ii. i.. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
WHEN TO CUT BUD STICKS. 
I have seen something in The II. N.-Y. about 
buds for setting being kept cold. What is there to this 
plan? B. w. 
Viola, Wisconsin. 
There is no doubt that there is considerable truth 
in the theory that “bud sticks’* after being cut 
should be kept barely moist and decidedly cool in¬ 
stead of being kept wet and moist. The old plan 
was to wrap them in wet cloth or some such thing, 
and that lias been my practice for years past. Some 
stand them in cans or buckets of water and use 
them in the nursery from them so as to prevent any 
evaporation of the sap. But one of our young horti¬ 
culturists, Hale Harrison, of Maryland, has found 
that to put the bud sticks in a refrigerator where 
they will be kept cool and merely retain their nor¬ 
mal moisture gives far better results than the old 
plan of keeping them in water. Everyone who sets 
a few buds need not follow this plan, for they will 
be or should be set very soon after being cut, but 
where bud sticks need to be kept for a day or more 
it will pay to wrap them iu damp (not wet) paper 
and place where they will be as cool as possible 
without freezing. h. e. v. d. 
YELLOW NEWTOWN. 
Referring to the recent words of caution by Prof. 
W. J. Young, of the Washington Agricultural Col¬ 
lege, about planting it in Stevens County, I wish to 
express my approval of such caution. Aud I do so 
more emphatically because I have been asked about 
this matter aud stated my opinion that it might be 
safe to plant the Yellow Newtown up to 3,000 feet 
elevation there. I made a trip of about 400 miles 
across the country from Wenatchee, into British Co¬ 
lumbia, aud stopped at many places on the way, in¬ 
cluding several just west of Stevens County, some 
in the valleys of the Columbia and its tributaries 
aud also the higher table lauds. I never saw better 
developed apples of the Yellow Newtown, Esopus 
and rnauy other standard varieties than grew just 
across the upper Columbia from Stevens County. 
And I have seen and judged at the expositions and 
apple shows many exhibits from that county that 
included these varieties, so that I know they are 
grown there and develop well, but it is quite certain 
that there are places in that region where they will 
not succeed. 
The development of Winter apples and all other 
fruits depends very greatly on the water supplied 
and that is the main hindrance to it in the Palouse 
country, judging from what I have seen of the ap¬ 
ples there in the orchards and exhibited from there 
at many places. When the rainfall does not exceed 
15 inches, or Less, which occurs at times and places 
in the Palouse country and elsewhere in Washing¬ 
ton and Oregon, there is not enough for the normal 
development of an apple crop. This doubtless oc¬ 
curs in Stevens County sometimes and if means of 
irrigation are not possible and used under such con¬ 
ditions there will be lack of size and flavor in the 
apples, as I have sometimes seen, and this was, 
probably, the cause of the inferiority of the New- 
towns from Asotin County mentioned. It is no 
wonder they were practically worthless, but I ven¬ 
ture the opinion that there can be good apples of 
this variety grown there if plenty of water is used 
in the soil while they are growing. I never saw or 
ate better fruits and vegetables than those I have 
tested often from Asotin County. Washington. 
H. B. V. D. 
A CELEBRATED NEW JERSEY COW CASE. 
Several persons have written regarding a lawsuit 
in New Jersey, over a division line fence. This 
seems to involve a point of interest to many Jersey 
farmers, and we have therefore obtained the deci¬ 
sion of the Supreme Court in this ease. The trouble 
arose over a line fence between two farms. It was 
the duty of the farmer who will be called A iu this 
statement, to erect and maintain a part of this fence. 
He failed to <lo this, so as to make the fence cattle 
tight. As a result a cow belonging to B wandered 
from B’s farm through this fence on to the farm 
of A. She went into a crop of green corn, and ate 
so much of this corn that she bloated and died as 
the result. In general a case for damage would be 
brought by the owner of the cam when cattle break 
in aud destroy iu this way. In this case, however, 
B brought suit against A to recover the damage 
caused by killing this cow. B brought suit on the 
theory that it was the duty of A to maintain a 
lawful partition fence, and because be did not do 
so, his cow was enabled to get into the cornfield and 
kill herself. After a full trial judgment was given 
to B for the value of the cow. A appealed the 
case to the Supreme Court. He argued that 
erecting and maintaining a line fence offered no 
basis for the action. He claimed that B had no 
remedy at the common law, but was bound to keep 
his cow on his own farm. He also claimed that as 
the State law relating to fences did not iu plain 
terms make A liable to B for injury to this cow, 
therefore B had no remedy for any injury resulting 
to the cow through a defective fence. The court 
took up this matter fully, and decided in favor of 
B. It affirmed the judgment of the lower court, and 
statedi the law with regard to the line fence in New 
Jersey. It quoted from a former case as follows: 
So also- if a new right is created by statute, and no 
remedy is prescribed for the party aggrieved by the 
violation of such right, the court, upon the principle 
of a liberal or comprehensive interpretation of the 
statute, will presume that it was the intention of the 
Legislature to give to- the party aggrieved a remedy by 
a common law action for the violation of his statutory 
right. The manifest purpose of the act relating to 
fenees is to permit a beneficial use of land by its own¬ 
ers, and to relieve them from the necessity of guarding 
their cattle, except by means of lawful fences, from 
wandering therefrom, to the expense of which it is 
equitable and just that adjoining owners contribute. 
Where the land is subject to be fenced, the statute re¬ 
quires each of such owners, except where one chooses 
to let his land lie open and vacant, to build and main¬ 
tain a proportion of the fence, and each is under a 
duty to the other to perform this obligation, and its 
violation deprives the injured party of the benefit of a 
duty which is not limited to the relief from the conse¬ 
quences of trespassing, which the statute accords to 
the land owner who is not in fault.* 
From another decision the court held that a 
farmer is entitled to the benefit of his field, not only 
for the use of his own cattle, but also for putting 
in the cattle of others. The negligence of the ad¬ 
joining owner in failing to build his share of a fence 
makes that field unsafe, so that the owner is de¬ 
prived in some degree of the means of exercising his 
right of using that field for herding cattle. 
In another quoted case a horse escaped from the 
land of its owner, through a fence which another 
farmer was bound to repair. The liorse was killed 
by the falling of a haystack on the premises of this 
other farmer, and the higher court held that the 
owner of the horse was entitled to judgment against 
this other farmer, who failed to keep up his fence. 
The court holds in short that where there is a duty 
imposed upon a landowner to erect and maintain 
a division line fence, and he fails to perform his 
duty, that man becomes responsible for the conse¬ 
quences when Ms neighbors’ cattle wander over his 
land and are injured. This case has attracted a 
good deal of attention throughout New Jersey, and 
it appears to settle in that State at least the duty of 
a farmer to maintain in good repair his share of a 
line fence. 
TOMATO BLIGHT; DANDELION MILDEW. 
1. I would like to learn the cause and cure for tomato 
blight. 2. Why is my dandelion bed white like a mil¬ 
dew? Is it likely to be injurious to the plants next 
Spring? c. E. ii. 
Salisbury, N. H. 
1. This is a fungus disease from wMch there is 
always danger of an attack during the mouths of 
July and August, the damp sultry days that occur 
in a greater or lesser number daring these two 
months being particularly favorable to the develop¬ 
ment of the disease. The disease may take the ag¬ 
gressive part from the start, and plants that have 
been green and vigorous, when attacked by the dis¬ 
ease. suddenly turn brown, and within a few days, 
all are destroyed. If the disease has not progressed 
beyond a few plants when first discovered, removing 
and burning all infected leaves at once may check 
the progress of the disease long enough to permit 
a thorough spraying with Bordeaux, with chances of 
preventing any further material damage being doue. 
The plants or portions of plants attacked cannot be 
saved, as there is no cure for the disease, and the 
remediable measures to be employed are altogether 
in the way of prevention. When potato blight is 
known to be iu the near vicinity, or hot muggy 
weather prevails, it is the part of wisdom to be on 
the safe side, by spraying the plants thoroughly with 
standard Bordeaux, before the disease makes its ap¬ 
pearance, as it is much easier to prevent an attack 
of 1 ilight than it is to bring it under control after 
infection takes place. Spraying should be con¬ 
tinued every 10 clays or two weeks as long as there 
is danger from an attack of the disease, which usu- 
all terminates about September 1. 
2. This appears to be an attack of mildew. This 
is a parasitical fungus very common to vegetation, 
and like most fungus diseases that are hurtful to 
plants. It seems that mildew is more apt to attack 
plants when from some cause they are in an abnor¬ 
mal condition. A severe drought or a sudden change 
ctf temperature is almost certain to bring on an 
attack of uiildrew, especially the latter condition. 
Flowers of sulphur dusted over the plauts will in 
most cases bring the disease under control. As a 
spray the following will prove effective: One pound 
of soap, one-half pound of sulphur, mix in one gallon 
boiling water and add nine gallons cold water, k. 
