ess 
TH IS RURAL NEW-YORKER 
GaUdweli, 
The Price Maker 
Gasoline Engines, Cream 
Separators, Manure 
Spreaders, Pump Jacks 
and Feed Grinders at 
prices with quality that 
can’t be beat. 
Caldwell, The Quality Man 
The quality of my goods permit of a 
five year guarantee. Ask the user— 
you will find him well pleased and has 
saved big money by buying from me. 
Caidwell, Your Friend 
Because he sells on 60-day free trial, per¬ 
mits you to use the goods before paying 
for them and allows you to be the judge 
of their value. Just write me before 
No more engine worry. No fear of fire. 
No insurance troubles. The really safe en¬ 
gine—investigated and now sealed with the 
label of security—is here. Every 
Jacobson Engine 
is personalty inspected, approved and labeled by 
the Underwriters Laboratories Co., Inc. Good 
every other way. too. One-third more than rated 
capacity. Easy, sure starting. Never kicks 
back. Hopper cooled. Write for Booklets. 
JACOBSON MACHINE 
Gasoline Engines 0m 
No Cranklnjj—start easily with a slow turn of' 
fly-wheel. Sumter Gear Driven Magneto does 
away with batteries, their expense and trouble. In 
other ways they SAVE YOU MONEY I 
and give best of satisfaction 
for all farm work. Write to¬ 
day for catalogue, dealer’s 
name and Proof of I 
! , Lauson Frost King | 
|j*j ^ efficiency. 
THE JOHN LAUSON I 
MFG.CO. 
218 N.W. SI.. 
'He* Holstein, Wli. 
YOURS 
—For Greatest 
Power Profits! 
Send in your name on postal! Don’t buy 
a power outfit of any kind till you get our 
facts, figures and proof. You don’t 
realize the economy, reliability and 
superiority or the famous 
STEAM 
ENGINES 
They are replacing all other power' 
outfits wherever introduced. Learn 
e reasons. Buy your last engine 
and save lilg money. Leffel 
runs any machine, docs many 
things gasoline can't do. 
Burns anything for fuel. 
Don't wait! Write us now! 
James Leffel & Company j 
Springfield, Ohio ^ 
EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION 
30 Days’ Trial—Stationary When Open 
NOISELESS SIMPLE SANITARY DURABLE 
The Wasson Stanclilou Co., 
iiox (30, *:• Cuba. N. V. 
HAS A HUNDRED USES 
Avenarius Carbolineum has a hundred uses 
about the farm as a wood preservative, insect¬ 
icide, disinfectant, wash, spray and paint. It 
will lengthen the life of 
the silo, the barn, posts 
and other woodwork. 
Keeps lice, mites and 
vermin from poultry and 
stock. The ideal pre¬ 
servative for shingles, 
fioors, silos,troughs, etc. 
Waterproofs tarpaulins, 
ropes, covers, tool hand¬ 
les, hose, wheels, etc. 
Avenarius Carbolineum 
is non-poisonous, non- 
inflammable, and is eas¬ 
ily and quickly applied 
as paint, spray or dip. 
Writefor Bulletin 33,de¬ 
scribing its many uses. 
If your dealer hasn’t it 
—order direct from us. Carbolineum Wood 
Preserving Company, jgj Franklin St., N. Y- 
BROOD MARES FOR NEW YORK. 
We have often referred to the possible 
profit in producing good horses on our 
Eastern farms. Too many farmers seem 
to think that the stallion is about all 
there is to this business. The fact is 
that the brood mares must also be of a 
high type, large, well shaped, and of 
good breeding. One reason why there are 
so many chunks and poorly shaped horses 
on the market is because light and infe- 
. rior mares are often taken for breeding. 
There is no use hoping to obtain a high- 
class horse, even with the best stallion, 
unless the mare is also of the desired 
type. 
The picture at Fig. 379 shows a team 
of mares well suited for this purpose. 
This class of horse will prove very de¬ 
sirable for work on our Eastern farms. 
They are not only capable of handling 
any of our modern tools, but when prop¬ 
erly mated, such mares are sure to give 
a class of colts which will grow into 
heavy and shapely horses. Mr. Coe, who 
sent us this picture, gives the following 
sensible note regarding this matter: 
They are Ohio bred, came this Spring, 
grade Percheron and Shire, six and seven 
years old, weighing 3,000 pounds. I 
bought them for brood mares as well as 
work and have bred them both to a pure¬ 
bred imported Percheron, weighing 2,000 
pounds. I think colts from this class of 
has been used. This will make them 
smooth and prevent absorption. 
If the silo is to be built in circular 
form, I would suggest consideration of a 
plan which I adopted in 1895, and which 
has given most excellent satisfaction. 
One of these silos can be seen at the barn 
of Mr. .T. L. Lowell, in Auburn, Me.; 
where it has been in use for several years. 
The chief advantages of this form of silo 
are its cheapness, durability, a continu¬ 
ous door, good keeping qualities. The 
material for making one of these silos 
consists of three 6x6 inch posts, their 
length the height of silo, and 2x4 staves 
enough to complete the circle. Any good 
lumber may be used. The quantity re¬ 
quired for this silo would be 1,512 feet 
board measure. Two of the posts are 
designed for the door posts, the other is 
for the binding post to be used in the 
rear of the silo. Ten half-inch round 
iron hoops will be needed. These are 
made in half-lengths, with a broad head 
on one end, and a washer and nut on 
the other end; the threads should be 
cut a pretty good length to allow of turn¬ 
ing up the nut if it should be necessary. 
The door posts are framed together by 
placing a plate across the top and a sill 
across the bottom, the distance apart the 
door is to be wide. A bolt is then placed 
across just above the sill and another 
TWO GOOD BROOD MARES ON 
mares and a good horse, well fed and 
taken care of. should find a ready market. 
I aim to raise three or four every year, 
have now three yearlings and two wean¬ 
lings all from same horse. a. d. c. 
Conesus, N. Y. 
A SILO IN MAINE. 
I would like advice in regard to build¬ 
ing a silo in one corner of the basement 
of my barn, which is feet deep, 
walled up on two sides and backed up 
with a mixture of gravel and loam. Hav¬ 
ing plenty of stone as large as a man 
can handle. I wish to wall up the other 
two sides (12x12 feet square by 7% feet 
deep), pointing this new wall inside and 
out with cement; also the old wall inside 
with cement bottom, then extending up 
from the wall with wood. Can I make 
a good silo on this plan? What mixture 
of lime cement and sand would be best 
adapted to this work. w. P. s. 
Livermore Falls, Me. 
You have a most excellent place to 
build a silo, and your plan is a good one. 
Build the inside walls of grout, instead 
of using the large stones and trying to 
bind them together with cement. By 
building a smooth crib the sides of the 
grout wall will be smooth and entirely 
free from any depressions, which they 
will be pretty sure to have if the large 
rocks are used. A circular silo will be 
more satisfactory in every way; it can 
be built cheaper according to its capacity 
than any other form and will be more 
durable. 
If a circular silo is to be built on the 
rock foundation, I would advise that the 
corners be cut sufficiently to allow the 
placing of the wood upon it. This can 
be done by building into the corners so 
as to make it eight-sided. The grout or 
stone part of the silo should be a little 
smaller than the wood to allow of hank¬ 
ing up a little on the inside with soft 
cement to insure a perfect joint. Two 
parts of clean sand to one of cement 
will make a good mixture for the grout; 
into this can be worked as many small 
stones or stone chips as can be used and 
still leave the inside of the wall smooth. 
For the mortar to point up the outside 
wall a little lime may be used, but not 
too much, as it would be more likely to 
crumble. After the walls are completed 
they may be skim-coated lightly with a 
thin mortar in which a little more lime 
A NEW YORK FARM. Fig. 379. 
just below the plate. This insures per¬ 
fect rigidity and the posts will never 
move, no matter how great the pressure. 
Two by two inch grooves are now rab¬ 
beted out of the inside corners of the 
posts for the ends of the boards, which 
are to be used for the door to rest in. As 
many holes are now bored in the posts 
as there are hoops to be used, using 
five-eighths-inch bit. The first hole should 
be placed as near the bottom as possible, 
the next one about one foot above it, the 
second one about 18 inches above that, 
and so on, extending the distance as the 
top is neared and holes for the 10 hoops 
bored. These holes should be bored so 
the inside edges will be two inches from 
the inside edge of the post. The binding 
post should have as many holes bored in 
it as there are in both of the door posts. 
They should be bored as near in pairs as 
possible and allow for the turning of the 
nuts. When building the silo the door 
posts are stood in the proper place and 
firmly stayed. Staves are then stood up 
on around the circle, each one being 
stayed, temporarily, by tacking old bar¬ 
rel staves across them till the farther 
side of the circle is reached. The bind¬ 
ing post is then put in place aud the 
remainder of the staves follow, till the 
other door post is reached. For this in¬ 
side silo the staves do not need to be 
planed or bevelled. The posts take the 
place of staves. A hoop is now taken 
and thrust through the lower hole in the 
right-hand post, on around to the bind¬ 
ing post through the hole in it tyid the 
nut turned up. Another hoop goes 
through the left-hand post around the 
left of the silo in the same way as the 
other, and so on, till the hoops are all 
placed. They can then be turned up till 
the ring, when struck, shows that they 
are tight. The door boards may be any 
square-edged boards of even thickness 
sawed the right length to fit firmly into 
the grooves. After everything is ready 
two men will place the silo in position 
in one-half day. The hoops will cost 
about $1 each. 
If a square silo is to be built I would 
advise tlie use of thoroughly seasoued, 
tougued and grooved boards one inch 
thick used single, placed on a firm frame 
August 30, 
and put on horizontally. The door may 
be made the same as the door of the 
circular silo. The boards should be put 
on with the groove edge up and the 
groove filled with coal tar to insure a 
perfect joint. B. walker m’keen. 
Maine. 
EXPENSE IN SELLING MILK. 
Having rented a farm for four years 
and making no headway on account of 
high rental, small outfit of tools and very 
little stock, my wife and I decided to 
sink or swim, so bought Glen Farm, our 
present location, in Fall of 1901. We 
were .$200 in debt and a friend loaned us, 
on mortgage, that amount in addition to 
total purchase price of farm. We had 
for stock one old cow, two heifers which 
we had raised, and a good horse. The 
oldest heifer freshened soon after we 
moved. She had a nice heifer calf, which 
we raised. The following Spring, after 
much consideration and upon advice of a 
friend, wo bought a milk route, selling 
about 100 quarts per day. We had noth¬ 
ing to pay down on route and I gave my 
note for total purchase price. Our idea 
was to raise all the milk possible and 
buy the rest. We had no money with 
which to buy cows, and the farm did 
not then raise more than enough hay to 
feed what stock we had, so for the first 
year or two we had to buy the greater 
part of milk sold. However, the route 
proved to be a paying business and we 
were soon selling about 200 quarts a day. 
In a year or two we paid the note given 
for route and were able to buy two or 
three cows. These were bred to the best 
bull in the neighborhood (at that time 
a purebred bull was an exception) and 
all good heifer calves were raised. In 
a short time we had six or seven cows, 
several heifers and the route had grown 
so it took about all my time. We had 
to have help for the farm and our varied 
experiences with hired men and boys 
would fill a good-sized book. 
Getting thoroughly disgusted with 
hired help, we finally sold all the cows 
and all the heifers but two of the best 
ones. We were able to buy plenty of 
milk and get along without any help, 
which proved to be much more pleasant 
and about as profitable. However, our 
farm was not improving, so in 1907 I 
took a neighbor as partner, in the milk 
business only; he having a farm near 
mine, and we began to stock up with 
cows again. The two heifers above men¬ 
tioned were now giving milk and I 
bought several more cows. My partner 
and I went on the milk team each week 
alternately, he caring for my stock and 
I his when we were on the team. In this 
way we managed very well without hiring 
help, and were able to do considerable 
work on our farms. 
The milk route, although proving prof¬ 
itable, had always been distasteful to us. 
My wife’s health was poor, and we had 
had a long uphill pull. The long hours 
with no Sunday or vacations had begun 
to tell on us both, so in a year or two 
we sold our share of the route. Since 
then we have improved and gradually in¬ 
creased our stock by breeding our best 
cows to registered bulls (either Ilolstein- 
Friesian or Ayrshire) and raising the 
heifer calves, so that we now have seven 
cows and nine promising heifers, having 
raised all the heifers and all but two of 
the cows. 
My limited experience with the scrub 
or grade cows we bought when stocking 
up has been that their powers of milk 
production are largely undeveloped. I 
find that a liberal grain ration of the 
right kind with plenty of roughage and 
water and kind treatment, will usually 
make the ordinary scrub that does not 
(or just barely) pay for her keep, a 
profitable investment. But I prefer to 
raise my own cows; they are used to 
the farm, more gentle, stay in pasture 
better and if they have a sore teat or 
udder will only step around a little or 
perhaps lift a foot during milking, where¬ 
as the ones we buy are apt to be wild, 
for a time at least, and if teats or udder 
hurts them when milking, their hind foot 
will come up like a steel-trap. This 
takes time to overcome. A fairly good 
cow in this section costs $100 and, while 
I have kept no account, am positive we 
can raise them for that at a profit. 
*Xe\v Hampshire. l. e. e. 
“Why don't women dress sensibly?” 
“If they did, half the industries of the 
world would go to smash.”—Louisville 
Courier-J ournal. 
