1913. 
THE RUKA.lv 
SELF-BOILED LIME-SULPHUR MIXTURE. 
We have had more or less to say about 
the self-boiled lime-sulphur in connection 
with spraying for brown rot. A num¬ 
ber of readers ask how this mixture is 
it was through that little nucleus of 
growers that the whole industry of South¬ 
ern California became aroused to the con¬ 
dition that confronted them, that they 
were face to face with failure. 
made, and so we reprint the little pic¬ 
ture and the description from Bulletin 
99 of the Tennessee Experiment Station. 
This is the Scott formula worked out by 
Prof. W. M. Scott, of the U. S. Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture: 
The formula giving the best results is: 
Eight pounds flour of sulphur, eight 
pounds fresh lime (burnt), 50 gallons 
water. In making this mixture best re¬ 
sults can be obtained by making a larger 
quantitq—say four times this amount, 
as follows: To eight or 10 gallons of 
water in a barrel add 32 pounds of fresh 
stone lime (the quicker acting lime the 
better) ; when the slaking begins add 32 
pounds of fine sulphur which has been 
run through a sieve to break up all 
lumps. As the lime continues to slake, 
water may be added to keep it from dry¬ 
ing. The mixture should be constantly 
SELF-BOILED LIME-SULPIIUR. 
Fig. 382. 
stirred until the slaking is over, when 
more water is added to stop the cooking. 
Strain and dilute to make 200 gallons of 
spray. Only a small amount of soluble 
sulphur should be present; the desired 
solution is a mechanical mixture of lime 
and sulphur. In straining the spray the 
coarse parts of the lime are to be taken 
out, but the sulphur worked through the 
sieve. 
A FRUIT DISTRIBUTING SYSTEM. 
Part I. 
[We have many questions from farm¬ 
ers about organizing companies for sell¬ 
ing or distributing. Now and then some 
one comes asking what we would have 
our experiment stations do to help the 
business side of farming. Both questions 
are well answered in Circular 11 of the 
Extension Division of the Utah Experi¬ 
ment Station. This bulletin contains a 
report of a speech delivered by J. Arthur 
Reid on “The Organization of a Fruit 
Distributing System.” Mr. Reid repre¬ 
sents a great fruit exchange and we print 
a synopsis of what he said.] 
About 25 years ago in Southern Cali¬ 
fornia, there were only 3,000 acres of 
oranges. The industry was new. In 1892 
the more oranges a man grew the less 
money he had at the end of the year. The 
so-called middlemen had combined and 
had formed the first real organization 
that was a success. Their idea was that 
the growers themselves had no method 
Organized Under Duress. —It was 
at that time that we commenced to form 
the organization afterwards known as the 
Southern California Fruit Growers’ Ex¬ 
change. You can see that it was com¬ 
pulsory. The growers got together. They 
didn’t have much confidence in one an¬ 
other. There were some of our growers 
who said, “The only way we can manage 
a business of this kind is to hire Mr. 
Blank and pay him $50,000 a year and 
have him sell our fruit.” 
“You are on the wrong track,” was the 
reply of many of our growers, “The prin¬ 
ciple of the exchange, as we see it, is for 
you to transact your own business in a 
business-like manner.” We had great op¬ 
position in the beginning in putting into 
practice what we believed was the true 
principle. There were not enough of the 
growers who believed that the theory that 
had been invoked could be made anything 
different from the old system of commis¬ 
sion men who had packed our fruit for 
us and shipped it East, and sold it there 
through brokers at a f. o. b. price. 
There was no system whatever about reg¬ 
ulating the shipments into a section or 
caring for the distribution of the fruit. 
When we began business the first year 
we had over 90 per cent of the entire 
crop, because there were over nine-tenths 
of the growers who were willing to grab 
at the last straw in the hope of saving 
themselves financially. 
Profiting by Mistakes. —We formed 
an alliance with a great many brokers 
who came to us and said, “Gentlemen, 
you can’t sell this fruit. We will sell it 
for you and pay you cash for it.” And 
in many instances they did, so that at 
the end of the first season, with 90 per 
cent of the business we had paid our 
growers a fair revenue, we had started 
the organization and had done nine-tenths 
of the business through th.e old methods, 
and the greater proportion of that nine- 
tenths was done by these men themselves 
as brokers. Then they said to the trade 
in the East, “We are the only people 
that you can depend on to get good 
oranges.” They went to our growers and 
said, “The organization is all right as 
an organization, but can’t you see that 
you can’t sell the fruit, and therefore 
if you will organize and appoint us your 
selling agents we will sell the fruit.” The 
second year we lost from 90 per cent of 
the business to a little less than 60 per 
cent, and still we held together as an 
organization, and still were marketing 
fruit on the same basis by trying to es¬ 
tablish a f. o. b. value and sell it East 
at a f. o. b. price. At the beginning of 
the third year we realized that these 
friends of ours had taken the bulk of the 
best fruit in the country and had left us 
with about 40 per cent. We' went ahead 
just the same and in the three years we 
decided on this scheme. We appointed 
a man in Chicago and told him to sell 
the goods. lie sold heavily to a Chicago 
firm. Our cars were all shipped out on 
a 30-day draft. One day we got a wire 
from Chicago that this firm had failed, 
and we lost $19,600. That was almost 
the last straw to break the camel’s back. 
Our organization at this point would 
have completely failed if it hadn’t been 
for a few men who knew they were right. 
“Don’t you see,” these men said, “that 
you cannot successfully run this busi¬ 
ness under the old methods? The only 
thing for you to do is to adopt new 
methods and go at it from a business 
standpoint and handle your own busi¬ 
ness in a business-like manner.” 
of distributing the crop, and therefore itj 
was foolish for anyone to advance money 
on the fruit. The grower was confronted 
with the problem of how he was going 
to get anything out of his fruit. The 
more fruit he grew the poorer he was at j 
the end of the year. Man after man in 
that country that had mortgaged his 
orchard, when the end of the season came 
found he was in debt something in the 
neighborhood of two or three thousand 
dollars, and he hadn’t paid last year’s 
interest on the mortgage and had no 
prospects of paying this year’s interest, 
■die banks had a great many mortgages 
on orange property, and in every instance 
that I can recall now of a mortgage that 
was in the hands of that bank thene was 
from 18 months’ to two years’ interest 
due on the mortgage. The bank said, “We 
don’t want to foreclose; we have no 
method of getting money out of it.” They 
urged the growers to organize if possible. 
One gentleman had gathered together a 
few neighbors and friends to join what 
he called a co-operative association, and 
that association in the year 1892-3 was 
the only organization that I knew any¬ 
thing about in Southern California; and 
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Aft 
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Equal To Finest Auto Springs 
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