1016 
J '"'” THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
THAT EX-SLAVE’S FARMING. understand that he generally makes two or three The crop rotation occupies four years, corn, oats, 
Use of Organic Matter With Lime baks pei acie on ^ and handled i Q this way. This clover, mixed hay. The fertilizer may seem some- 
„ - . . Tr ’ seems to be about the story of Sam McCall, and he what low in price for the analysis, i. e 4 5 per cent 
( ne of our readers in Vermont recently sent us is doing on a concentrated scale what the Expert- ammonia, 9.5 per cent available phosphmic acid and 
" F f s T“ e g oaer'“our ° f Agricultural Dc- 0.5 per « potash, but £ 
, , , f . Vermont friend partment at Washington, have been for years advis- nitrate of so,la. cotton-seed meal, basic slag and 
ays that .( the statements made m tins article are Ing. The soil ot most parts ot the South has been muriate of potash. 1 find it satMacZ not on!v 
line, it ought to he investigated, and he is right, for years drained of organic matter, and of its lime, for the oats, but for the clover also 
J lie newspapers are full of articles which give some and the thing to do to improve this soil and thus Labor cost is obtained as follows: A man boards 
wonderful statement of a marvelous farm record, increase the crops, is to stuff that soil with organic himself and costs me $ 4 ,so a year working 11 1 
Ihe object seems to be to tell as big stories as is matter of some sort, and then use lime, both to de- hours weekdays and five hours Sundays or a yeart'y 
possible, to get into type all the great things which cay the organic matter and to put the soil into better total of 3,848 hours per year, which makes the-cost 
may be easily done on the American farm. Most of physical condition. That plan has been advocated approximately 12.5 cents' per hour T assume th^ 
these stories have little foundation in fact. They for years, and the Gulf States with their mild cli- a horse works 900 hours a year and that Tt costs 
are printed in order to make entertaining reading, mate and ability to grow Crimson clover, cow peas, me .$50 per year to keep him-it surely does not cost 
for the average city man seems to like to have agn- and other leguminous crops are admirably situated less than that—which gives 5 5 cents per hour per 
cultural information served up in the form of a to carry out the plan. This is what Sam McCall horse as the cost of his labor 
fan-y tale. Under ordinary circumstances the farmer has done. He has grasped the situation, and in some I trust your readers are sufficiently interested in 
could afford to laugh at this ridiculous nonsense, but way learned that his soil responds to immense quan- the vitally important subject of costs to criticize this 
it has a serious side as well, for all this guff and tities of organic matter. Therefore he plows under cost statement freely as a result of their own ex 
fany literature has its effect upon the city consurn- green crops, and also scrapes up everything he can perienee, for naturally I am extremely anxious to 
er who are troubled now seriously by what they find on the rest of his farm, and works it into the cut the above cost whereve“ I can wLy 
call the high cost of living. Such stuff as the news- soil of a few acres. There is no great discovery Vermont. vvLer s brown 
papers punt naturally leads these consumers to be- about it, and no great magic, or new development of 
lieve that farming is not only immensely profitable, mystery. Sam McCall simply knows how to stuff A COW’S TEETH, 
but perhaps the easiest job on the face of the earth, his soil, and then take the stuffing out of it and One of mv „.;ii , 
Thus these people lose the most important thought V" °“ * 
connected with this discussion of the 35-cent dollar. mash. Then, too, there is a great reduction 
They th!,* the farmers are a set of highway rob- . ^Sk tog ’jSrt'dlSS: 
Deis, holding up the consumers, compelling them to - ^ \ ered that nearly all of her teeth are loose, 
pay extravagant prices, and pocketing practically / • i/ABr¥ *. ' \ and 1 am urged to believe this may be the 
point of view the publication of all this guff and / • \ th< \ gum . s - T . w. o. c. 
extravagant talk about successful farming is a great ' J 8 p.ukill, X. \. , 
mistake, and injury to the business. The article in I T ront “ 1C,S01 ‘ teeth ot a11 adult cows 
question purported to tell the story of Sam McCall, / jj !"?. °°* e ‘ . ero / , not 80 tbey u ' ould 
an Alabama negro. McCall is said to be an ex-slave .&£ “ Ja J e tke >ai * of rhe bard palate above * 
about 75 years old. He lives in. Clark Countv. Ala- ® 1 o turther prevent injury and likewise 
bama, and according Ag/ 7 enable the ammal more easily and se- 
be found on any farm h ^_ she should 
States. The former b» sold to the 
slave knew nothing of - — _ butcher. The cow 111 
cultivation™but°\vas°a FATR SAMPLES 0F TIIE J - IT - HALE PEACH (A Bud Sport of the Elberta.) Fig. 390. oiTto” “ve Profit 0 
gathering leaves in "he^FaU to^spreacf'ovir their*tond ara thou ^ an( l s of white men a11 over Alabama able, and if so should be disposed of as suggested, 
to form humus in the soil. Sam never heard of the 10 mignt Jllst :l s wel1 do the 8am e thing. As she has suddenly gone off feed and fallen off in 
r d ll , uuuis ’ bllt b ? concluded the white farmers knew COST OF TROVVIMr nATC IQll milk dow it: is most Ukely, however, that she is 
what they were doing and he followed suit. He later Ub OKU YV UNO UA1 5— 1913. . .. . .. . . 
decided to use the refuse of all crops as a natural As a result of keeping a complete but simple svs- 1,!," from mdigestwn, and we would give her a 
teitilizer. At the time he began to cultivate his tern of •ieemmt< T o,ui tn-if it- i,,, . ’ tull dose ot physic, such as 1 *4 pounds of Epsom 
land commercial fertilizers were little known and the 0t accounte > 1 fin(1 that lf ba » cost me this year saltg (if ghe j 1 000 D0uuds in hfllf 
ex-slave has never made use of them during his en- >>0-b cents per bushel for 847 bushels from my 14- . ^ w 
°" nrem - acre crop of oats. This cost is obtained as follows- “ ?'T g f° U " *“ gW “* *“ d * CuptuI 0( 
Daring the past five years we have investigated , re,- acre . “ rap m f ,8se8 f *’* < ' ose> ?° wly an<1 ««• 
several hundred of such stories generally finding a , la , !tcs - Per thousand. $0.52 tlllly 110111 11 long-necked bottle. After the physic 
sin-ill ha sis of fact „„a„ ‘ , ' . , Interest at b per cent on $30, the average value of lias acted give her half a dram of fluid extract of 
smai 1 oasis ot fact upon which some dreamer with one acre. This latter obtained bv dividing the .. * g, ^ ^ . 
a limber imagination has built a wonderful struc- tatal v , alue . of farm exclusive of‘buildings” and , “ ’ tuo drams ot fluul extract ot gentian 
ture In order tn ion,,,, „ , „r st • • b - v tbe area of the farm. 1.80 root aud two ounces of whisky three times a day in 
we sent to a numbed U ho^lotTl^T cSfi a qUart ° f she is wel. 
If-im 01 J ' t f\ D i ggar ; f Uie EXPCriment Stati ° U - H«S°win U i (ffisking 1 ™!^ 8 hours'aiid peg-tooth one ^ a " U ”' - 
greatTexaggerated? Tt ZTuc^Tl T actu-rt . toTl^Z . ° UG . ^. h ?T. .f. 23 .f .59 SEEDING IN CORN BY MACHINE, 
farmer .md 1 ,, f , ‘ f broe bushels at 50 cents. 1.50 Most of our people who sow cover crops in corn 
larraer, and he has for several years produced very Fertilizer, 400 pounds of (4.5-9.5-6.51 at 8137 54 S , .7 . ‘ 
large yields of cotton on a small acreage. lie also Ceding one man and one pair horses 1.25 hour ' ' ‘ * . 1 5 ' Ul ' aiul then work lt m ' A,th 
grows cpv-prni p rnilc , „„„ ... ,, ' , .. at 23.5 cents. 29 a walking harrow. W hen carefully done, this gives 
example he drills -i mw if ! c hame aut ' <or lu . ,1 t hl !?; r aia> aian and oue l >air borses °- 7r> hour a good seeding, but it means going over the field 
rows of cotton, and then when the cotton has been Harvesting, done by a neighbor with his three ' twice -’ and a careless workman will often make a 
cut out, cau, of course, sow a cover crop like Crim- ofS iu ’ h^ua'fioid,'awn'and „„V pah- 1U ° '""Z, 5 " 1 " ” 1 ' e l° Ver ' . . „ . , , 
wn clover, to be plowed under. These methods are har f,‘ s - 1 -° bou L j 111 ' 11 at 12.5 cents and horses \ run >ei of the To«a Agncultuiist lias an 
not nrnniiv.ii iv.,. 1 , . at 11 cents per hour. 70 excellent article on YY inter wheat for Iowa, and 
r»rrrie 0 ^ .* .»•- 101 «s^ks 
wMcn r e o{ „‘re e aTear:fr ts ot r- table TtZ F,:z ln z;: 
For instance we understand the &ilme spat * My 14 acres gave a >o 847 bushels, or 60.5 bushels drill will work through between two rows of corn. 
acres of land \11 the leaf semin^ 11 * V°n i* ’T Mt ' r ° 1 1,aV . e calle<1 U 60 l>ushels 1>er acre iu the Tbe s ^ed is dropped from the hopper, and the disks 
vegetable matter' ava^birfn^w? 3 i t 1 m ■ comiJutatlaa T a »4 d ^.34 the total cost of pro- running behind cover the seed and firm the ground, 
be scraped or gathered for use L ' f'™ u . ,u llu11 per aci ' g dlvlded l) - v <!0 - tbe - vicl(1 Per acre, YVhile this is not considered a sure method of drilling 
.or; 1 r;r ;!0 - c “ uts iis the cost ^ ^ ..... °„ 
put in rapidly and effectively with such a machine. 
