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J.U13. 
BARREN PEACH TREES. 
I have quite a number of peach trees 
that make very rank growth. Some of 
these have been root pruned, also a good 
many have been removed to another part 
of the garden. They have made some 
wonderfully strong growths again, but no 
fruit. Several had quite a showing of 
flowers but failed to set fruit. I have 
Summer pruned some of these rank grow¬ 
ers and when the time comes for me to 
Winter prune I shall thin out any trees 
where branches are very thick. I have 
had considerable experience in poach 
growing in England; as you know I pre¬ 
sume most peaches being grown there 
under glass. When a tree there makes 
rank growth we root-prune, which soon 
brings the tree into bearing, cutting out 
last season’s fruiting wood and laying in 
sufficient new shoots to fill in spaces 
again. Is Summer pruning a benefit to 
a peach tree in any way? Do fogs in¬ 
jure^ tree blooms in any way in pollina¬ 
tion? Do you recommend root pruning 
for these trees? s. j. 
Waterford, Conn. 
Peach growing in the fruit houses of 
England or anywhere else and in the 
open air under natural climatic condi¬ 
tions are very different. I have had no 
experience in house fruit culture, but 
have from childhood been working with 
and studying the various kinds of fruit 
growing in several parts of this country 
and have observed it in many other 
places. In Connecticut I have seen many 
fine peach orchards, but none of these 
was on the seacoast. It is more difficult 
to grow most kinds of fruit there, and 
peaches in particular, for the trees are 
quite sensitive to sudden changes and 
cold winds at any time of year. The 
fogs at blooming time are unfavorable to 
pollination of the flowers, and this may 
be the cause of the failure to set fruit. 
I think it is the main cause, although the 
excessive pruning that is mentioned Is 
not necessary nor is it good for the trees. 
Peach trees will endure a lot of abuse 
and often bear well provided the climate 
is favorable. The more the trees are cut 
back when in the dormant stage the more 
rank will be the new growth. This new 
wood ought to bear well the following 
year, but it would bear even better if it 
was not quite so rank. The average 
European fruit grower is too free with 
the knife and saw for our orcharding 
according to my ideas. Summer is a 
good time to prune apple and other 
forms of fruit trees, but I have never 
liked the cutting back of peach and other 
stone fruit trees at this time of year, 
except in case of danger of very late 
growth that might be injured by the first 
freezes. The heading in very late in 
Summer would tend to early maturity of 
wood. But usually Summer pruning of 
peach trees is all wrong. 
As to root-pruning of trees or anything 
else I have never believed in it or prac¬ 
ticed it. In fruit houses, where the 
room is limited and the conditions all 
far from natural, it may be and no doubt 
is often needed and beneficial. But in 
outdoor fruit growing in America I 
would positively object to it. Why feed 
a horse well and fill him with life aud 
vigor and then thrash or starve him for 
his efforts to do something that the good 
treatment has brought about. No, give 
him something useful to do and let him 
work. Aud so with the peach tree. Feed 
it well and give the branches space to 
grow and then let it bear. If there are 
no climatic or other opposing influences 
it will repay for all the trouble and space 
given it. If this inquirer will try to for¬ 
get about all that he knows of house fruit 
culture abroad and go to the Connecticut 
\ alley and look at the successful peach 
orchards there and ask the advice of the 
growers he may learn how to grow 
peaches on the coast, but I believe his 
situation is bad for this fruit. 
II. E. VAN DEMAN. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Pour on water as you pack them in and 
sprinkle on slaked lime from time to 
time. If possible throw in a little horse 
manure as the leaves are packed away 
This will act like kindling in a stove to 
start fermentation. The silo would do, 
but it will be expensive to set the leaves 
in and out. A pit or hole in the ground, 
lined with concrete and covered would be 
good. If you could have the drain from 
your house run into such a pit it would 
help. In our own case gathering a bulkj 
mass like forest leaves has never paid 
with the usual prices for farm labor. It 
might pay in your case where the humus 
is wanted for flower culture. 
1063 
The Country School Year. 
What do the country people think of 
the 3G-week school year? And they say 
it will be 38 weeks next year! That is 
very well for village and city schools, 
but in rural districts I think 3G weeks 
should be the limit. There are many 
districts in the State whose schools have 
to. close two or three weeks during the 
Winter and Spring on account of deep 
snow or high water. Shall they be 
obliged to hold school until July to make 
up that time? The conditions prevailing 
in rural districts are very different from 
those in cities and the same laws should 
not apply to both. A\ hat is the remedy ? 
\\ ould not a discussion of this subject 
be profitable in your columns? Is not 
the individual teaching possible in the 
small school of more value than the close 
grading and arbitrary standards of ac¬ 
complishment necessary in the consoli¬ 
dated school? COUNTRY MOTHER. 
Chenango Co., N. Y. 
Notes on Texas Peaches. 
We have made several references to a 
group of peach varieties which were orig¬ 
inated by J. W. Stubenraueh of Texas. 
We think there are several of these va¬ 
rieties likely to prove valuable. Mr. 
Stubenraueh describes their behavior this 
year: 
“Owing to a freeze, with a tempera¬ 
ture of 24 degrees (eight degrees frost) 
the week following Easter, our fruit crop 
in general suffered severely. Kieffer 
pears are all killed; they had just about 
finished blooming. Same is the case 
with Elberta peaches; the Carman came 
through with about 40 per cent of a crop 
which is now ripening. Two of the new 
ones, Eva and Joe, both earlier bloomers 
than the rest, are the same as Elberta, 
none left. The remainder of the lot came 
out more or less equal to Carman, two 
of them even with a full crop. From this 
experience, will it not be reasonable for 
us to conclude that these newcomers es¬ 
caped injury to the same extent as did the 
Carman. They are of equal hardiness 
with this now well-known peach? Can 
we not thus hope to have a line of de¬ 
sirable, hardy varieties for future plant¬ 
ing? For myself I shall not plant an¬ 
other Elberta. Lena, of better quality; 
equal size and a somewhat better ap¬ 
pearance, ripening with it, came through 
the freeze with n good crop. It has the 
large bloom _ of _ Carman and blooms at 
same time with it. There is one singular 
and, by the way, desirable feature about 
this class (North China type) of peaches, 
it is a rare thing that we have any 
doubles, while of the Persiau, or Craw¬ 
ford types, we have often had over half 
of doubles, triplets, and even four of 
them in a lump, thus entailing extra 
work in thinning.” 
J- w. STUBENRATJCH. 
Limestone Co., Tex. 
Rotting Down Forest Leaves. 
I have large quantities of leaves from 
maple trees every Fall and I need all 
the humus I can get for my business as 
florist. My problem is how best to treat 
Hie leaves to make them available for 
use. I have used them for bedding my 
•'"us, but I am out of the cow business 
now I have a 35-ton silo and I am 
uondenng whether the leaves put into 
■ his with a little moisture would rot suffi- 
ciently to be plowed under in the Spring? 
"onld there be danger of fire? If I do 
not use tlie silo I shall have to build a 
place to store them. a. a. y. 
Connecticut. 
I he thiug to do is to ferment or rot 
these leaves rapidly. Moisture and lime 
yill do this. Pack the leaves down hard 
into auy place where they will be held. 
Manure for Orchards. 
The New York Central Railroad has 
made arrangements whereby the output 
of the Michigan Central car cleaning 
yards at Montrose, Ontario, Canada, will 
be offered for sale to fruit growers ou 
the New York Central lines, in New 
York, at a price of 20 cents per ton f. o. 
b. Montrose in carload lots; minimum 
weight of which will be 25 tous. To as¬ 
sist farmers in obtaining this manure 
cheaply, a very low freight rate has been 
filed, becoming operative August 25. 1913. 
By these arrangements any fruit grower 
along the New York Central lines, east 
of Rochester, can secure manure deliv¬ 
ered to his station at less than 90 cents 
per tou including the purchasing price. 
Between Rochester and Oswego, the cost 
the manure will range from 98 cents 
to $1.30 per ton. This manure is from 
hog, sheep and cattle cars, and is mixed. 
In accordance with Dominion health reg¬ 
ulations. it is composted for three months 
before it is shipped, and is well rotted. 
Orders for manure may be sent to Geo. 
Mortimer, freight agent, Michigan Cen¬ 
tral R. It., Niagara Falls, Ontario, Can¬ 
ada. Charges for the manure will fol¬ 
low the car and will be collected with 
the freight charges at the point of desti¬ 
nation. This manure may he inspected 
at Montrose, Cau., hut under no circum¬ 
stances will it be shipped subject to ap¬ 
proved on arrival. Information regarding 
freight rates may be had from local New 
York Central freight agents. These ar¬ 
rangements do not permit of profit in 
the handling of the manure, ajul the only 
reason for making them is’ to render 
this supply of manure available for fruit 
growers. F. S. Welsh, agriculturist. 
Grand Central Terminal. New York, will 
give any further information. 
Insist on the 
Lehigh brand 
A concrete watering 
trough will last indefinitely. It won’t leak or 
rust, and there is no cost for repairs. Concrete construction is now the 
accepted method for the modern farm—but you must exercise care in the 
selection of your cement. 
Insist on Lehigh Cement and assure yourself of best results. 
The higher the tensile stredgth the greater the durability of the 
structure. 
Lehigh has earned a reputation for tensile strength, uniform 
color and fineness. 
Write for our valuable Cement book - 106 
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LLIlKXll CEMENT 
3Drew (farriers 
Dump anywhere Within a 45-Foot Radius 
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Mvtliiig 
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Buy What You Need 
now ; more as your herd increases. 
Each stall a complete interchange¬ 
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Bowls. Combination Manger and 
Feed Box, Double Sure-Stops. 
etc. Remember—years of 
square dealing buck the Drew 
guarantee. Write for latest 
catalogs. 
DREW CARRIER CO., 
132 Monroe St., Waterloo, Wis. 
~~— Eastern Branch, Rome, N. V. 
YOU NEED THIS GASOLINE ENGINE 
Its a husky, strongly made, simply designed 
high-class power, the kind of an engine you 
point to with pride. Just as you do a first-class 
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if you do not find It the best gasoline en 
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send It right back. We want# to tell 
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Send for It to-day and learn about the kind 
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