1110 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
Live Stock and Dairy 
TRAINING AN OX TEAM. 
It looks^as though the ox were coming 
back for slow farm work on many of our 
farms. We have many letters about 
oxen and how to train them. It may 
seem strange in these days of modern 
machinery, high-priced horses and quick 
work that the slow old ox should find a 
place, but the fact is that “working beef” 
is in demand. The oxen shown at Fig. 
427 are owned by Mr. A. G. Paul, of 
Erie Co., N. Y. He tells us how to break 
or train such a team. 
These oxen were broken to all kinds 
of work when I bought them, and were 
broken the old-fashioned rough-and-tum¬ 
ble way; the boy working with the steers 
until he got them so they would drive, 
then used them at all kinds of work on 
the farm, working them steadily all the 
while till he got them to be one of the 
best ox teams to be produced. I will 
give an outline of the best method of 
breaking a pair of young cattle, say two 
or three years old: that is to take them 
on to an old-fashioned barn floor, or 
build a pen about the same size, say, 
about 14 by 30, high enough and strong 
enough so as they cannot jump over it 
or through it, and then put the steers 
in there. Shut them in, then take yoke, 
take out one of the bows and hang it up, 
and put the other bow and yoke on one 
of the steers. Let him go, let him jump 
and tear around on this floor until he 
finds out that he cannot get away from 
it and gives up; then take it off and put 
it on the other one the same way, and 
let him go till he gives up the same as 
the other. Then take it off him and leave 
them half an hour till they are rested. 
Then you need a good whip, say a stock 
a business a good idea of dairy form, no 
matter in which breed of cattle it occurs, 
is of more practical benefit than an ideal 
of the perfect Jersey or Holstein or other 
breed. Unless there is something in the 
owner that reaches out with affectionate 
pride to the animal, something that keeps 
his imagination busy with plans for the 
happiness and comfort of the animal, and 
makes the advent of every calf an event 
awaited with delight and hope, cows as 
related to that man have no breed what¬ 
ever, not any more than mowers and 
horse-rakes have. Breed concerns itself 
with reproduction and progressive im¬ 
provement. Eliminate that and the 
whole question resolves itself into a mat¬ 
ter of tools. If you have one or two cows 
in your herd that you admire more and 
like better than the others, the breed of 
those cows is the one for you to invest 
in, because they meet your requirements 
better than the others. 
DISINFECTION AFTER TUBERCULOSIS. 
Is it possible to disinfect perfectly 
buildings in which cases of bovine tuber¬ 
culosis have occurred? If so, what is 
the method? How long do the germs of 
tuberculosis survive in pastures after the 
removal of the diseased animals? 
Massachusetts. A. D. M. 
It is possible to perfectly disinfect any 
building, but of course more difficult to 
do thorough work in an old cow stable 
with innumerable hiding places for dis¬ 
ease germs than in a well-built structure. 
The method to be used would depend 
largely upon the conditions present in 
any given case. It should be borne in j 
from six to seven feet long with a lash 
hanging about two feet long, so you can 
stand behind them hit them over the 
heads or on their bodies just as needs 
may require. Take that and go back into 
the pen and put the yoke onto both of 
them and let them tear around again till 
they get tired and find they cannot get 
away; at the same time take your whip 
and see they do not turn the yoke. When 
they get tired unyoke them and let them 
rest again. In about an hour yoke them 
up again and go to driving them on 
the floor. Drive them on the haw awhile, 
then on gee awhile, and each time when 
they get tired unyoke them and let them 
rest. Follow this up day after day until 
broke handily and will mind well, also 
teach them to be yoked and unyoked on 
the floor. When this is accomplished 
yoke them up and take them out into the 
open and go to driving them and hitch 
them to something light, working care¬ 
fully each day. Care should be taken not 
to overload or overdo them for the first 
year, for if you overwork while breaking 
them it is liable to make them sulky. 
A. G. PAUL. 
WHAT BREED FOR A MILKMAN? 
Could you tell me what breed of cows 
would be best suited for me, as I am in 
the milk business and have private cus¬ 
tomers? A. A. 
Litchfield Co., Conn. 
No one can tell without knowing the 
man and how he regards a cow. If this 
cow stands for something to be bought 
and sold like a work horse or mowing 
machine there is no best breed of cow. 
The merits of the great breeds, Hol- 
steins, Jerseys and Guernseys, not to 
omit Ayrshires, are so nearly balanced 
that it is impossible to pick out any one 
breed and say that it is absolutely the 
best. A milkman can probably make 
more money by owning several Ilolsteins 
for quantity, a few Guernseys for color, 
enough Jerseys to grade the total product 
up to purchasers’ requirements, an Ayr¬ 
shire or two to reduce the number of 
Ilolsteins required, than by breeding any 
one special sort of cows; the more when 
the habit is to buy rather than to breed 
to save pasture and roughage. For such 
mind that the germs of tuberculosis may 
leave the cow through three different 
channels; with the milk; in the cow’s 
saliva, coughed or slobbered about the 
stable; and in the manure. Because of 
the greater number of germs found in the 
manure, this is the most dangerous source 
of infection. Cows cough but little, and 
tubercular matter raised from their 
lungs is largely swallowed and passes out 
of the body with the feces. The first 
step, then, in the disinfection of a stable 
should be to clean it thoroughly, remov¬ 
ing all manure that can be got rid of both 
from the floor and walls of the stable. 
Then the feeding bunks should receive 
attention; if of wood, and old, they 
might better be torn out entirely, though 
with care, they may be disinfected in 
place. The stable floor, feeding bunks, 
and walls, at least as high as they have 
become soiled, should now be thoroughly 
scrubbed with a solution of some chemi¬ 
cal disinfectant. Among the most effi¬ 
cient of these are creolin, carbolic acid, 
and corrosive sublimate in proper 
strength, say, five per cent of the two 
former, and one to one thousand of the 
latter. The last mentioned is the most 
efficient, but because of its poisonous 
properties is better suited for floors than 
feeding bunks. If used upon the bunks 
they should be thoroughly washed later 
with clear water, and it would be better 
to use creolin for these to avoid possible 
danger. Having finished the scrubbing 
of the stable, it should now be white¬ 
washed with lime wash containing four 
ounces of crude carbolic acid to the gal¬ 
lon, giving the floors as well as the walls 
a good coat. It should then be opened as 
far as possible to fresh air and sunlight, 
and kept so. These two latter agencies 
are far better disinfectants than any 
chemicals. In a stable sufficiently well 
built to be closed up air tight, formalde¬ 
hyde fumigation would be a useful addi¬ 
tional measure, but few stables could be 
effectively fumigated. No definite time 
can be fixed for the survival of tubercu¬ 
losis germs in pastures. . In the majority 
of cases they would probably live but a 
few weeks. Unprotected and exposed to 
direct sunlight, these germs would live 
but a few minutes, but mixed with ma¬ 
nure in a thick layer and protected from 
the sun they might survive for several 
months. They have been known to live 
for more than a year in running water. 
M. B. D. 
October It, 
When you write advertisers mention THE 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
STANDARDIZED. 
EASY AND SAFETO USE 
INEXPENSIVE 
KILLS LICE 
ON ALL LIVE STOCK 
DISINFECTS. 
CLEANSES. 
_PURIFIES. 
It has so many uses that It Is 
a necessity on every farm. 
CURES MANGE, SCAB, 
RINGWORM, SCRATCHES 
Destroys All Disease Germs 
DRIVES AWAY FLIES 
Write for Free Booklets 
PARKE, DAVIS & CO. 
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY 
DETROIT, - - MICHIGAN 
RunningWater 
in House and Barn at even 
temperature Winter or Sum*i«kL 
mer at Small Cost. 
Send Postal for New Water Supply 
Plan. It will bring you 100 pictures 
of it in actual use. Do it Now. 
Aermotor Co.,. 1144 S. Campbell Av., Chlcago^Tj^ 
Acrmotor Co., 2d and Madison Streets, Oakland, ill Cal. 
THRESHERS 
HORSE POWERS 
SAW MACHINES 
ENSILAGE CUTTERS 
GASOLINE ENGINES 
Don’t buy any of the above till you get our Catalog and 
reasonable prices. AVe’ll surprise you. Hundteds testify 
to tbe wisdom of this counsel. Send for new 191? 
Catalog full of pictures. A. W. GRAY’S SONS, 
14 South Street, Middletown Springs, Vt. 
MINERAL 
In use 
over! 
years REMEDY 
NEGLECT] 
Will Ruin ■ 
Vour Horse 1 
tsnd to-day for 1 
only 
9KRMANCNT 
CURE, 
gaff— Certain > 
$3 Package 
will cure any case or 1 
money refunded 
$1 Package 
cures ordinary cases. 
Postpaid on receipt of price; 
I Agents Wanted 
Write for descriptive booklet 
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 Fourth Are., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
THICK, SWOLLEN G LANDS 
that make a horse Wheeze, 
Roar, have Thick Wind 
or Choke-down, can be 
reduced with 
y\BSORBINE 
also any Bunch or Swelling. No blister, no 
hair gone, and horse kept at work. Con¬ 
centrated—only a few drops required at an 
application. $2 per bottle delivered. 
Book 3 K free. 
ABSORBINE, JR.,antiseptic liniment for man¬ 
kind, reduces Cysts,Wens, Painful, Knotted 
Varicose Veins, Ulcers. $1 and $2 a bottle at 
dealers or delivered. Book ‘‘Evidence” free. 
W. F. YOUNG, P. 11. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 
rLcTUs^SaiTlSrT^u^RE^ 
astounding records of sure cures from spavins, splints, 
bunches, swellings, windpuffs, etc., made with, 
QUINN S OINTMENT 
ey r 
beatable for curing cuts, bruises and 
scratches. Ask your druggist or 
send his name with $1.00 for bottlo 
on trial Write for booklet anyway. 
IV. II. EDDY X'CO., Dept. It, Albany, N. Y 
Un 
15 s 
JML Whetli 
95 AMERICAN 
CREAM 
SEPARATOR 
FREE TRIAL. FULLT GUARANTEED. 
Easy running. Easily cleaned. 
_ Whether dairy is largo or small, 
obtain our handsome free catalog. Address 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. ba.nbr^g'^n.y. 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties 
its kettloinoue minute. The simplest 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food forstock. Also make Dairy and 
ILaundry Stoves, Water and 
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog 
Scalders, Caldrons.etc. U3?"Send 
for particulars and ask for circular .J. 
D. li. Sperry & Co., liatavia, Ill, 
ENSILAGE AND FODDER 
CUTTERS 
4sizes;madewith 
attachments; 1 to 20 
h. p. Gasoline Engines; 
6 sizes Separators; 
Hand and Power Corn 
Shellers, Wood Saws, 
Land Rollers, etc. _ 
Box 2, Messinger AUg, Co.,Tatamy, Pa, 
SILOS 
HARDER 
MFC. CO. 
BOX 1 1 
COBLESKILL, 
N. Y. 
YOUR 
SILO 
ARBOLINEUM 
will never shrink, swell or collapse in dry weather or 
collect mould inside while empty if you paint it with Aye- 
na-rius Carbolineum—the very best wood preserving paint 
for barns, shingles, posts, and general farm use. Goes 
further than ordinary paint ; cheap and easily applied. Has a beautiful 
chestnut brown color. Not only preserves wood, but keeps out all insects, 
teredos, dry rot, etc. Costs little and goes far. Easily applied as paint or 
spray. Has a hundred uses about the place. Every farmer should have * 
supply at all times. Your dealer has it—ask for AVENAR1US do not take 
substitutes. Write for Bulletin 33, giving full directions and prices. 
WOOD PRESERVING CO., 181 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK CITY 
Keeps Cows Clean and Comfortable 
LANSDOWNE STALLS AND STANCHIONS 
mean less work, increased profits and they. repay their cost many 
times over. Cows will give more milk, keep in better condition, and, 
standing or lying down, are always comfortable. If you want a sanitary 
dairy that can be kept sweet and clean at small cost { you should gel 
our prices. Write to us for prices and catalogue D. 
Dairymens Supply Co., Lansdowne, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pa. 
A CLEAN DAIRY BARN 
With Half the Work 
Hy using a Porter Litter Carrier. It 
works on our Columbian Steel track, 
is easy running and will carry heavy 
loads. Our Perfect Cow Stanchions 
line up the cows without interfering 
with their comfort- 
Porter Steel Stalls give perfect ven¬ 
tilation and light throughout the barn 
and make it ea«y to keep the cows 
Wo also make the celebrated Porter 
Hay Carriers and Barn Door Hangers. 
Send for catalog of our Perfect Barn 
Equipment- 
J. E. PORTER CO., Ottawa, III. 
