111« 
THE RURAR NEW-YORKER 
October 11 
FAIRBANKS “BULL BOG” ENGINES 
Write for Prices and Terms 
“Bull Dog” Engines 1 Vito 16 H. P. 
Vertical Engines 8 to 60 H. P. 
GAS, GASOLENE, or KEROSENE 
Equiped with Batteries or Magneto 
The best engine for any purpose; Water 
Systems, Pumps, Hoists, Sprayers, Saws, 
Concrete Mixers, Stone Crushers, Electric 
Light Outfits, etc. 
Portable, Semi-Portable, and Stationary Types 
Made up to the Fairbanks standard and 
backed by the Fairbanks Guarantee. 
Bulletin No. 28 describes them. Copy upon 
request. 
THE FAIRBANKS COMPANY 
Albany, N. Y. 
Bali imorc, Md. 
Boston, Mass. 
Buffalo, N. Y. 
Hartford, Conn. 
New Orleans, La. 
Paterson, N. J, 
Philadelphia, Pa, 
NEW YORK 
Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Providence, R. I 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
Washington, D. < 
London, England 
Glasgow, Scotland 
Hamburg Germany 
Paris, France 
WITTE 
I ET me send yon 
this Sawrig so 
it can earn its own 
cost, while yon pay 
lo r it. O r any other 
WITTE engine on 
same terms. 
Ed. H. Witte. 
60 Days 
Free Trial 
Works on Gasoline.Gas , 
Kerosene AND Distillate 
ENGINES 
54 Sizes and Styles 
1V6 to 40 H-P. 
Sold Only 
Direct from 
Factory to 
Users 
At Factory Prices. 
let me 
send you 
what liun- 
$5 to $10 a Day Profit. 
dreds of satisfied users, from Maine to California, 
say of their clear earnings. You can do as well 
with this rig. Most of my customers never saw one 
until they got their WITTE outfits, and every one 
hue got along fine, right from the first day. 
All Steel Truck, equipped with detachable steel 
saw-frame, saw-blade, saw-guard, belt, and belt- 
tightener, seat, foot-rest, chain-brake, muffler, 
and pole. Evenly balanced—smooth running—easy- 
starting—small fuel consumption. Proven good by 
27 years’ use, at all kinds of hard work. 
Snvp tn 41 HA Why pay double price for* 
ddVt, tpOv iu tpltlVF. good engine, when you can 
gettheWITTE on a 5-year guarantee forlessmoney, 
even, than the price of many low-grade engines! 
Write me to-day for full particulars. 
WITTE IRON WORKS GO., 
1896 Oakland Are., Kansas City, Mo, 
ED. H. WITTE, 
the 
I Write fori 
Catalog f 
A5 1 
TRIAL FOR NON* 
-12J^ YS CRANKING 
The Masterpiece of the Largest 
Makers of Two-Cycle Engines in the Wotld." 
Tho astounding: success of Gaso-Kcro two-cycto kerosene enidnes fa 
based upon the perfect Bessemer Universal Fuel Feeder, controlled 
exclusively by us. ^ 
The Wonderful Bessemer vJQSO'K&rO Engine 
This perfect fuel feeder has sounded tho death knell of carburetors 
and is the only thoroughly successful device for feeding: kerosene, 
crasoline, distillate, etc., without change of equipment. It is revolution¬ 
izing: the engine business. It is the one blpr, right idea; wo discovered it 
and control it—you cannot g:etit on any but a “Gaso-Kero.** **Gaso- 
Kero” two-cycle engines are simple—only three moving parts—are COD- 
etant and steady aa clocks. 2 to 350 H. r. Immediate shipment. 
IViite for Catalog Jl5 
BESSEMER GAS ENGINE CO. 
Largest Makers of TVvo-Cycle Engines in the IVorld 
Grove City, Pa. 
KEROSENE 
ENGINE 
Pays for 
itsel fin fuel saved 
Let This Caille Engine 
Furnish You Yk H.P. 
V / 2 Hours for YU Cents 
L ET it put dollars and cents in 
your pockets every day in the 
year, by saving you time and 
hired help. Let it pay for itself in a few 
short months and then be a right hand 
helper to you—furnish you power for 
years to come—for a penny an hour. 
CAILLE 
Perfection Engines 
are bo simple, so easily started, so easily 
cared for, that a child can run them. Two 
boys can easily carry a Oailie Perfection en¬ 
gine wherever work is to be done. The 
women folks can easily operate it in the 
dairy, laundry or at the pump. Needs no 
special foundation—is perfectly lubricated— 
absolutely frost-proof—and there is but one 
adjustment to make on the entire engine. 
Use Gasoline or Kerosene 
For $1.00 extra wo furnish tho necessary equip¬ 
ment so engine can bo run on cither gasoline or 
kerosene, further reducing the slight fuel expense. 
Send for details. Get the facts, learn all 
about this wonderful, economical, little time saver. 
A postal brings all. 
CAILLE PERFECTION MOTOR CO„ 
1260 Caille St. 
DETROIT, 
MICHIGAN 
5 MAKE BIG PAY DRILLIN G 
WATER WELLS 
Our Free Drillers’ Book with 
catalog of Keystone Drills 
tells how. Many sizes; trac¬ 
tion and portable. Easy 
terms. These machines 
make good anywhere. 
KEYSTONE WATER DRILL CO 
Beaver Falls. Pa. 
When you write advertisers mention 
The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick 
reply and a “square deal.” See guaran¬ 
tee editorial page. : : : : 
Caldwell, 
The Price Maher 
Gasoline Engines, Cream 
Separators, Manure 
Spreaders, Pump Jacks 
and Feed Grinders at 
prices with quality that 
can’t be beat. 
Caldwell, The Quality Man 
The quality of my goods permit of a 
five year guarantee. Ask the user— 
you will find him well pleased and has 
saved big money by buying from me. 
Caldwell, Your Friend 
Because he sells on 60-day free trial, per¬ 
mits you to use the goods before paying 
for them and allows you to be the judge 
of their value. Just write me before 
placin g 
your order. 
J. D. Caldwell 
Caldwell- 
Hallowell 
Mfg. Co. 
511 Commercials). 
I, IOWA. 
YOURS 
For Greatest 
Power Profits! 
Send in your name on postal! Don’t buy 
outfit of any kind till you get our 
facts, figures and proof. You don’t 
realise the economy, reliability and 
superiority of the famous 
LEFFELS, 
They arc replacing all other power 
outfits whereverintroduced. Learn 
Buy your last engine 
and save big money. Lelfel 
rung any machine, does many 
things gasoline can't do. 
Burns anything for fuel. 
Don’t wait! Write us now! 
James Leffel & Company . 
287, Springfield, Ohio ^ 
WHY EGGS ROT. 
On page 785 M. B. D. says that rot¬ 
ting of eggs is caused by entrance of 
putrefactive bacteria, and that an in¬ 
fertile egg will rot, though not as readily 
as a fertile one. I have before me an egg 
laid last August, one that I know is 
infertile. It was picked up, broken open 
back of a nest box. IIow long it had 
been there cannot be said, but probably 
several days, and there was every chance 
for all sorts of bacteria to enter it. I 
subsequently kept it on top of my desk 
until about the first of this month. In 
all that time there was not the slightest 
sign of of decay, mold or anything of the 
sort, nor was there any odor. The con¬ 
tents merely dried out. Under the condi¬ 
tions, why did it not decay? It would 
seem to me that if entrance of putre¬ 
factive bacteria is the cause of decay in 
infertile eggs, there was every reason 
why this egg should decay. No care was 
taken of it. I just wanted to know what 
would happen. Do I understand that 
rotting is also caused in fertile eggs by 
entrance of putrefactive bacteria? If 
so, this may explain why I frequently 
find eggs iu incubator at end of hatch 
which were fertile, in which life began 
and died, and yet the eggs were not de¬ 
cayed. I have kept infertile eggs for as 
long as six months. These eggs were 
not treated or “processed” in any way, 
yet at end of that time it would be diffi¬ 
cult for any but experts to say that they 
were not new laid. M. p. L. 
Maryland. 
This question was referred to Mr. H. 
M. Pickerill, instructor in bacteriology 
at the College of Agriculture, Cornell 
University, who replies as follows: 
"It is true that the rotting of eggs is 
due to the action of putrefactive bacteria. 
These bacteria gain entrance to the egg 
either while the egg is in the oviduct, or 
through the pores of the shell after the 
egg is laid. Both fertile and infertile 
eggs will rot, due to bacterial changes. 
That fertile eggs spoil more quickly than 
infertile eggs may be due to some one 
or all of the following reasons: 
(1) That fertility, especially where 
the embryo has been allowed to develop 
slightly, has induced certain changes 
which make the egg more readily acted 
upon by bacteria. 
(2) The development of an embryo 
and the changes accompanying it may de¬ 
stroy the natural germicidal property 
possessed by egg white. This germicidal 
property has been known to persist as 
long as 11 months in storage. 
(3) There is some evidence to show 
that the bacterial content of fertile eggs 
is slightly higher than that of infertile 
eggs at the start; due perhaps to copula¬ 
tion. 
There is evidence that the above rea¬ 
sons are correct; however, the work done 
at present is not sufficient to justify too 
much positiveness in the matter. It is 
possible that some of the changes taking 
place in eggs are due to natural enzymes 
present in the egg substance, but it is 
probable that the changes from this 
source would not go far enough to be 
spoken of as decay. Perhaps the reason 
why the egg spoken of by M. P. L. did 
not decay was due to the fact that it 
dried out. Drying is, of course, one of 
the agencies most widely used in preser¬ 
vation, and M. P. L. in his letter says 
that the egg merely dried out, due to the 
broken shell.” m. b. d. 
Ration for Making Milk. 
We are offered .$1 per bushel for our 
wheat, aud must pay $1.50 per 100 for 
bran and $1.00 per 100 for middlings. 
Can we not do better by feeding the 
crushed wheat? Will you give us by 
weight a balanced ration for milk produc¬ 
tion of the following home-grown grains: 
Corn and cob meal, crushed oats, crushed 
wheat, mixed hay (clover and Timothy), 
corn stover and some mangels. To this 
we wish to add sufficient cotton-seed meal 
and oil meal. Will you also give quantity 
to be fed either according to weight of 
cow or weight of milk? Also state the 
minimum amount of milk at which above 
feed can be made to produce a profit. We 
think we have a few boarders. F. 
New Jersey. 
Since all your home-grown feeds are 
relatively low in protein you cannot well 
balance a ration with them without the 
addition of cotton-seed or oil meal, as you 
suggest; and as it is more protein that 
you need, you would better exchange your 
whole wheat, for which you can obtain 
$1.07 per hundred, for bran or middlings, 
which are lower in price yet higher in 
protein content. A well-balanced grain 
ration to use with your home-grown 
roughage may he made up of equal parts 
by weight of either corn and cob meal or 
ground oats, wheat bran or middlings and 
cotton-seed meal. In addition to mixed 
hay and silage or mangels, a cow in full 
flow of milk should have one pound of 
such a grain mixture as this for every 
three to four pounds of milk that she is 
giving. The minimum amount of milk 
that will produce a profit over the cost of 
this feed will depend upon the price re¬ 
ceived for the milk. Knowing the cost of 
the feed, you cau easily ascertain the 
amount of milk that you must obtain to 
pay for it; but please don’t reckon any 
amount of milk above this as profit; such 
figuring is ruinous. You must be paid in¬ 
terest on the value of your dairy and 
equipment, a certain amount for deprecia¬ 
tion. which is heavy in a herd of dairy 
cattle, and fair wages for your time and 
labor before you can reckon profit. There 
are, of course, other sources of income 
from a dairy, aside from the milk, which 
must also be taken into account. 
M. B. D. 
Death of Cow. 
About two weeks ago I had a cow 
taken sick; she seemed to have no use 
of her hind parts and kept getting worse 
till she died. What ailed her? E. S. c. 
New York. 
Post-mortem examination by an expert 
should have determined the disease pres¬ 
ent; but it seems likely that she died of 
tuberculosis. Hemorrhagic septicemia 
presents symptoms somewhat similar to 
those you describe; but without an ex¬ 
amination it would be impossible for 
anyone to say just what was wrong. 
Better have your cattle tested with tu¬ 
berculin. A. s. A. 
Lameness. 
I have a 12-year-old mare that has de¬ 
veloped lameness in both front feet; 
seems to be in tendons from knee to 
ankle. She stumbles frequently. I have 
blistered her legs and tried rubber pads, 
changing now to bar shoes and leather 
pads. There is considerable swelling, es¬ 
pecially on left leg. What is the best 
treatment for her? E. H. H. 
New York. 
One at a distance cannot give confident 
instructions as to the treatment of a 
mysterious case of lameness, as an ex¬ 
amination is needed to determine the seat 
of the'lameness and its cause. It seems 
quite likely, however, that the lameness 
is located in the feet. If so the horse 
will “point” one foot, or both turn about, 
when it stands at rest, or if founder is 
present the forefeet will be thrust out in 
front of the body when the horse starts 
to walk. If such symptoms are present 
clip the hair from the coronets (hoof- 
heads) of both forefeet and blister them 
repeatedly, one at a time, with cerate of 
cantharides rubbed in for J5 minutes by 
the watch after clipping off the hair and 
brushing the skin clean. Tie the horse 
up shore while the blister is acting. Wash 
the blister off in two or three days; then 
apply lard daily and repeat the blister 
in 10 days to two weeks. A. s. A. 
Catarrh. 
1. I have a four-months-old boar pig 
which in the morning on his first getting 
out of his nest, has a catarrhal running 
from his nose, which has continued for 
about a month. Do you think a cold 
would hold on so long? How do you 
account for it and what is your remedy? 
2. What breeding association would you 
recommend, one of the East or West? 
I have blanks and prices of enrollment 
from the Modern Union of Des Moines, 
Iowa. I do not know whether they issue 
pedigree blanks, and so forth, on more 
than one line of stock. What is the cus¬ 
tomary way? F. ix. s. 
New York. 
1. Catarrh often becomes chronic, and 
especially so if a hoar is confined to a 
pen and deprived of sunlight and ade¬ 
quate fresh air. Make him live an out¬ 
door life, so far as possible, allowing free 
range on clover, Alfalfa, rape or grass. 
Feed light, laxative rations. He should 
then throw off the trouble. It is quite 
possible that lung worms are present and 
there is no cure, but a well-fed bog with¬ 
stands the effects of the worms. 
2. Your question is not plain; but if 
you are breeding purebred hogs they 
should be registered only in the standard 
stud book of the breed in question. There 
are standard recognized herd books for 
the Berkshire, Poland-China, Jersey Red, 
Chester White and other distinct breeds 
of swine. No standard herd book is pub¬ 
lished by the “Uuion” you mention. Send 
us the circulars and blanks for examina¬ 
tion and opinion. a. s. a. 
Indigestion in Hog, 
A hog does not eat much, and when 
he eats feed he vomits it up aud stays 
thin. Please advise me what I can do 
for him. J* *• 
New York. 
Give the hog free range on clover, Al¬ 
falfa, rape or grass and allow no other 
feed. As soon as he retains green feed 
new milk may be fed, adding one ounce 
of limewater to each quart of the milk. 
If this is retained it may be gradually 
thickened with middlings, a little corn- 
meal and a little flaxseed meal. If the 
hog happens to have tuberculosis, or an 
ulcerated condition of the stomach, re¬ 
covery will be improbable. If worms are 
seen to pass in the droppings give eight 
grains of santonin and five grains ol 
calomel for each hundred pounds of live 
weight in any way found most conve¬ 
nient. A - s * A - 
