ne-3, 
U'1-itC RUKAL rOW-VORICESR 
October 25, 
Live Stock and Dairy 
“YOUR MONEY’S WORTH” IN A BULL? 
On page 617 ig an article under head 
“An Oregon Dairy Problem,” answered 
by Chas. H. Hays. In bis reply Mr. 
Hays says “If you have a small herd of 
cows you have enough to start with. Get 
the best sire you can afford to of the 
breed you decide on, and be sure you get 
your money’s worth.” The last clause is 
my problem. How can a man not con¬ 
versant with the subject protect himself? 
It can be done by investigation if one 
knows how to go about it, and I ask Mr. 
Hays to help me, as from his interesting 
and instructive article I believe he can. 
I have five Jersey cows, three of them 
heifers with first calf, and last month 
they yielded slightly over a pound of but¬ 
ter per day per cow without a handful 
of concentrates; nothing but grass. I 
want a bull to improve my herd, and 
have advertised for one at farmer’s price, 
in our local paper. Now comes my per¬ 
plexity ; many offers have come in from 
men of whose integrity I know nothing, 
therefore w r hile they laud their animals 
to the skies, how can I verify their state¬ 
ments, or the pedigrees? One man offers 
me a young animal for $50, nine months 
old, whose father is a grandson of Lor¬ 
etta D., world’s champion at St. Louis, 
and whose mother was sired by Gov. 
Marigold, son of Stoke-Pogis of Prospect, 
which sired two 1,000-pound cows. This 
animal seems to be w r hat I want, but liow 
can I be sure? F. P. 
Canyonville, Ore. 
The American Jersey Cattle Club 
keeps a close watch of all breeders of 
A. J. C. C. cattle, and deals severely 
with all fakers or crooked breeders whom 
If I were able to answer this ques¬ 
tion with certainty I would be conferring 
a favor to the dairy world second only 
to Prof. Babcock. Breeding with the 
view of getting much above a real good 
average in production is a long and hard 
road to travel. Every observer knows 
that the universal law of like producing 
like does not hold good in every case, 
but there is more or less difference of 
the offspring from that of the parents, 
which difference is usually called “sport¬ 
ing.” Now suppose the breeder wishes to 
improve his herd in milk or butter. He 
will take a sire which has been bred 
through a well-established line of breed¬ 
ing for a set purpose and cross him on 
his best individuals, with the view of es¬ 
tablishing these traits on the offspring. 
But as the individual may be a sport 
himself the chances for producing an off¬ 
spring equal to himself are very few. 
The majority of his offspring will drop 
back to the average of the herd from 
which sire .was produced. 
You will see by the above that there 
is considerable possibility of gambling in 
the buying of a bull for breeding pur¬ 
poses. Out of seven bulls used on the 
herd of the Pennsylvania State College 
two lowered the herd value. Now if the 
college, which has the advantage of 
skilled judges, fail in 29 per cent of their 
selections, what will be the chance of 
the unskilled or amateur? I do not wish 
to discourage any dairyman in his at¬ 
tempt to improve his herd, but only show 
GOLDEN BELLE OF ST. PETER’S. No. 149139. Fig. 442. 
they catch. Several prominent breeders 
of this section have been put out of the 
Club and cannot register animals in the 
Club. Substituting grade calves for reg¬ 
istered ones that have died, registering 
calves from a young unknown sire or 
poor one as from some noted animal, and 
using dead cow’s papers on a grade cow 
of same description, are some of the 
tricks of the trade. Gov. Marigold was 
a great sire and helped build up one of 
the best working herds this State ever 
had. They also held their own in the 
show ring at the Lewis and Clark Fair 
as well as State Fair several years ago. 
Loretta D., if I am correctly informed, 
never has done anything since her fa¬ 
mous test, and has been barren for 
years. As a dairy cow I never liked 
the looks of her. The A. J. C. C. Club 
will surely give you any information they 
have regarding any breeder or his stock 
that you may ask them about. 
In buying a sire I would put more 
weight on what his dam and his sire’s 
offspring have done rather than on kin 
of several generations back. Ask the 
breeder for his private record of weight 
of milk and tests of dam which every 
breeder should keep regularly. We weigh 
and keep a tabulated record of all milk 
of every cow, test every other month, and 
can tell how much milk or butter fat any 
cow gave any milking day, month, or 
year for years past. Any successful 
breeder should do that who expects to 
sell stock and produce a satisfactory 
working herd. But you must buy from a 
breeder who you know is strictly honest, 
if you would be sure of getting exactly 
what you pay for, but do not expect any 
breeder to sell you a sire from world 
champions for $50. chas. h. hays. 
what he is “up against” when he tries 
to get above a good average herd of say 
300 or more pounds of butter a year. 
There are lots of herds which are not 
making much or any profit for their own¬ 
ers, which can be improved with absolute 
certainty. 
In selecting a sire for the herd I 
should observe these four points: First, 
be sure he comes from a long line of an¬ 
cestors which were noted for their work 
along the lines in view. Second, do not 
ignore beauty of form and color, as later 
on you will regret judgment in this re¬ 
spect. Third, if possible go to see the 
individual yourself and make sure of his 
ancestors and their ability to do the work 
in view. Fourth, do not grudge the 
owner a decent price for an animal of 
superior breeding. Some of the ways of 
concluding what one is able to pay for 
a herd bull: If you conclude that a 
good sire will add $10 to the value of 
each heifer calf and you have 20 cows in 
the herd then as half of the calves will 
be males and must be sold for veal pur¬ 
poses this would put the average to $5 
per calf, or $100 a year added to the 
value of the herd by such sire. The 
pride of the owner of a such a herd is 
worth quite a bit, and should enter into 
the purchase price; also the value of the 
same when w’e are through with him, 
either as beef or are able to sell for 
breeding purpose. If I had the money 
to spare and wanted to get rid of the 
gamble part of breeding I would buy an 
old sire which had a number of tested 
daughters, and thus be sure of his ability 
to transmit his powers to his posterity. 
The above advice is intended only for 
the amateur breeder. 
Pennsylvania. JOHN A. beck & SON. 
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