1212 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Live Stock and Dairy 
STARTING A BUSINESS DAIRY HERD. 
I own a farm of good average fertility. 
I was born on a farm and have lived on 
a farm my entire life. I have practiced 
mixed farming with very good results, 
keeping more or less cows and have at 
present a herd of grade cows. I am now 
desirous of building up a herd of pure¬ 
bred Holstein cattle and want to buy g 
purebred sire and one or two heifers or 
cows to use as foundation stock. I real¬ 
ize that much depends on the quality of 
the animals purchased for this purpose 
and am willing to pay for value received 
but want to know that I am getting what 
I pay for. Every dollar with me is worth 
100 cents, and how r would you advise se¬ 
curing stock for a herd foundation? Ad¬ 
vice in regard to tracing pedigrees and 
looking up ancestry of stock will be wel¬ 
come. A. o. H. 
Many of the famous Holstein herds in 
the East and West have been established 
by a progressive owner securing a few 
high-class females whose blood lines are 
based upon utility and mating such 
animals with a sire whose breeding and 
individuality are such that prepotency 
is secured and the vigor and vitality of 
the offspring definitely fixed. 
The best sources of information re¬ 
garding breeding and blood lines of dairy 
cattle of any breed are the registry as¬ 
sociations and the sale catalogues issued 
for auction and dispersion sales. The 
journals of the various associations that 
Community breeding is a line of en¬ 
deavor that has not been developed in 
the dairy sections of the East, but I be¬ 
lieve that this method of cooperative work 
is going to be the basis of better herds 
and flocks in the future. If farmers and 
dairymen would rely more fully on the 
breeders in their communities for founda¬ 
tion stock rather than pay exorbitant 
prices for false famed animals in distant 
►States, more dairy farmers would con¬ 
tinue in the business because they started 
right. F. C. MINKLEK. 
STOCK FARMING IN IOWA. 
Part I. 
The high cost of labor is a hard prob¬ 
lem here. We have fewer idle men to 
draw on, and we are all at our wit’s end. 
The really good labor goes West and 
North to their own new homes after we 
train them, and then we are left to draw 
on a shiftless set known here as “town 
hired help.” This is entirely unreliable, 
and we have to pick tip immigrants— 
Danes mostly that come here. We get 
friends of old residents in across the 
water, and take raw material when we 
can get it, that makes good help, but 
you cannot keep them long. So on the 
whole all planning and work is done 
everywhere and by everyone so as to cut 
out all labor possible, and do it by ma¬ 
chinery ; farm by machinery and through 
animal husbandry. We have all-corn 
A PENNSYLVANIA BUSINESS DAIRY HERD. Fig. 464. 
have a registry of performance or merit 
give in detail the milk and butter records of 
all cows listed in such advanced registry, 
and in addition the associations can 
furnish tabulated pedigrees giving the per¬ 
formance of the animals in the tabulation. 
By a careful study of this information 
one is enabled to get a definite idea of 
the pedigree. 
Usually it is not good judgment to go 
into the purebred dairy business by buy¬ 
ing a large number of animals. An er¬ 
ror often obtaining with the young 
breeder is that he must have animals of 
popular or famous breeding, or that he 
must buy from breeders whose reputation 
enables them to get fabulous prices for 
their sale stock. If I were to start 
breeding Holstein cattle, for instance, I 
would go to the nearest reliable breeder 
in my community, tell him exactly what 
I wanted to do and no doubt he would 
furnish me foundation stock that would 
be a good advertising medium for him¬ 
self and start me in the business in a 
profitable way. I should avoid buying 
animals at extensively advertised sales. 
Often a man’s judgment is vacated in 
the auction ring, and he keeps on bidding, 
not because he wants a certain animal, 
but because he thinks he wants to beat 
the man bidding against him. Bargains 
may be often picked up at such sales, 
but for a beginner who has not had ex¬ 
perience in reading pedigrees and sizing 
up animals at auctions, a safer method 
is to confer with a reliable breeder and 
take his advice. 
Promising young heifers ought to be 
obtained at prices varying from $150 to 
$250 each. It is important to cling close¬ 
ly to utility. The value of a cow does 
not depend on what she will produce in 
seven days or 30 days, but upon what she 
will produce in five, or better 10 years. 
Often a cow that will give 8C pounds of 
milk a day for 30 days will spend the 
remainder of the year getting ready for 
another 10 or 30-day period two years 
hence. 
farmers, who feed little stock, just raise 
corn; they have had their innings the 
last three years, as the corn has brought 
as much as if marketed through stock. 
This class use gang-plows, Spring-plow¬ 
ing five acres a day, disk 12 acres, plant 
two rows at a time, and 12 to 14 acres 
a day; use a two-row corn-plow and 
plow 12 acres, and ride most of the time 
doing this work. But corn-husking is a 
hard job here, and if there is not a whole 
family to go into it, and a farmer is 
limited in help, he is held up at husking 
time. It costs five cents to six cents per 
bushel to pick corn; when you count this 
on 80-acre tracts or lower it runs into 
money. 
The hog farmer is one who converts 
the whole crop into pork, all his corn, 
and at times all his neighbors raise also. 
He is a good corn farmer too, and up to 
the gathering period he farms exactly as 
the straight corn farmer, only he has an 
eye and aptitude for the pig, and they 
raise fine hogs. It might be well to note 
that the Iowa State Fair Association has 
one building for the display of this end 
of the Iowa industry on farms—building 
that cost $30,000 just to show fancy breed¬ 
ing stock. He hires a hand to go ahead 
with corn raising; it costs now $35 per 
month and board to hire such help. This 
kind of a farmer is generally a hustler. 
He raises 75, 125, 150, 200, or 300 hogs, 
as to his capacity and ability. Each 
Spring he oversees and helps on the corn, 
and by September or October gets them 
up to 100 to 110 pounds weight or more. 
Many of these farmers will, after corn 
is mature, turn the whole outfit directly 
into the cornfield, that is fenced hogtight 
and let them husk it themselves. Some 
will cut off sections of the field and “hog 
it down a tract at a time. He often 
feeds all his own corn up and buys his 
neighbors’, and from December to March 
the hogs go onto the market in weight 
from 200 to 350 pounds, according to 
skill, success, and ability of grower. 
This kind of farmer makes each season 
a precarious trip from birth of pigs to 
market, as on account of disease and risk 
of market against the grower. When 
swine plague strikes it sweeps from $500 | 
to $1,500 worth hogs off small farms, i 
$3,000 to $5,000 off large farms, by whole 
neighborhoods and whole towns, so that 
enough loss is sustained in a few towns 
to start a bank. But he generally wins 
out and the disease is periodical. 
Harlan Co., Iowa. w. II. B. 
LIVE STOCK NOTES. 
As regards my choice of dairy cows I ] 
prefer Ayrshires. Living in Northern 
New York State our Winters are long ! 
and severe. Our milk is sold wholesale 
at door, retailed in Glens Falls, 10 miles 
distance from our farm. We milk from 
80 to 125 cows. Ayrshires, Ilolsteins, 
Guernseys and Jerseys. They are all 
good breeds. We prefer Ayrshires be¬ 
cause they stand our Winters better on 
less food, are in better condition in 
Spring, milk longer up to calving, give 
steady flow, milk stands up in butter fat. 
There is less trouble with their going 
wrong in udders. For beef they are finer 
grain, sweeter meat, as they easily fat¬ 
ten and take on flesh when fed for beef. 
Their calves are large when first born, 
strong, well developed, make best of veal. 
Lastly they are the hardiest cows, quiet, 
very gentle, do not get excited or ner¬ 
vous as other breeds do and there is less 
trouble with tuberculosis; that is sure. 
I have nothing against any of the other 
breeds; there are good and bad cows in 
all breeds. That is caused from so many 
cattle being inbred. I believe in purebred 
bulls for foundation of good milch cows. 
New York. c. M. yarter. 
Wisconsin reports a number of cases 
where cattle were poisoned by eating 
acorns in oak groves. Dr. Alexander re¬ 
commends this treatment: 
“Administer a half pint of raw linseed 
oil with strong coffee, to which other stim- : 
ulants may be added. The addition of a I 
cup of molasses to each dose of the oil 
and coffee will make it still more effect¬ 
ive. This remedy should be given every 
eight hours, and until eight doses have 
been given.” 
On the other hand here is a Michigan 
report about hogs: 
“Fife Lake, Mich.—The boys of the 
village are now busy harvesting the acorn 
crop and selling the same to the owners 
of hogs. It has been discovered that the 
hogs fatten up better on acorns than on 
almost any other food that can be given 
them. As there are thousands of acres 
of plains covered with oaks, in this vicin¬ 
ity the acorn industry is proving a pro¬ 
fitable one, both to the boys and the 
owners of hogs. 
Thursday, October 30, is Holstein day 
at the National Dairy Show in Chicago. 
There will be a special programme and 
banquet. 
There are a good many questions about 
feeding alone to young stock—calves and 
lambs. It will not pay to depend on it 
entirely, for it is not at all equal to 
pasture. 
In South Dakota it was found that 
white Sweet clover is an excellent rough- 
age, when fed with a grain ration, for 
fattening lambs. The gains made rank 
next and close to gains made by lambs j 
fed Alfalfa hay as a roughage. This 
plant has a place in our system of grain j 
and live stock farming for the production I 
of hay. It is also one of the nitrogen - 
nodule bearing plants and the soil on 
which it grows will be in a better con¬ 
dition for the succeeding crop. 
Hoard’s Dairyman is raising a fund 
to send abroad a young Holstein bull as 
a missionary. It is for the Allahabad 
College, in India. W. A. Follett has 
donated a good bull calf. It will cost 
$175 to deliver him and this should be 
made up in small donations. 
Bulletin 107 of the University of 
Georgia Experiment Station on the Proper 
Utilization of Cotton-Seed Meal ought 
to interest all stock feeders. It tells just 
what may be done with cotton-seed meal. 
When mixed with corn and other grains 
it is fed successfully to both horses and 
hogs.. 
The Holstein-Friesian cow Crown 
Princess Maxie DeKol 2nd 118901 has 
broken the record for fat production in 
the senior four-year class of the thirty- 
day division, by producing in thirty con¬ 
secutive days 113.8 lbs. fat from 2,588.4 
lb. milk. She freshened Sept. 5, at the 
age of 4 years, 10 months, 23 days. Her 
sire is Royal ton Johanna DeKol 44506; 
her dam, Crown Princess Maxie DeKol 
00415. She was bred by Mr. J. S. Clif¬ 
ton, Alvordton, Ohio; and she is now 
owned by Mr. G. W. Rising, Fayette, 
Ohio. She displaces Agatha Pontiac 
00818, whose record for 30 days is 112.081 
pounds fat from 2,365.5 pounds milk. 
MALCOLM II. GARDNER. 
We like the Holstein breed of cattle be¬ 
cause it will do more under average farm ; 
conditions than any other cow in the 
world, and will pay more in returns for 
the amount invested in feed under any 
conditions whatever than any other cow. 
Our preference in this matter is a busi¬ 
ness one. We do not keep the Ilolsteins 
simply because we like them or because 
Ave like them any better than Jerseys or 
Guernseys, but because they are of bet¬ 
ter business proposition. 
NeAv York. sabarama farm. 
November 8 
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