iOlo. 
1'HE RURAL, REW-YORICEK 
1213 
Milk 
MILKING MACHINE AND SOUR MILK. 
We have a milking machine and it 
sours the milk. We have tried hand 
and milking machine milk and the 
machine milk was sour 1 2 hours after 
milking it. Could you tell me the cause 
of it? W. M. 
Methuen, Mass. 
The trouble W. M. is having with the 
milk which is drawn by the milking 
machine, is not caused directly by the 
machine itself, but by the bacteria which 
have accumulated in the parts of the 
machine, probably iu the rubber tubes 
and teat cups. In using milking machines 
at the Connecticut Agricultural College, 
the writer found that unless the rubber 
tubes are washed and sterilized with spe¬ 
cial care, bacteria accumulate in them so 
that the milk drawn by the machine con¬ 
tains much larger numbers of bacteria 
and sours much more quickly than milk 
drawn by hand. This is due to the fact 
that the lactic acid bacteria which cause 
sour milk multiply in immense numbers 
on the inside of the rubber tubes and are 
then washed into the milk pail during the 
process of milking. If your correspond¬ 
ent will take care to see that his rubber 
tubes and teat cups are thoroughly 
washed and then either scalded by run¬ 
ning water, which is actually boiling, 
through them, or by immersing the rub¬ 
ber parts in a solution made as follows, 
he will find that milk drawn by the ma¬ 
chines sours no more quickly than when 
drawn by hand: Water 72 pounds, salt 
7.2 pounds; chloride- of lime half pound. 
In submerging the rubber tubes in this 
solution, it is necessary to let them in care¬ 
fully so that the entire inside of the tube 
will he filled with the solution. It will 
be necessary to renew this solution fre¬ 
quently in order to keep up its germi¬ 
cidal properties. The tubes can then be 
rinsed with clean water just before use 
for milking. w. A. S. 
TROUBLE WITH CHURNING. 
I have had considerable trouble lately 
making butter, having to churn as long 
as six hours. After churning a short 
while cream becomes frothy and expands 
to twice its quantity. Milk is separated 
in cream separator as soon as brought 
in. I have two cows, one a high-grade 
Jersey and the other a high-grade Hol¬ 
stein. Cream of two cows is not kept 
separate. I have about 10 quarts of 
cream to churn a week, churn once a 
week. I am feeding 12 quarts per cow 
a day of the following ration, with as 
much corn-stalks as they will consume, 
and about one-half ounce salt a day per 
cow. Ration is 200 pounds bran, 200 
pounds corn meal. 100 pounds gluten 
feed and 50 pounds linseed oil meal. Can 
you tell me what is wrong? H. B. 
Montville, N. J. 
The trouble with the churning is not 
due to any fault with the rations. It is 
quite possible that part of the trouble is 
in the ripening of the cream. For the 
best results cream should be kept per¬ 
fectly sweet until about 24 hours or less 
before churning, then soured quite rap¬ 
idly. When cream is kept a long time 
the wrong kind of bacteria are apt to 
develop, causing bad flavors, frothy cream 
and difficulty in churning. If you can 
churn twice a week it will undoubtedly 
help some. Churning at too low a tem¬ 
perature may also he in part the cause 
of your difficulty. When the butter does 
not “come” readily, try warming the 
cream to 70 deg. Of course it will be 
necessary to handle the butter with care, 
at this temperature, or the texture will 
be injured. Stop churning as soon as 
the butter lias separated enough to draw 
off the buttermilk, and cool the butter 
with cold water. Iu cases like this, thick 
cream churns more readily thau thin 
cream. Ordinarily about 30 per cent but¬ 
ter fat is about right, hut it may be bet¬ 
ter to skim a heavier cream iu this case, 
say 40 to 42 per cent. c. L. w. 
IRISH CO-OPERATIVE CREAMERIES. 
[Mr. Richard Haughton who wrote us 
an interesting article last year on pot ex¬ 
periments for soil testing, was a repre¬ 
sentative for Delaware on the American 
Agricultural Commission. Mr. Haugh¬ 
ton lias l>een studying the creamery situa¬ 
tion in Ireland, and sends us this short 
report.] 
Everyone over here admits that the 
whole question of agricultural uplift is 
cooperation,_ and cooperative organiza¬ 
tion. This is what has built up agricul¬ 
ture in Germany, Denmark and is now 
building up farming in England and I re¬ 
born. I have just ended a small trip 
'brough Ireland and on all sides, every- 
"ue, farmers, priests and government 
workers, all say that cooperation is the 
iarmor's movement. To-day I have seen 
t ie cooperative creamery in Ireland and 
bat industry has transformed the North¬ 
ern part of Ireland and has made more 
profitable the dairying sections of South¬ 
ern Ireland. Some of the stories of the 
cooperative creameries would astonish 
you. Here is one: An Irish cooperative 
creamery was started in - on a 
cash investment of $750 (paid in). The 
rest of the money was borrowed from the 
banks and a creamery was erected at a 
cost of $17,500. That creamery now be¬ 
longs to the farmers who built it and 
operated it on a cooperative basis, and 
in addition, they have $3,000 as a reserve 
fund. In other words, by an investment 
of cash of $750, they have now an in¬ 
vestment of $22,500, which would have 
otherwise gone to the corporation cream¬ 
ery. Your readers in New York can 
start cooperative dairies in their country, 
and put the corporation creamery out of 
business, as they have done here, or can 
make the creamery give them some profit 
sharing basis. The creamery I inspected 
to-day which handles the milk of 1,200 
cows, was built at a cost of $13,500, and 
by a cash investment of its 80 members 
of $500. In a few years it will also 
have its creamery all paid for. The 
creameries are allowed by law to pay 
only 5% to shareholders; the rest be¬ 
longs to the fanners who contribute their 
milk. One creamery here in Ireland on 
this basis, after a prosperous year, re¬ 
turned to the farmers one cent a gallon 
for all the milk delivered during the 
year. Cooperation is the farmers’ future. 
Pure Feeding Molasses 
We are first hands and can quote yon absolutely 
bottom prices, delivered your station, in lots of 
anywhere from one barrel to a trainload. 
THE MEADER-ATLAS CO. 
N. Y. Office, 107 Hudson Street, New York City 
SIX EEF 
REGISTERED SHROPSHIRE YEARUNG 
n RAMS & EWES—Cheap. Fred Van Vleet, Lodi.N.Y. 
CHROPSHIRE RAMS FOR SALE —Registered yearlings 
^ two-year-olds and lambs fx - om imported sires. 
E. E. STEVENS & SON, - Wilson, If. Y, 
IMPROVE YOUR FLOCK with a good " SHROPSHIRE ” or 
1 “ SOUTHDOWN ” ram from the NIAGARA STOCK FARM. 
J. C. DUNCAN, Mgr., • .Lewiston, N. Y. 
DAIRY CATTLE 
Fnt* Colp-Fonr Heifers, One Bull, 
■ _ * *■***■" registered; Dutch Belt calves, 2 
to 6 months of age. $250 for the foundation hard. 
Harry Vail, New Milford, Orange Co., N, Y. 
“Meridale Facts” 
1913 edition shows the average yield of 
117 Meridale Jerseys on authenticated 
test to have been 7900 lbs. milk, 609 lbs. 
butter, at an average age of 5 years 2 
months. It also tells of interesting prob¬ 
lems in herd development—and their 
solution. Copy on request. Address 
AYER & McKINNEY, Proprietors of Moridafe Farms 
300 Chestnut Stroet Philadelphia, Pa, 
Goat’s Milk. 
Can you tell me where there is sale for 
goat’s milk, as I see by your paper that 
it sells for 50 cents a quart in some of 
the sanitariums. . I have several goats to 
clear up sprout land, and could furnish 
some milk if it could be sent by parcel 
post. t. c. B. 
Cochranville, Pa. 
There is a limited sale for goat’s milk 
to sanatoriums or for rich invalids or 
children. This trade is mostly supplied 
by nearby herds of goats. It is doubt¬ 
ful if selling the milk by parcel post 
would pay. 
Dairy Type Cows. 
Prof. Richards of the North Dakota 
College tells what a dairy cow should 
look like: 
“There are four main centers of activity, 
the digestive system, the milk secreting 
system or udder, the circulatory system 
and the nervous system. To produce 
large quantities of milk it is necessary 
that a cow, (or a bull if he becomes the 
sire of cows capable of producing a large 
quantity of milk) have these systems well 
developed. Good producing cows and 
good dairy sires invariably have good 
dairy form, because it is the high degree 
of development of these parts known as 
the digestive, secretive, circulatory and 
nervous systems which give the dairy 
animal the dairy form. 
“A cow that has a good dairy form 
has a lean appearance over every part 
of the body which indicates a nervous 
temperament and that she utilizes a large 
proportion of the feed consumed for the 
making of milk. She has a wedge shaped 
appearance, viewed from above, in front 
and from the sides. The wedge shape 
appearance from above results from the 
narrow projecting withers which form the 
apex of the wedge and the large barrel, 
below, the base of the wedge. The wedge 
viewed from in front is made by the nar¬ 
rowness of the cow in front compared 
with the width at the widest part of the 
barrel or through the region of the hips. 
The wedge shaped appearance from the 
side comes from the dairy cow having 
less depth in the region of the shoulders 
than in the region of the barrel and ad¬ 
der. The more marked these wedges, the 
more closely an animal conforms to the 
dairy type.” _ 
• LIVE STOCK PRICES. 
Prices of milch cows in various cities: 
New York 
Philadelphia 
RufTalo . . .. 
Indianapolis 
Boston .... 
Toronto .. . 
$40 to $00 
45 to 80 
50 to 75 
40 to 80 
50 to 125 
40 to 00 
Milch cows, common, $55 to $75. 
Yearling steers $30 to $40. Young 
horses that will weigh 1,400 pounds, $300 
to $350 a team. Dairy butter 30 cents. 
Creamery 35 and 40. j. w. J. 
Ft. Morgan, Col. 
Cattle, steers, for feeding, $7 per cwt., 
live: corn fed $8; cows $50 to $80; but¬ 
ter 29. e. B. T. 
Conkliu, Mich. 
Good steers, per cwt., $7.50 to $8.25: 
fat cows, $5.50 to $0.50; Creamery but¬ 
ter. per lb. 32% to 33. g. C. 
Brunswick, (). 
The cows of this section are very gen¬ 
erally well-graded Holsteins. The old 
native type has long been gone. A good 
many farmers raise some heifer calves 
every year, and sell cows when they will 
bring the high dollar. The last * three 
sales that I have attended were as fol¬ 
lows: Dairy barn burned—sold 40 cows. 
Man died—everything sold oil farm. 
Farm sold—all cattle, horses and tools 
sold. At one of these sales. I bought a 
grade cow that has given 70 pounds of 
milk in a day, and another that gave GO. 
The small dairymen, and the big ones 
will never go out of business in this 
hill country. The country won’t let them. 
Madison Co., N. Y. j. g. m. 
For Sale—Ayrshire Bull Calf 
Sire—one of the best sons of Howies Dairy King; 
Dam—Cordelia Lass, 2d, No. 32194. Born—March 
1st, 1912; almost white and a beanty. Also one 
from same sire, same dam, born February 13th, 
1913. A fine animal in every way, mostly white. 
One born June 25th, 1913, all white, same sire; dam 
—Hope of the Orchards, No. 32212. From a great 
cow and a show animal, We need room and will sell 
any one of these three animals at a low price. 
Address, Caskey Farms, Richmondville, N.Y. 
FOR PRODUCTION- 81 *™ up - N0T D0WN ~ 
run rnuuuuilun Registered Jersey bull 
calves, only, from producing dams and highest type 
sires. R. F. SHANNON, G03 Renshaw Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa- 
Fosterfields Herd Registered Jerseys 
Cows, yearling and two-year-old heifers, some of them 
due to -calve soon. Also heii'er calves, young bulls. 
Charles G. Faster, P 0. Box 173, Morristown,Morris Co.,N.J. 
FOR SALE—JERSEY BULL 
Sire—Duke of Shady Lane, No. 100364; Dam—Imo¬ 
gen Bess, No. 201288- A little broken in color, but 
good size and a groat looker. Born—March 19th 1912. 
Anyone wanting a good bull can get a bargain on this 
fellow. Address. CASKEY FARMS, Richmondville, N. Y 
Eureka Stock Farm 
TERED Jersey Bulls and Heifers 
2 mos. to 2 yrs. old.Chaster White, Poland China 
ami Berkshire Pigs, all ages, Lincoln Sheep, and 
a variety of Poultry. Write for Circular 
EDWARD WALTER, - West Chester. Penna. 
THE TOMPKINS CO. BREEDERS’ JOURNAL, with sale-list 
1 of pure-bred stock, 25cts- per year. Copy free. 
We have some very good offers in Hoistein and Jer¬ 
sey cattle. German Coach Horses. Shetland Ponies, 
Southdown ewes and Cheshire gilts. A two-year 
Berkshire boar, registered, $25.00. TOMPKINS CO. 
BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION, Box B, Trumansburg, N. Y, 
Fr»r Sal**- 30 CHOICE DAIRY COWS. 
sound, good condition, and FIVE 
YEARLING HEIFERS. Mostly grade Holxtein. 
GILES S. CHAMPLIN, R. D. 1.Stamford,N.Y. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves F f °or a S"«ui 
offer. THE GATES HOMESTEAD FARM, Chiltenango, N. Y. 
UOLSTEIN COWS —16 high grade, averaging 7,200 lbs. 
*■ in cow-testing association; some 9,000 ib. cows- 
5 grade Ayrshire, averaging 6,200 lbs. Close spring. 
ers in each herd. BENJ. WILLIAMS, Rusbforil, New York 
150 HIGH GRADE 
HOLSTEIN COWS 
Large, fine individuals, nicely marked and 
heavy producers, due to freshen in August, 
September and October. 100 two-year-old 
heifers, sired by registered Holstein bulls 
and from grade cows with large milk records. 
F. P. SAUNDERS & SON, Cortland, N. Y. 
EastRiverGradeHolsteins 
FOR SALE 
100 HEIFERS—1 and 2 years old: sired by fnll- 
blooded bulls: dams are high-grade Holsteins. 
75 COWS—due to calve this Fall. Large, heavy 
milkers. 
30 FRESH COWS—Come and see them milked. 
10 REGISTERED BULLS—Also grade bulls. 
DEPT. Y JOHN B. WEBSTER, 
Bell Phone No. 14, F. S. Cortland, N, Y. 
Prince Beauty Pietertje Hartog 14th 
No. 102084 2-years. Mostly black, Dam’s record 21 .- 
448 lbs. butter in seven days as a three-year-old. Gentle, 
quick and sure. Price. $100.00. SIR SPOFFORD 
HARTOG BURKE. No. 115032. Six months. 
Half white. _ Dam's record 16.25 pounds butter in seven 
days as a junior two-year-old. Very straight and handsome. 
Price. $75.00. Will register a grandson of PONTIAC 
PET, mostly white, 2 months fox $30.00. 
J. GRANT MORSE, HAMILTON, N. Y. 
Purebred Registered 
HOLSTEIN 
CATTLE 
Do you consider dairy Farming a real busi¬ 
ness, a man’s job or simply a side issue ? Are 
you keeping high-producing Holstein* or just 
cows ? 
A good Holstein is little short of a perpetual 
motion milk-making machine, that while in 
milk uses her food for milk production and 
when dry stores up body fat to be converted 
into milk fat a a soon as she freshens. She 
will earn 50 per cent, on the cost of her feed. 
„ Why not keep this kind ? 
Stud for FREE Illustrated Descriptive Booklets 
Holstein-Friesian Asso., f. L. Houghton, Seo'y 
Box 106 Brattieboro, Vt. 
HORSES 
50 STALLIONS 
and MARES, $250 to $1000 each 
Write for my Illustrated 
Circular telling why I can save 
you money on the purchase of a Per- 
chcron or Belgian Stallion or Mare. 
A.W. Green, Middlefield, O. 
R. R. Sta., E. Orwell, on Penna. Ry. 
Midway between Ashtabula & Warren 
SHETLAND PONIES 
An unerasing source of pleasure and robust health to children. 
Safe and ideal playmates. Inexpensive to keep. Highest type. 
Complete outftte. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated Cata¬ 
logue. BELLS MEADS FARM, BOX 20, MARKHAM, YA. 
Dogs and. Ferrets 
Plipe—Natural drivers. Also"English 
TUro Bloodhounds, Nelson’s, Grove City,Pa. 
sale-Fox, Coon and Skunk Dogs { p T omm 
up to $100 each. RABBIT HOUNDS $10 to $25 each. Pups. 
Send stamp. J. W. DEARTH, Zanesville, O. 
AIREDALE PUPPIES^ SSV*£ 
very nice, well bred Airedale Puppies, both male 
and female. Herbert Brooke, Pittsford, N. Y. 
For Sale—Three Litters of Airedale Pups 
one to four months old. Prices, right. Address, 
GEORGE H. GIBBS, Princeton, New Jersey 
F OR SALE-TRAINED ENGLISH RABBIT 
DOGS—Also PUPS—All ages. Honest treat¬ 
ment assured. GARRETT’S KENNELS, West Chester, Pa. 
FERRETS — Warranted Geed Rat & Rabbit Hunters 
Prices as low as first-class stock can be sold. Write 
for new price-list. 
Shady Lawn Ferret Farm, New London, O. 
Fprrutc fnr Qalo—Either color or r ex, any size,sin- 
I GIIOlo IUI OQIG gi es , mated pairs and dozen lots. 
Catalogue free. C. H. KEEFER & CO., Greenwich, Ohio 
FERRETS 
A SPECIALTY AND RABBIT 
HUNTERS. Write at once for prices. 
C. M. SACKETT, • Ashland, Ohio 
FFRRFTS~ B * THE THOUSANDS-Fir*t extensive 
i uwieii/ breeder and shipper; over twenty 
years' experience. Book and price list free. 
LEVI FARNSWORTH, New London, Ohio 
SWIWE 
nIIRnn AMR PI—$15 per pair. 7 to 10 weeks. 
UUnUO flUU, riOO s. A. WEEKS.DeGraff.O. 
QHELDON FARM REGISTERED DDKOCS 
Pigs of both sex. Bred Sows. Service Boars. 
Best of breeding. C. E, BAR NES, Oxford, New York 
CHESTER WHITE BOAR PIGS-Pedigree stock. Eight 
w weeks; extra good. $10 each. SC0TI, Stoneridoe. N. Y. 
C HESTER WHITES—Two Choice Registered 
Boar*, Ready for Service. Eugene T. Black. Scio, N Y. 
For Sale-Young Berkshires 
from choicest strains. Boars ami gilts. Address. 
WM. M. HARRIS, Deep Spring Farms, Waltpack Center, N. J. 
Springbank Berkshire Herd 
BIG BERKSHIRES I have bred more high- 
class hogs thau any breeder in Connecticut. Wat¬ 
son’s Masterpiece No. 123931 at head of herd. Noth¬ 
ing for sale but March ami April pigs at present. 
J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Ct. 
LARGE BERKSHIRES AT HI6HW00D 
The U. S. Government has just purchased another 
Highwood Boar to head its herd at Panama. This 
is the third herd boar purchased of us by the Gov¬ 
ernment, which speaks for itself. We have the 
large, long-bodied and fancy-headed Berkshire, all 
ages for sale. Visitors always welcome. 
H. C. &H. B. Barpending, Dundee, N. Y. 
If you want the best hog 
Write us. Our farms are devoted exclusively to the 
production of Berkshires. Breeders in the following 
btates have been supplied from our great herd; N.Y. • 
Penna,; Dist. Col.; Md.; Va.; N. C.; S. C.: Ga.; La. ; 
Ala.; Miss.; Fla.; Tenn.; Ky.; Texas, and Porto Rico. 
Berkshires for foundation and 
show purposes a specialty. 
THE BLUE RIDGE BERKSHIRE FARMS, Asheville, N. C. 
PLUMS’JERSEY RED 
the best 
You get finest Jersey Red 
Pigs at cost of common stock by 
, our New Sales Offer, 
v New Illustrated Catalog FREE 
m 
pm 
bred 
375lbsin 
9 months! 
CATTLE 
1 lui Lxio v/uu ini Oaiua 
i J°u wanibiiernseys List of the new york 
GUERNSEY BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION, Box B6. Peekskill.N. Y. 
BUY GUERNSEYS 
BECAUSE 
At the only impartial test where all breeds 
were represented the 
fillFRN^FY ranked highest, returning $1.67 
1 for every dollar invested iu food, 
ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION 
of the highest grade of DAIRY PRODUCTS is one of 
the important characteristics of the GUERNSEY. 
Write for free literature. 
The American Guernsey Cattle Club 
BOX Y—PETERBORO, N. H. 
Handy 
Binder 
JUST the thing for pre- 
° serving files of The 
Rural New-Yorker, Dura¬ 
ble and cheap. Sent post¬ 
paid for 25 cents. 
The Rural New-Yorker, 
333 W. 30th St., N. Y. City. 
