1228 
'1'EdfcC KUKAL N EC W -YOKKliK 
November 15, 
THE OTHER SIDE OF SCALE PARASITES 
A press bulletin was issued in Septem¬ 
ber by II. A. Surface, State Zoologist 
of Pennsylvania, in which the claim was 
made that he had discovered and was 
propagating a parasite which had been ef¬ 
fective in cleaning up the San Jos6 scale 
in several Pennsylvania counties. Fol¬ 
lowing the distribution of this press bul¬ 
letin, various newspaper statements ap¬ 
peared. A letter to Mr. Surface request¬ 
ing information on the subject of his dis¬ 
covery drew forth a reply under date of 
October 4, in which he said that he had 
bred four species of parasites from San 
Jose scale. One was the well known 
Aphelinus fuscipennis, another a species 
of Anaphes and two unnamed ones. Un- . 
der date of October 3, in a circular let¬ 
ter to his inspectors, he said, “We now 
have three species of scale parasites, one 
of which has not been before seen.” 
In all of the articles, press bulletins, 
etc., Mr. Surface makes no mention of 
the name of the parasite or parasites 
which he bred by the thousands. Was it 
the new one which he accidentally came 
across, or was it the old ones which have 
been more or less steadily increasing in 
numbers for the past few years, and 
about which he should not claim discov¬ 
ery for the simple reason that they had 
been discovered some time ago? In 1894 
Aphelinus fuscipennis (llow) was bred 
from San Jose scale in New Jersey by 
the late Dr. John B. Smith. In 1896, 
the following additional parasites were 
bred from the scale in New Jersey: 
Aphelinus mytilaspidis (LeBaron), As- 
pidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw) and Ana¬ 
phes gracilis (How). These also feed 
on other scale insects. In Bulletin No. 
3 New Series of the U. S. Department 
of Agriculture, published in 1896 by L. 
O. Howard and C. L. Marlatt, mention 
is made of Aphelinus fuscipennis doing 
effective work in California in 1891 and 
of Anaphes gracilis being collected at 
Riverside, Md., and Charlottesville, Va. 
In 1897 the fungus disease Sphaerostible 
coccophila was tried on San ,Tos<5 scale 
and proved promising. In 1898 Chilo- 
corus similis, a lady-bird beetle, was im¬ 
ported from Japan and experimented 
with, but disappeared before the end of 
the season. In 1899 Exochornus tri- 
pustulatus, a large lady-bird beetle, was 
noted feeding on the scale; but existing 
only in small numbers. In the same year 
Pentilia misella, a minute lady-bird en¬ 
emy, and Aphelinus fuscipennis were no¬ 
tably abundant. In 1900 Pentilia mis¬ 
ella was numerous and Adalia bi-puneta 
was found feeding in some localities on 
the scale. In 1903 the fungus disease 
Sphaerostible coccophila was at work at 
Elberon, N. J. In 1906 Pentilia misella 
was again abundant in many places. In 
1908, on account of adverse climatic con¬ 
ditions no benefits were derived from the 
fungus disease Sphaerostible coccophila. 
With the exception of the information 
in Bulletin 3 of the IT. S. Department of 
Agriculture, the above notes are all from 
New Jersey records, by the late Dr. 
John B. Smith. It is a matter of com¬ 
mon knowledge, and has been for the 
past several years to most entomologists 
in the East, that the San Jos<§ scale has 
been on the decline. This condition of 
affairs in New Jersey is attributed to the 
constant warfare being waged against the 
scale, various predaceous and parasitic 
enemies, among which are Smilia misella 
(same as Pentilia misella), Aphelinus 
fuscipennis, Prospaltella aurantii and 
Anaphes gracilis. Surely, what is hap¬ 
pening in New Jersey can’t be very far 
removed from conditions in Pennsylvania. 
The main fact is that no one parasite 
is doing the work of extermination, but 
a host of natural enemies, and moreover 
this has been taking mace naturally, 
without any help from H. A. Surface or 
artificial distribution. The cases where 
artificial breeding and distribution of 
either predaceous or parasitic enemies 
have been successfully used are few and 
far between. We are not in a position 
to train these insects to our service or 
induce them to feed upon unfamiliar 
species. The fact that the San Jos6 
scale exists is proof that it is adjusted 
to its surroundings including all of its 
natural enemies and the following years 
may see a decrease of its enemies with 
a corresponding increase of the scale. 
During the past few years, weather con¬ 
ditions have been favorable for the mul¬ 
tiplication of the parasites. 
It is to be regretted that Mr. Surface 
comes to the front with his “important 
horticultural event” at a time when the 
San Jos6 scale is no longer feared by 
up-to-date fruit growers. Moreover a 
good spray of lime and sulphur or oil 
will kill a larger percentage in most cases 
than all of the natural enemies combined. 
With the exception of one new species 
he has really discovered nothing that was 
not known before, and his newspaper 
furore will probably cause millions of 
dollars damage by lulling people into a 
state of false security, and causing them 
to neglect really effective measures of 
control. Introduce the parasites if you 
must, and watch their work. It will be 
a good lesson in natural history; but ! 
above all, keep on with your orchard 
practice against the scale. 
I1AKUY B. WEISS. 
N. J. Experiment Station. 
“Do you take much exercise,” said the 
doctor. “Exercise!” exclaimed the pa¬ 
tient. “Why man, I have to put the dog 
down cellar every night, and I chase him 
at least seven times through every room 
in the house before I can catch him.”— 
Denver Republican. 
COMING FARMERS’ MEETINGS. 
Fruit Week, Washington, D. C., No¬ 
vember 17-22; union meeting of Ameri¬ 
can Bornological Society, Society for 
Horticultural Science, Eastern Fruit 
Growers’ Association and Northern Nut 
Growers’ Association. 
Maryland State Horticultural Society, 
Maryland Crop Improvement Association, 
Maryland Dairymen’s Association, Mary¬ 
land Beekeepers’ Association and Farm¬ 
ers’ League, Baltimore, November, 17-22. 
Paterson, N. J., Poultry Show, No¬ 
vember 14-22. 
Maine State Bornological Society, 
Lewiston, Me., November 1S-20. 
Society for Horticultural Science, an¬ 
nual meeting, Washington, I). C., Novem¬ 
ber 20-21. 
Dover, N. J., Poultry, Pigeon and Pet- 
Stock Association, annual show, Dover, 
N. J., November 24-29. 
International Live Stock Show, Chi¬ 
cago, November 29-December 6. 
Fourth annual poultry show. Ilammon- 
ton Poultry Raisers’ Association, 11am- 
monton, N. J., December 2-4. 
The Capital Poultry and Pigeon Asso¬ 
ciation will hold its annual show at 
Washington, I>. C., December 2-6. 
Ohio State Horticultural Society, 
Columbus, O., December 4-5. 
New Jersey State Horticultural So¬ 
ciety, Trenton, N. J., December 8-10. 
New York State Dairymen’s Associa¬ 
tion, Syracuse, December 9-12. 
New Jersey State Board of Agricul¬ 
ture, Trenton, N. J., December 10-12. 
Conference of State leaders in field 
studies and boys’ and girls’ clubs, Wash¬ 
ington, D. C., December 15-18. 
St. Mary’s Poultry Club, first annual 
show, St. Mary’s Pa., December 18-19. 
Poultry Show, Madison Square Gar¬ 
den, New York, December 26-31. 
New Jersey Farmers’ week, New Jer¬ 
sey Experiment Station, New Brunswick, 
December 26-31. 
Forty-first annual meeting, New Jer¬ 
sey State Board of Agriculture, Trenton, 
N. J., January 29-30, 1914. 
New York State Fruit Growers’ Asso¬ 
ciation, Convention Hall, Rochester, N. 
I, January 7-8-9, 1911. 
Peninsula Horticultural Society, an¬ 
nual Winter meeting, Easton, Md., Jan¬ 
uary, 13-15, 1914. 
Annual Corn Show, Pennsylvania Live 
Stock Breeders’ Association, Pennsyl¬ 
vania Dairy Union, Pennsylvania Hor¬ 
ticultural Association, York, Pa., third 
week in January. 
Ohio Corn Improvement Association, 
Mansfield, (>., January 27-30, 1914. 
Western New York Horticultural So¬ 
ciety, Rochester, N. Y., January 28-29- 
30, 1914. 
Farmers’ Week, Ohio State University, 
Columbus, Ohio, February 2-6, 1914. 
Sixth National Corn Exposition, State 
Fair Grounds, Dallas, Texas, February 
10-24, 1914. 
Massachusetts Agricultural College, 
Amherst, ten-weeks’ Winter course, Jan¬ 
uary 6-March 13, 1914. 
Thirty-ninth annual meeting of the 
American Association of Nurserymen, 
Cleveland, O., June 24-26, 1914. 
Seeding Wilhout Plowing. 
I have some meadow that has been in 
hay four years. The 6od is thick and 
the grass is heavy. I have not time to 
plow it; would you advise dragging and 
reseeding this Fall? j. e. D. 
Chazy, N. Y.< 
You cannot expect to obtain a good 
seeding in this way. Unless that old 
sod is well killed out the old grass will 
take possession sooner or later. In our 
own case we have never been able to 
start a satisfactory new seeding under 
these conditions. 
EXQELSIOR ENGINES 
The Postal Telegraph Company have been using an 8 II. P. 
Excelsior engine for two year*. u>ing it for pulling heavy 
cable, in such largo cilies as Washington, I). C., Chicago, 
Ill., and New York City. This is about the hardest test 
that n gasoline engi no can ho put to, as the load runs from 
nothing to the full power of the engine. The l’ostid 
Telegraph Company selected this engine because the 
Waterbury Co., of New York City, had been using an 8 11. 
P. Excelsior engine for tlio same work with great success. 
This is the kind of an engine you need on your farm, a 
strong, husky, durable, and reliable power that is always 
ready. Any reliable farmer can t ry one of these engines 
without any advance payment .hid if lie docs not And the 
Excelsior will outwork any engine lie ever saw, it may l>e 
returned to us. Catalog and other information free if 
you tell us the size farm you have. 
R. CONSOLIDATED GASOLINE ENGINE CO. 
202 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK CITY 
, Mink, Oppossum 
other kinds of raw 
anted. I am pre¬ 
pared to pay extreme prices. Send a postal for my 
price list, No fake quotations; I always pay what I 
quote Thirty-one years in the business. Personal 
grading. LEMUEL BLACK, Lock Box 338, Hiolitstown, N. J. 
SKUNK 
— Skun 
anti al 
fu rs ’ 
Why not take a crop of lumber off the farm 
this winter? It’s there, in your wood lot—and 
in your neighbors’—waiting to be harvested. 
You have the time, the team and the engine. 
All you need buy is an inexpensive “American” 
Saw Mill. You can run it yourself, and make 
good lumber for a new house, a new barn, or 
for the market. Lumber prices are high. Good 
lumber is in demand. There’s big profit in 
working wood lot timber with an “American” 
Mill is-cause it does so much at so little cost. 
An 8 II. P. engine will cut up to 2500 feet a 
day. When you’ve cleared your wood lot, go 
to your neighbor. Saw his lumber for him and 
share his profits. You ought to know all 
about this farm lumbering business. Ask us 
for our new book No- 28 —the book that tells. 
Write nearest office now, while interested. 
AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 
Makers of Standard Saw Ah Us oj Any Size 
129lIopo 8t., 
IlRcfcpttHtoirn, 
New Jersey 
188* Terminal 
Bldg. Non York 
CHICAGO 
8AVANNA1I 
KKWORLEANS 
LET US TAN 
YOUR HIDE. 
Cattle or Horse hide, Calf, Dor;, Deer 
or any kind of skin with hair or fur on. 
Wo tan and finish thorn right ; imiko 
them into coats (lor men and women), 
robes, ruffs or gflovee when ordered. 
Your fur troods w ill cost you less than 
to buy them, and bo worth more. Our 
Illustrated catalog pives a lot of i n 
formation which every stock raiser 
should have, but we never send out this 
valuable book except upon request. 
It tel i show to takeoff and care for 
hides; how and when wo pay tho froiglit 
both woy» ; about our safe d.vefnj? pro¬ 
cess which is a tremendous advantage 
to the customer, especially on horso 
hides and calf skins ; about the fur 
goods and ffame trophies we sell, taxi¬ 
dermy, etc. If you want a copy send us 
your correct address. 
The Crosby Frisian Fur Company, 
571 Lyell Ave., Rochester. N. Y, 
HUNTERS -- TR APPERS 
If you wan! an ideal lamp for night fishing, trap¬ 
ping, hunting or tor work about farm or machin¬ 
ery, send to-day tor a 
Baldwin Lamp 
Pmiectsu 11 candle poner light 150 feet, 
burns Acetylene G is. Wci-jhl 6 oz. 
Heightla. Can be carried in hand 
o» worn on cap or belt, leaviug Doth 
hrinds free. No oil. soot or ci.nss. Ab¬ 
solutely safe and simple. Filly hours i 
briutit lljrht costs V5c. Useful as well 
during Automobile repairing. Cntaiogu® 
free and mslrut live booklet, '‘Knotsnnd 
llow to Tie Them” mailed on request. 
At all dealers or by JOHN SIMMONS CO. 
mailprepaid-$1.00'jfl3 Leonard St. NewYorkClly 
— — i —i ■ ■ i— ——— i—i—m— i —I K 
Cash for 
Raw Furs 
Why sell your skins at 
homo when you can 
send thorn to us and 
eavo ail middlemen’s 
profits? Now York is 
tho host market in 
America. Wo pay cash 
for hides of Skunks. 
Minks, Coons. Opossums, Foxes, etc. Thirty years in 
tho business. No commission charged. We stand express 
nri T DI1TI CD Pfl charges. Write for price list. 
DlLI, bUlLtK bU., Exporters, 4 East 12th St., New York 
GET READY FOR THE 
Raw Fur Season 
M?il us a postal with your naino and 
address NOW and we "ill keep you 
posted on the RAW FUR MARKET. 
A. Suskind & Co., 159 W. 24th St., New York City 
G. I. FOX, 279 
Seventh Ave. 
N. Y. A square 
deal, liberal as¬ 
sortment, top 
prices. WrUe 
for price list. 
SKUNK 
WK PAY TOP PRICKS FOR SKUNK, 
MINK, MUSKRAT, AND ALL RAW FURS. 
Price list free. M. J. Jewett. & 
Song, Redwood, N.Y. Dept 29- 
SKUNKS 
and all oiherfurs will be high this season Itrapped 
from 18‘JO to 18911, the year I started in business, and 
I know tho hardships a trapper lifts to go through to 
bo successful. Why notslilp your furs this season 
to a man who understands tho business from the 
trap line to the finished garment? I am that man, 
and [want you to have iny price lists which contain 
reliable information and quotations that any man 
can understand at a glance. JAS. P. ELLIS. 39-41 Milt 
St,, Middletown. N. Y Formerly 137-139 W 29tli St , N Y. 
Don't Stop « 
to make fast the rope. Use the Burr Self-locking 
Tackle Block for all kinds of lifting. Booklet FREE 
postpaid. Ask your dealer or write us. 
THE BURR MFG. CO. 
2105 Superior Ave., N. W. Cleveland, O. 
live 
AfiFN’K WANTFI1 nec< * Beroral 
r U LII I O If Mil I LU responsible agents for our Hinxnan 
Milking Machines in Rockland, Orange, Ulster, Sullivan, 
Nassau, Suffolk, Queens, Westchester and Putnam Counties of 
New York State and in the Northern part of the State ol Nev 
.Jersey. Liberal toriitory and commissions granted.to live re 
sponsible agents. Winner Mfgr. Co.. 2JJO Greenwich St, N. Y. City 
M 
ONEY MAKING FARMS NEAR PHILADELPHIA—(Jatalogm 
free; write requirements. IV, M. Stevens, l’erknsie, Pa 
tr n FARMS FOR SALE—Near Phila. andTrcnton markets; 
I v)U good R.U. and trolley facilit ies. Now catalogue. Es 
tublished 25 years. HORACE 6. REEDER. Nowtown.Pa. 
VoliioKla r.vm—Modem bouse and buildings a 
VaiuaDie rarln orpal bargain. Address, OWNER 
Box 23, R. F. 0. 2, Marion Station, Somerset Co., Maryland 
oc A, v „. FOR SALE— Situated in the 
rarm ot ob Acres ( . entra i part 0 r Oneida e<>. 
For particulars address Box 287, Chadwicks, New York 
FOR SALE OR RENT X,VK S 
Possession at once. T. H. HARRIS, Fredericksburg, Va 
17 A R lV/tacres, 40 in pasture, good build 
L ttrvlVlJ ings. Price, $3,500. Terms, Catalogue 
FOULTZ & AN I) it JOS, - Quakertown, Pa. 
UJE SEEL GOOD FARMS in Oceana, greatest fruit Co. 
” in U. S.; also grain, potatoes, Alfalfa, dairying 
Write for list, etc. HANSON <fc SON, Hart, Mich. 
fj It 10 AT FARM It A ItG A INS in the Diamond 
u State. No Floods, Tornadoes, Hills or Rocks. 
Rich soil, Healthy climate, good market and pros¬ 
perous people. W. F. AL.I.I0N, Seaford, I)el 
7 0 Acres-Eight Room b b “™ Z x n i. 
house, hen house, apples, pears, grapes; school near 
farm. $ - 2,()00. $80<lcash lialance, long time, 5< in¬ 
terest. HALL'S FARM AGENCY. Owego, Tioga Co.. N. Y. 
New Jersey Farms> p ^“Kt. N ~te 
dolphin and New York. Unsurpassed marketing 
facilities. Desirable Home surroundings- List 
Free- A. W. DRESSER, Rnrlington, N. J. 
NEW YORK BARGAIN FARMS 
are making “young men go East,” and older men 
return East. Big values at $35 ami np per acre. (let 
big, reliable catalog of FARM BROKERS’ 
ASSOCIATION, Secretary No. (, Oneida, New York 
F fSX D CA| ET—h 200 Bu. Seed Corn (Vic- 
l» O r\ K_ E. tory Learning) 9 day, produc 
ing 125 bushel to acre, with 15 tons ot stalks to acre. 
Also GOO Bu. “ Perfect ” Potatoes, (New Seed) produc 
ing very near to 300 bu. to acre. Was absolutely Blight 
and Rust Proof, grown alongside of other potatoes that 
did Blight and Rust this past season. Prices—Com, $2.Gu 
Per Bu. Potatoes, 83 G0 Per Bu. Also 1 A No.-l Interna¬ 
tional 70-Bu. Manure Spreader, belter than new, at K 
cost price. 1 10II. P. Gasoline Engine, mounted on 
Heavy Truck, in perfect running order. Guaranteed a> 
good ms new. Also Single Comb White I-eghornslW.vckoir 
Strain)and Genuine Sponcer Strain Indian Runner Pucks. 
Richard Wagoner, Aioha Farm, Brookfield Center, Conn. 
Virginia Orchards 
are celebrated for growing the finest fruit 
in America. Apples often net $250 to $500 
an acre. Peaches, Pears, Plums, Grapes 
and Strawberries thrive equally well. Tho equable 
climate, ample rainfall—average 1 inches monthly in 
1913, fertile soil and nearness to large markets make 
conditions idea 1 for Fruit-growing and Farming. You 
can secure choice land in the famous Shenandoah Val¬ 
ley Apple Belt at 
SIS to $50 An Acre 
on easy payments. 
Only 1 hours from Philadelphia, 
0 from New York, charming so- 
cial environments. Write today 
for illustrated booklets 
and information. 
F. H. LaBaume, Agent 
Norfolk & Wcslem Ky. 
Room 265,11.1 W. Ry. 
Bldg., Roanoke, Va. 
Get A Canadian Home 
In Western Canada’s 
Free Homestead Are; 
Tho Province of I has several 
IVIanitobal^V 10 ,'^ 
trlcts that afford raro opportu¬ 
nity to Bretire 160 Acro9 of 
excellent agricultural laud FREE. 
For Grain Growing 
and Cattle Raising 
this Province has no superior 
and In profitable agriculture shows an 
unbroken period of over a quarter of u 
century. „ 
Perfect Climate; Good Markets; Rail¬ 
ways Convenient: Soil the very best, aud 
social conditions most desirable. 
Vacant luruta adjacent to Free Home¬ 
steads may bo purchased and also in tho 
older Districts lauds may be bought at. 
reasonaUo prices. 
For Further Particulars, address 
J. S. Crawford 
301 E. Genesee St. 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
or write Superintendent of Immigration, 
Ottawa, Canada. 
We guarantee to hold alt shipments entirely separate, and in ease our valua¬ 
tions are not satisfactory we will return your goods at once, and pay all 
express charges both ways. 
H. A. PERKINS & CO. 
WHITE RIVER JUNCTION. VT. 
References; Dun or Bradstrcet Commercial Agencies— Any Bank 
Why Not Save the 
Middleman's Profit 
and Ship Your 
FURS 
Send for price list and ship to 
to where they bring most? 
No market like New York. 
M. F. Pfaelzor & Co., 
119 W. 29th St. (Desk 2<2), 
New York City. 
