1013. 
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
1230 
A FINE AYRSHIRE COW. 
We find wherever we go throughout 
dairy sections that the Ayrshire cattle 
appear to be coming back. This breed is 
certainly gaining in popularity, and every¬ 
where we hear the same story of good 
qualities. The Ayrshire is called a good 
natured, hardy cow, a good forager, and 
capable of making a living under rather 
hard conditions if need be, and yet re¬ 
sponding to good care. She gives a large 
mess of high-class milk, is a healthy, 
vigorous cow, and the steers and old 
cows give a large carcass of good meat. 
Of course, we all understand that the 
selection of a breed of cattle is now pret¬ 
ty much a matter of conditions and 
character of the dairymen, but without 
question the Ayrshire, especially in hilly 
or rough sections, is rapidly gaining in 
favor. We give below an official record 
of the Ayrshire cow, Auchenbrain Brown 
Kate IV, 27943, owned by Penshurst 
Farm, Narberth, Pennsylvania. It is 
said that this record beats all previously 
recorded performances by an Ayrshire, 
the best previous record being 1046 
pounds of butter in a year. This cow 
was imported from Scotland three years 
ago. She is mostly red in color, and of 
large size, weighing 1,350 pounds in or¬ 
dinary condition. During this test she 
was milked three times a day, and the 
highest grain ration per day was fifteen 
pounds. The milk sold at five cents per 
quart. The feed was charged at market 
price, and the record is indorsed by the 
Pennsylvania State College. This cow 
evidently comes from a long line of milk¬ 
ers. ITer mother when 14 years old pro¬ 
duced 9S9 gallons of milk. The sire has 
one daughter with a record of 15,218 
pounds of milk in a year, and another 
daughter which has a record of 70 pounds 
of milk in a day. Surely here was a cow 
which had to “act like father’s folks.” 
We give the record of milk and butter 
production, and also the quantity of feed. 
Lbs. 
Butter 
Lbs. : 
Per cent 
Lbs. 
1912 
Milk. 
Fat. 
Fat. 
Fat. 
October (29 
days) 
1679.3 
3.(>7 
61.63 
72.51 
November 
2060.6 
3.95 
81.39 
95.75 
December .. 
2322.9 
3.73 
86.64 
101.93 
1913 
January ... 
2054.7 
3.9 
80.13 
94.27 
February .. 
1813.9 
3.9 
70.74 
83.22 
March .... 
1995.2 
3.51 
70.03 
82.39 
April . 
1911.5 
4.25 
81.23 
95.16 
Mav . 
1969.9 
3.96 
78.00 
91.76 
June . 
2007.6 
4.04 
81.11 
95.42 
July . 
. 
2022.7 
4.13 
83.54 
98.28 
August 
2071.3 
4.36 
90.10 
106.00 
September 
1040.6 
4.77 
49.04 
58.40 
October (2 
days). 
71.8 
4.77 
3.42 
4.02 
305 days. 
230022.0 
3.99 
917.60 
1079.11 
(1080) 
10963 qts. of milk @ 5c. per qt., 8548.15. 
FOOD CONSUMED WITH COST OF SAME. 
704 Mis. Bran <§> $25.00. $8.80 
762 lbs. Hominy @ $6.00. 9.91 
1074 lbs. Ground Oats @ $32.00. 17.18 
54S lbs. Gluten © $28.00. 7.67 
812 lbs. Cottonseed Meal @ $32.00. 12.99 
134 lbs. Peanut Meal @ $30.00. 2 01 
908 lbs. Oil Meal @ $30.00. 13.02 
8000 lbs. Ensilage (a) $3.00. 12.(h) 
21000 lbs. Beets @ $6.Of). 63.00 
2880 lbs. Alfalfa Hay @ $26.00. 37.44 
__ $184.62 
Michigan Dairy Act. —Possibly there 
are few States with better dairies or 
more sanitary barns than are to be found 
in Michigan, yet the Michigan Legisla¬ 
ture, at its last session, passed a law 
which when enforced will solve the prob¬ 
lem of poor dairy products. The act de¬ 
mands that milk shall be from healthy 
cows, properly fed and kept, shall con¬ 
tain not less than SVa per cent of solids 
not fat, and 3% of fat, and that cream 
shall be fresh and clean and not con¬ 
tain less than 1S% fat. Milk which is 
obtained within eight days before calving 
and four days after, is condemned by the 
act. Milk produced in barns or stables 
which are not reasonably well lighted and 
ventilated, or which are filthy from the 
presence of the animals or other causes, 
is condemned. Milk from filthy cows, or 
milk which is transported in dirty, rusty 
or open seamed cans or other utensils, or 
milk that is stale, putrescent or putrid, 
or that which has been infected by the 
presence of any unclean or unwholesome 
substance, or is kept in foul and obnox¬ 
ious places, and the cream from such 
milk is declared insanitary. Cream pro¬ 
duced by the use of a cream separator 
which has not been thoroughly washed, 
cleansed and scalded after previous use, 
or cream from a separator placed in an 
unclean or filthy room, or in a building 
in which cows are kept, is declared insan¬ 
itary. If cream is shipped in dirty, rusty 
or open seamed cans, is exposed to foul 
and unclean odors or kept in foul or un¬ 
clean places, it is insanitary in view of the 
ui’ :nu ^. *ts sale is prohibited by law. 
All premises and utensils used in the pre¬ 
paration or handling of dairy products, 
it kept in unsanitary and obnoxious con- 
ditions, are declared insanitary. Uten¬ 
sils used in the shipment of dairy pro¬ 
ducts must be thoroughly cleansed before 
heir return. 4 iolations of the provisions 
pt the act are punishable by maximum 
uue ot 8100 and maximum imprisonment 
not to exceed GO days. w. j. 
THE COST OF A QUART OF MILK. 
In the effort now being made to secure 
for the producer of milk a fair part of its 
final selling price, the dairy farmer finds 
himself at a disadvantage when he does 
not know just what a quart of milk costs 
him. The gross returns from his business 
in late years have unquestionably been 
wholly inadequate when compared with 
the cost of conducting it, but he has been 
permitted no voice in the matter of setting 
a price upon his product, and without 
exact knowledge as to its cost, he has not 
been in position to fix a minimum price 
below which he must refuse to produce it. 
Upon the ordinary dairy farm ivhere labor 
is divided between the several members 
of a family and distributed, with no other 
expenses, over a number of crops and 
under constantly varying conditions, this 
lack of definite knowledge does not show 
a lack of business ability so much as it 
does the existence of conditions peculiar 
to the business of farming, and in large 
measure beyond the control of the farm¬ 
er. It is a matter for congratulation, 
then, that several experiment stations 
have recognized the need for exact figures 
upon this point, and have endeavored to 
secure them. The Experiment Station at 
Amherst, Mass., has recently published 
a bulletin (No. 145) giving the results of 
a study of the records of their dairy herd. 
The herd at Amherst is fairly repre¬ 
sentative of that of the ordinary farmer, 
being made up of grade Jerseys with a 
sprinkling of Holsteins and Ayrshires. It 
has been secured by purchase from farm¬ 
ers and by breeding. While their aim 
has not been primarily to secure data as 
to the cost of producing milk, their rec¬ 
ords make it possible for them to do so. 
A study of 131 yearly records shows that 
the average cost of food per cow has been 
$90.04, of which practically one-third 
($33.67) has been for grain. Even with 
experiment station facilities for getting 
at exact costs, they have been obliged to 
estimate the expenses of keeping a dairy, 
other than those for food. In this esti¬ 
mate the value of buildings and equip¬ 
ment, of the cows, of labor, and deprecia¬ 
tion charges have been included, but in¬ 
terest upon the cost of the land needed to 
support the cows has not been taken into 
account. The total yearly expense, other 
than cost of feed, was estimated at $73.15 
per cow, from which was deducted $17 as 
credit for the value of manure and calf. 
This leaves a net fixed charge of $56 per 
cow, or 15.3c. per day. The Connecticut 
station at Storrs is quoted as having 
found this charge for labor, interest upon 
investment, depreciation, etc., to be $50 
per cow, and the New Jersey station as 
$55. These results corroborate the sub¬ 
stantial accuracy of the Amherst figures. 
The records of these 131 cows show the 
average yearly milk yield to have been 
61)00 pounds of 5 % milk, equivalent to 
356 pounds of butter. 
A table summarizing their figures gives 
the average yearly cost of'food, per cow, 
as $90.04. the net yearly cost other than 
for food $56, making a total of $146.04. 
The average yearly yield per cow was j 
6,036.3 pounds, or 2.6S3 quarts. This 
makes the cost of production of the milk 
$2.42 per hundred pounds, or 5.45c. per 
quart. The food cost of a quart of milk 
was found to be 3.35 cents, and the other 
fixed charges 2.10 cents. These figures 
show that the farmer having a superior 
herd of grade Jerseys, averaging 6,000 
pounds of milk per year each, should re¬ 
ceive 5.5 cents per quart for his milk in 
order to get a fair market price for his 
roughage and $35 per year for his labor 
per cow. A summary of the results ob¬ 
tained from a five-year study of the mixed 
herd kept at the Storrs (Conn.) Experi¬ 
ment Station shows that the average 
yearly production per cow was 6.379 
pounds of 4.34 per cent, milk, costing 
4.78 cents per quart at the barn. 
The New Jersey Station has submit¬ 
ted a careful account of the cost of the 
milk produced by its selected herd of 
grade Ilolsteius. Jersey, Ayrshires and 
(lurnseys. In this herd Holsteins pre¬ 
dominated. and the milk production was 
very high, averaging 8,661 pounds of 3.96 
per cent, milk each year. Figuring 
roughage at actual cost of production, 
this milk cost 4.31 cents per quart; at 
market prices for the roughage, the cost 
per quart was 4.98 cents. 
In commenting upon these figures. Dr. 
Lindsey of the Amherst Station, says: 
“It is the belief of the writer that in the 
past a great deal of milk has been made 
and sold for loss than the cost of produc¬ 
tion. In making an attempt to gain a 
temporary livelihood from dairying, many 
have sacrificed the fertility of their farms, 
employed the most primitive methods of 
housing and oaring for their dairy stock, 
while the family have cared for the milk 
and for the dairy utensils without credit. 
8uch methods on the part of the pro¬ 
ducer as against the organized business 
method of the contractor have resulted 
in a measure at least, in the establishing 
ot a relatively low wholesale or retail 
price. . Now that health authorities are, 
AMth right, demanding better dairy meth- 
<«1s. the producer is indeed confronted 
Avith a serious problem, namely, hoAV to 
conform to modern sanitary requirements 
in the face of the increased cost of labor, 
grain and tools, and produce milk at a 
reasonable profit. He is meeting this 
problem at present in a negative way by 
selling his coavs and trying to turn his 
attention to other lines of agricultural 
industry.” m. b. dean, i 
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"Originators of Sanitary 
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A 
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wKUIVIb O WARRINER 
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