U)13. 
1249 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
|Right under the 
face of your farm is the best^H 
^ hind of fertilizer— Limestone^ WHl * 1 
_—waiting to be crushed and mixed >§ 
y W1 th the soil to make it erow bigger, better^^^Bl 
payingcrops. Your land needs this kind of fertilh^^E^^UJ 
zer. You can crush it at a cost of about 65 cents a ton^ 
or less if you use a 
i$H Wheeling r tSf Crashed 
Only 6 H P needed to operate it. At spare times you can make 
it pay for itself several times over by crushing for your neighbors 
and for road making. The Wheeling is made of steel—three times as 
strong as a cast-iron crusher. Much lighter and reauires less power. 
130 Raymond Street, Wheeling.W. Va. 
Crush it 
Your- a 
self Jt 
Preparing Peanuts. 
I raised several bushels of peanuts, 
which are new in this community, and be¬ 
ing entirely ignorant in regard to their 
uses would like to know how to dry them 
properly and how to make peanut butter, 
brittle and candy; also how to roast 
them. I am also told that in the South 
they boil them. j. w. w. 
Maryland. 
Peanuts are cured by stacking them 
around stakes about six feet tall. The 
nuts are packed next the stake and the 
tops out, as it is necessary to cure them 
excluded from the light, as the hulls will 
turn dark if the fresh nuts are exposed 
to the light. The nuts are roasted in 
revolving cylinders over a fire as coffee is 
roasted. But on a small scale they can 
be roasted in a pan kept stirred till the 
nuts are browned through. The making 
of peanut butter is done at the oil fac¬ 
tories, and cannot be well done at home. 
The peanut brittle is made like the or¬ 
dinary molasses candy, with saleratus to 
lighten it, and the nuts, with the red 
skin rubbed off after roasting, are simply 
stirred into the candy as it cooks, the 
whole poured out on plates to cool. I 
have never seen peanuts boiled, though it 
may be done I suppose. I do not know 
of any book on the subject. 
w. F. MASSEY. 
R. N.-Y.—Send to the Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. for 
Farmers’ Bulletin 431, “The Peanut,” by 
W. R. Beattie, which treats this subject 
very fully. 
Kieffer Fruiting on Terminal Branches. 
I have just finished picking my Kieffer 
pears, and I find a great many small ones, 
llow would it do to cut off about a foot 
of the end of the branches? They grow 
in clusters on the end and are small. 
Kenvil, N. J. w. r. 
Nearly all varieties of pears have a 
tendency to bear fruit on the terminals 
of the branches, this tendency is perhaps 
more pronounced in the Kieffer and Gar¬ 
ber than most other sorts. The preventive 
remedy lies in pruning, which can be 
done in early Spring or in Summer, as 
one may choose. If the tree is large and 
there is no longer any advantage to be 
gained by extra top growth, I would ad¬ 
vise that the pruning or shortening of 
the branches be done in July. By so 
doing this upward flow of the sap will 
be checked, and fruit bud growth will be 
encouraged lower down on the branches. 
Early Spring pruning or shortening in 
the branches will of course remove all 
terminal bloom buds, hut will not prove 
effective in checking lateral growth nor 
the forming of terminal buds that season. 
Nor will early pruning have as great a 
tendency to encourage the growth of 
fruiting spurs lower down. If the prun¬ 
ing cannot be done or is neglected, it 
would he advisable to go over the trees 
early in the season and remove all fruits 
that are found on the ends of the branch¬ 
es. Thinning them to one or two will 
seldom encourage a much larger growth, 
especially if the branches are well set 
with fruit lower down, as the nourish¬ 
ment will naturally go to the fruits low¬ 
er down on the heavier parts of the 
branches, thus depriving the terminal 
fruits of full nourishment, which will pre¬ 
vent their reaching normal size*. We have 
always welcomed these small fruits, such 
as grow on the ends of the branches, as 
they are just the right size for spicing 
whole, awl can easily be put into fruit 
jars. K . 
the bloom before the pollen from nearby 
self-fertile varieties reached the receptive 
female part practically no fruit will de¬ 
velop. In some seasons the pollen from 
self-fertile varieties appears to lack the 
power to fertilize the ovules so that they 
are only stimulated into making but little 
growth. Later these unfertilized berries 
drop or “slough” off and the cluster be¬ 
comes scraggly. 
at blooming appears to 
effect upon the set of 
prolonged dry winds al- 
cause imperfect set, as 
this time. The vigor of 
The weather 
have a decided 
grapes. Warm 
most invariably 
do cold rains at 
the vine also has a perceptible effect upon 
the potency of the pollen. Had the var¬ 
iety in question, though self-fertile, been 
bagged before blooming and rain had 
obtained access to the inside it is very 
unlikely that pollination would have 
taken place. 
If the bagging were done after the set 
was assured in this case, it is quite prob¬ 
able that the failure was due to powdery 
mildew upon the stems or pedicels of the 
berries. Dropping from this cause is very 
common with unbagged clusters, and the 
writer has observed powdery mildew upon 
the peduncle and pedicels of those that 
were bagged. Especially is this true 
where the bagging was delayed. Again 
grape berries “shell” or rattle from the 
cluster if the vine be carrying too much 
fruit. The degree of this injury ranges 
from the loss of but a few berries to a 
total loss. Bagging, while often product¬ 
ive of good results, does not necessarily 
insure good fruit unless these and other 
unfavorable factors be eliminated. 
F. E. GLADWIN. 
An Indoor Hotbed. 
Would it he practicable to make a hot 
bed for starting plants in the early 
Spring, by placing the horse manure in 
a wooden box with the earth on top. and 
covering with glass? Conditions do not 
favor the preparation of a bed out in 
the open according to the general direc 
tlons, and I should like to adopt the plan 
referred to if feasible, placing the box in 
a sunny window. I have been unable to 
get satisfactory results from the ordin 
ary window box containing earth only 
as the box must be placed in an unheated 
room, in order to secure sufficient sun¬ 
light. I am anxious to secure a supply 
of early plants. h. t. 
Quakertown, Pa. 
Your plan would 
tieable, as it would 
sufficient manure in 
erate heat, 
should not 
not be at all prac- 
be impossible to get 
a small box to gen- 
are 
had 
Why Do Grapes Drop? 
Y hat is the cause of grapes that 
flagged not ripening? Some hunches 
fluly one ripe grape on the hunch. 
Spring City, Pa. A. E. G. 
Several reasons can be advanced as 
possibilities for the failure of the berries 
to persist until mature. Varieties of 
grapes are placed in three groups respect¬ 
ing their fertility, i. e., those varieties 
known as the self-fertile, that do not re¬ 
quire pollination from other varieties in 
order that the ovules be fertilized; as for 
example, the Concord and Niagara. 
Iflose incapable of fertilizing their own 
ovules, hut requiring the pollen from 
fertile varieties. These are known 
ils self-sterile, and are represented among 
0Ur cultivated varieties by Bindley and 
others of the Rogers’ hybrids. Thirdly 
those that are imperfectly self-fertil 
the bagging should bt 
done before 
e. If 
bloom- 
Ul T w ?th the self-sterile or imperfectly 
self-fertile varieties few if any berries 
would develop, or should it he done during 
A hotbed to be practical 
be less than six feet square 
and the manure or heating material not 
less than 30 inches deep. A hotbed of 
this size could not be operated in the 
house. 
The best arrangement I ever saw for 
starting plants in an unheated room was 
made from an olQ hot-water incubator. 
The top had been carefully removed, and 
a false bottom (through which eight or 
ten one-half-inch auger holes were bored 
for drainage) had been fitted just beneath 
the radiating pipes, which were of cop¬ 
per. A box without bottom and of the 
same length and width as the incubator 
was made from lumber one-half inch thick 
and nine inches wide, to which strips or 
battings one-half inch thick and four 
inches wide were nailed on the outside, 
and extending two inches down over the 
outside of the incubator, glass sash over 
the top to give light and to confine the 
heat. About four inches of good earth 
covered the pipes. The incubator oil lamp 
furnished the heat which could be regu¬ 
lated as easily as if the incubator was 
running full of eggs instead of being used 
as a hotbed. This method, I was told, 
had proven a great success for raising 
various kinds of plants in a small way, 
and the plants that were growing in it 
at the time I saw it. certainly proved the 
truth of the owner’s assertion, for they 
were as fine and healthy looking a lot 
of young plants as anyone would wish 
to see. k. 
Liming a Garden. 
IIow much air-slaked lime will he need¬ 
ed on a garden 40x75 feet? This soil 
is rich and heavy, hakes down very hard, 
has not been cultivated for many years 
till this Summer. n. h. m. 
Manchester, N. II. 
Such a garden contains 3,000 square 
feet, or a little less than 15 per cent of 
an acre. A ton of slaked lime would be 
used on an acre of such soil, so this gar¬ 
den should receive 300 pounds spread 
after plowing or spading. 
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Men who have never worn Cloth¬ 
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REG. U S 
PAT. OPFt 
The photograph 
THE JOSEPH & FEISS CO. 
Founded 1846 
635 St. Clair Avenue, N. W. 
Cleveland. Sixth City 
The drawing 
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