m3. 
1253 
COVER CROPS IN SOUTH JERSEY. 
Fig. 486, is a picture of a one-year-old 
(on the right) and two-year-old (on the 
left) peach orchard with four rows of 
cow peas sown between for seed. In 
the peach tree rows, a space about six 
feet wide, I sow cow peas late, broadcast, 
about the first to middle of August, and 
let them die down for a mulch to protect 
the trees and roots in Winter. Ours is 
a very sandy soil, but by broadcasting 
150 or 200 pounds muriate of potash per 
acre they make a fine growth. In my 
large orchard I sow cow peas every year 
in about June, then plow under in Sep¬ 
tember or October, and sow to rye and 
plow that under when coming in bloom in 
Spring. I consider green manure na¬ 
ture’s solution to the high price of fertil¬ 
izer and the preservation of moisture. In 
my four-year-old orchard this year I just 
mowed the cow peas, and will leave them 
on the ground as a mulch over Winter. 
Too much cannot be said or done in re¬ 
claiming poor and worn-out soils with 
green manures. E. L. L. 
Vineland, N. .1. 
R. N.-Y.—No question about the value 
of cover crops on the lighter soils of the 
the middle South and the sea coast. The 
great trouble with these soils is a lack 
of organic matter. Western farmers on 
their heavy soils cannot realize what it 
means to farm on light land where or¬ 
ganic matter is used up rapidly. Stable 
manure is out of the question on many 
<if those light soils and cover crops which 
grow during Fall and Winter supply the 
need. The most profitable farming in 
this country is now being done on these 
thin, light soils through the use of chem¬ 
ical fertilizers and green manuring. 
USING “CULTURES” IN ALFALFA. 
Let me know what chemical to use 
and the proper temperature, etc., to in¬ 
crease or multiply a small quantity of 
pure culture of the bacteria used to 
iuotulate soil for Alfalfa. I propose to 
buy a small quantity of the bacteria cul¬ 
ture and increase it before putting it on 
the land. The Alfalfa is now up six 
inches high, hut it failed at about this 
stage of growth once before. . a. j. b. 
Wakefield, Va. 
If the yield has failed on one crop and 
the lime content is right a surer way to 
inoculate the field is to spread 200 to 
400 pounds of soil per acre from a field 
that has very recently grown a good crop 
of Alfalfa, and harrow in at once. The 
pure culture methods are usually for in¬ 
oculating the seed only. A good culture 
for this organism can often-be obtained 
by mixing a volume of soil from a field 
that is successfully growing Alfalfa with 
two or three times this volume of water. 
This mixture is stirred vigorously several 
times a day for two days and the soil 
allowed to settle, after which the seed 
may be inoculated, or a small portion of 
this liquid may be transferred to about 
1,000 times its volume of water or to 
a solution composed of the following: 
( ane sugar or mannite 1%; mono-potas¬ 
sium phosphate 1% ; magnesium sulphate 
•05%. About .5-1% ammonia phosphate 
added will stimulate the multiplication 
of the culture. This same solution may 
lie used to grow the pure organisms. The 
best temperature is from 75 to 80 de¬ 
grees Fhr. If in 20 to 24 hours the cul¬ 
ture is growing, it will become cloudy 
"l- milky, due to increase in numbers of 
bacteria. It is then ready to use and 
111 ay be sprinkled on a field provided it 
the; rural 
is not a large one. I doubt the success of 
the inoculation if the Alfalfa is already 
six inches high. It is likely to die out 
before the inoculation becomes effected. 
College Park, Md. r. w. samson. 
WANT TO KNOW. 
Will The R. N.-Y. or its readers, who 
have had experience, give information on 
the following subjects : 1. What are the 
best measures for protecting a room with 
loose windows, exposed to the prevailing 
Winter winds, to conserve the artificial 
heat? 
2. What are the best methods for heat¬ 
ing such room, on second floor (in a 
house heated by stoves) where it is not 
desirable to carry fuel upstairs? A good 
radiator has been in use; this is heated 
by the hot air from the stove pipe of a 
large stove in room below, which heat 
afterward passes through another pipe 
to chimney. This radiator, very satis¬ 
factory at first, soon filled with soot and 
ashes, and has since been not only in¬ 
adequate in heating capacity, but it has 
been necessary to remove it, and clean 
inside of both radiator and pipe once 
in about every six weeks. It has also, in 
spite of excellent draft, smoked the walls 
in both upper and lower room. Coal was 
tried instead of wood', but did not give 
as much heat. Wood not thoroughly sea¬ 
soned was used part of the time, and may 
have been responsible for the soot to some 
extent. If others have managed the same 
to better effect their method would be of 
interest, and especially some other ways 
of heating. I have read an alluring de¬ 
scription of a heater placed on a lamp; 
has anyone tried it? 
3. The above suggests a question re¬ 
garding the use of scraps of sheet-zinc, 
as discussed some time ago in your paper. 
One writer stated that it was effective to 
clean out soot from flues, etc; another 
that it would put out fire in flues. Are 
both right? Judging from the latter 
statement, if zinc is used for cleaning I 
suppose it burns the coal chemically— 
that is no flames are generated. Is this 
supposition correct? On another point, 
one said to open the draft of stove—the 
other to close the draft. Which should 
be done? inquirer. 
Massachusetts. 
R. N.-Y.—This is a case calling for 
discussion rather^ than for any single ex¬ 
pert answer. What would you do with 
such experience as you have had? 
Fertilizer in Crowbar Holes. 
A Connecticut reader sends us a trans¬ 
lation from a French paper, giving a so- 
called new method for fertilizing fruit 
trees. This consists in punching holes 
with a crowbar around a tree, about out to 
where the branches extend. In each hole 
is to be put 1(4 ounces of fertilizer. This 
fertilizer consists of half acid phosphate, 
one quarter each nitrate of soda and 
kainit. It is claimed that by this method 
of punching holes the fertilizer is put 
down among the roots of the trees and 
quickly made available. Personally we 
can see no advantage in punching these 
holes, over the usual plan of scattering 
this fertilizer evenly, and cultivating or 
raking it in. The latter plan gives a 
wider and more uniform distribution, and 
puts the fertilizer where the feeding roots 
can get hold of it. If we punch holes 
enough in the ground to give a thorough ; 
distribution, it is doubtful if there would ■ 
be any saving of labor. 
The newly-married pair had escaped 
from their demonstrative friends, when 
the carriage stopped. The bridegroom 
looked out of the window impatiently. 
“What’s the matter, driver?” he called. 
‘ The horse has thrown a shoe, sir,” was 
the reply. “Great Scott!” he groaned, 
“even the horse knows we’re just mar¬ 
ried.”—Ladies’ Home Journal. 
A COYER CROP OF COW PEAS IN NEW JERSEY. Fig. 4S6. 
NEW-YORKER 
It’s risky to buy 
"V 
Vi 
tt 
Iwtland Cement 
betc™ alpha 
I P&rtldnd Pi fbrtiondl 
To just say “Portland” means you might get cement 
good enough for some work but not good enough for yours , 
and thejob that should last forages might’be entirely spoiled. 
“Portland” is only a general word that stands for a certain 
class of cement. It does n v ot describe the qtiality. Cement, 
like leather or lumber, is fair, better or very select. The 
United States Government, in Farmers’ Bulletin 481, says, 
“Many brands of Portland Cement are on the market, and 
the farmer should select a well-known mzk.e. guaranteed to 
meet the standard of the United States Government.” 
ALPHA 
THE GUARANTEED 
- PORTLAND 
CEMENT 
is warranted to more than meet this 
standard. The government has pur¬ 
chased hundreds of thousands of 
barrels of ALPHA for use in im¬ 
portant forts, piers, sea walls, etc. 
In building for all time you ought 
to have the best Portland Cement 
that is made. Use ALPHA, the 
guaranteed brand. When you 
see ALPHA on a bag you can be 
sure that every ounce of the cement 
is thoroughly burned, finely ground, 
correctly aged—that every ounce is 
live and full of binding power. 
Some dealers will offer “just as 
good” cements, but we will see that 
you can get ALPHA, the kind that 
you may be sure' of at all times. 
25-Cent Farm Building Book Sent FREE 
Our 112-page book shows the farmer how to make permanent 
improvements withfALPHA Cement. Ask for Book R 
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT COMP ANYgSS'Easton,Pa. 
SPECIFY ALPHA AND BEL SURE 
Jleiv (d/clland 
— Stone Crusher — 
will crush trap rock or any kind of stone 
for road making, concrete work, cement 
sidewalks, fence posts, hog wallows, etc. 
Make big money crushing stone for your 
neighbors. These crushers are strong 
and powerful and easy to operate. The 
cost is surprisingly 
low. Send today 
for interesting 
free trial offer. 
NEW HOLLAND 
MACHINE CO. 
Box 41, 
New Holland, Pa. 
This Self Sharpening 
-Feed 
Grinder 
Shears the grain instead of 
mashing it. Can’t clog or gum. 
Grinds feed finer on less power 
than any other mill. Handles 
screenings, husks, alfalfa, hay. 
1 set buhrs grinds 1,000-3,000 bu. 
Letz SUe f nt h ^uRr nln * 
S'SSFeed Mill 
gine and we’ll show you how 
you can, without risk or ex¬ 
pense, Try it 10 days Free. 
Lili Mfg. Co. 213 East Road. 
Crown Point, Ind. 
New Scientific No. 20 Mill 
Heavy steel legs and steel 
hopper. Most efficient 
and strongest small 
power mill ever built. 
Will grind cob corn, 
shelled corn, oats and 
all other small grains to 
any desired grade, from 
hominy feed to meaL 
Fully Guaranteed 
Equipped with flywheel, 
cold rolled steel shaft, 
end thrust ball bearing 
and 8-inch high carbon 
grinding plates. 
Two sets of plates fur- 
. . , nished with each mill. 
Adapted for use in any locality. We stand back of 
every olaim we make for it. Write for descriptive catalog. 
THE BAUER BROS. CO., Box 513 Springfield, Ohio 
B0WSHER Ml 
(Sold with or without Elevator.) 
Fo»* Every Variety of Work. 
Have conical shaped grinders. Different 
front ail others. Handiest to operate and 
LIGHTEST RUNNING. 
7 •!*•*—3 to 25 horse power. One style for 
win Jv.heel use. (Also make Sweep Grind* 
ere —Geared and Plain. 
P. R. BOWSHER CO.. South Bend, Ind. 
THRESHERS 
HORSE POWERS 
SAW MACHINES 
ENSILAGE CUTTERS 
GASOLINE ENGINES 
Don't buy any of the above till you get our Catalog and 
reasonable prices. We’ll surprise you. Hundreds testify 
to the wisdom of this counsel. Send for new 1913 
Catalog full of pictures. A. W. GRAY’S SONS, 
U South Street, Middletown Springs, Vt. 
Send for Free Book on Cleaning and 
Grading Grain. Then ask for the size 
machine you want, send $1.00 and II, . 
ship 1914 Model Chatham, freight pre- . 
paid, with special screens and riddles for) 
all Grains, Grasses and Weed Seed where 
you live. Give it a month’s hard test. If 
not satisfied, send it back and get your $1. 
If satisfied, pay me any time before 1914. 
CHATHAM Grain 
Handles all grains and 
grass seeds; takes out 
weed seed; separates mixed grains; 
leaves big, pure seed. Over 300 • 
000 Chathams in use, and every 
owner satisfied! Write a postal 
now for my FEEE copyrighted 
book, *‘The Chatham System of 
Breeding Big Crops ;’L descrip¬ 
tion, price, terms, etc Address 
nearest office. Dept. ’43 
MANSON CAMPBELL CO. 
Detroit, Kansas City, Minneapolis 
Grader and 
Cleaner 
We now mak e a full line of both Steel-Wheel 
and Wood-Wheel Farm Trucks, and shall be 
pleased to furnish you our free catalog of same. 
On account of the ease with which work can 
J be done with these trucks, they are fast com¬ 
ing into general use. Let us have your in¬ 
quiry for prices. 
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO., Box 17, HA VASA, ILL. 
Save Work? 
Time, Money 
By using our low down 
steel wheel 
wagron 
Electric 
saves high lilting, lighten 
draft, don't rut roads. Spokes 
don't loosen—wheels don’t dry out or rot. 
rite for free book on Wagons and Wheels. 
Wheel Co.. 48 Elm Street. Quincy. III. 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties 
its kettle in one minute. The simplest 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food for stock. Also make Dairy and 
Laundry Stoves, Water and 
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog 
Scalders, Caldrons.etc. J^*Send 
for particulars and ask for circular- J 
D. li. Sperry & Co., Batavia, 111, 
Running water when 
and where you want 
it with FOSTER 
High Duty Ram. 
Power Specialty 
" 111 Trinity 
New York 
Get 
Free 
Hook 
When you write advertisers mention The 
Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get a quick 
reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee 
editorial page. :::::: 
