1913. 
THE) RTJR.AI> NBW-YORKSK 
12(31 
PUREBREDS OR GRADES. 
A good many people are thinking of 
starting a dairy herd in the near future, 
and the question presents itself: “What 
kind of cattle shall we start -with, pure- 
breds or grades? Good grade cattle are 
being appreciated more all the time, and 
it is nothing unusual for a choice high- 
grade cow of the best dairy breeds to 
bring from $125 to $150. Of course these 
animals look like purebreds, and are 
about as good as purebreds in every way 
excepting that the dash of mongrel blood 
in their veins may crop out in their off¬ 
spring, which of course makes them less 
desirable as breeding animals. 
A great many make the mistake of tak¬ 
ing it for granted that the fact an animal 
is registered adds to its intrinsic value, 
while, as a matter of fact, a purebred 
scrub is about as worthless as a scrub 
can be. One should never lose sight 
of the fact that superiority of a purebred 
consists in that its ancestors have been 
mated and developed for many generations 
with the idea of conforming to a certain 
standard, which in turn is supposed to 
produce the best results along certain 
lines. For instance, the Holstein cow has 
been developed to produce the largest pos¬ 
sible amount of milk. To do this they 
have been fed on an abundance of food 
that would cause them to grow to the 
largest size, and at the same time not lay 
on too much fat. The nitrogenous food 
which this requires, is also conducive to 
the development of the mammary glands 
and produces the heavy milking cow. 
Now a novice can take a herd of fine 
purebred cattle and in a very few genera¬ 
tions can let them degenerate into a lot of 
scrubs. It is evident that the money that 
such a man pays for his original herd is 
totally lost under such management. 
Let us see how the proposition works 
out in actual practice. At the present 
time one can buy good grade heifer calves 
from the milk producers at $2 each at 
birth. If one will properly develop them, 
they will bring around $100 when they 
freshen at two years old. On the other 
hand, one can buy registered heifer 
calves at from $50 up to almost any 
price that one can afford to pay. The 
*50 calf may be just as good an individ¬ 
ual as the one that will cost $500; the 
difference being in the records made by the 
ancestors. The cost of raising the grade 
or the fullblood will be just the same, 
and the two animals will look much alike 
at two years old. If the fullblood is 
one that cost $50 at birth, she will not 
have much to back her up excepting the 
fact that she has no mongrel blood, and 
if sold before she freshens, she will not 
bring much over $150. Therefore, un¬ 
der these conditions, one will ultimately 
make just about as much clear profit on 
the grade as the fullblood. 
But that is not all there is of it. With 
the purebred animal , / one always has the 
chance that she will develop into an ex¬ 
tra good milker, and that he may give 
her an official record, and thus increase 
her value in exact ratio to the size of the 
record. I suppose that a good many 
breeders will contend that there is not 
much of a chance of developing a $50 
calf into a great producer, and that their 
$500 calf is almost sure to be one. But 
I am very optimistic in regard to the 
cheap purebred calf of good individuality 
and perfect health, and would take a 
chance on her winning over the progeny 
of some great record cow that had been 
ruined in making that record. Therefore, 
I would say that if you intend to get 
right into the game and develop your 
calves to the very last notch of which 
you are capable, and then follow it up 
by testing them as soon as they freshen, 
I would invest in purebreds; but if you 
are going to rest on your oars and drift 
along with only the register papers pinned 
to your mast for sails, I think you would 
get just as far with grades. J. G. M. 
The Cow Buyer. —Oftentimes a farm¬ 
er wants to sell his little herd of cows 
and young cattle. The cows are in all 
stages of lactation and the young 
things, ho must sell all or nothing. I 
along and wants a fresh cow, but the 
farmer wants to sell the whole bunch, so 
lie refuses to sell the cow, even at a 
1'ig price. Just the same with other 
things he must sell all or nothing. I 
t>uy the bunch at a moderate figure, and 
then let the buyers have anything that 
they want at a good stiff price. There 
j s no use trying to sell a man a yearling 
bull when he is looking for a fresh cow. 
BUYER. 
FEEDING A SMALL DAIRY HERD. 
The feeding of a small herd of dairy 
cows, without a silo, from a limited 
amount of runout tillage land presents 
quite a problem; that is if a profit is 
made. While there is now no question 
about the value and economy of silage 
as a feed, it is nevertheless a fact that 
thousands of farmers are still without a 
silo. The best substitute we have found 
for silage is dried beet pulp, which we 
commenced feeding soon after it was put 
on the market. Previous to using the 
pulp we fed the grains commonly con¬ 
sidered best for dairy cows, viz. corn- 
meal, bran, cotton-seed meal, gluten feed, 
hominy, etc., in various combinations, de¬ 
pending on cost of each and kind of 
roughage available. But we had more or 
less trouble from garget, caked udder, 
cows off feed and they would gradually 
shrink in milk much sooner than we 
thought they should. The beet pulp did 
not perhaps cause the cows to give a 
greatly increased flow of milk, but there 
was much less variation and shrinkage, 
and the troubles above mentioned disap¬ 
peared. We have fed the pulp both wet 
and dry, and can see practically no dif¬ 
ference in results. If fed dry cows should 
have access to water at least twice daily. 
The rule we follow quite closely, but 
with some variation, for amount of grain 
per cow, is one pound of grain for each 
three pounds of milk. The maximum 
grain feed is continued until milk flow 
is very small, when we reduce to from 
four to six pounds per cow, and give that 
amount until within one week of her 
time to freshen. Each cow’s grain is 
weighed, and we are exact about this 
to the ounce. By experimenting we found 
that to commence reducing the cow’s 
grain ration as her milk flow diminished 
would cause her to shrink more rapidly, 
whereas if same amount was continued 
right along she would be encouraged to 
keep up as near as possible to her full 
flow of milk. We of course watch the 
cows closely, and if any unfavorable 
symptoms appear, immediately reduce the 
ration ; but this very rarely happens. By 
feeding in this way, as the cow’s milk 
flow diminishes, she commences to put 
on more flesh and the unborn calf also 
gets needed nourishment. 
Being heavily stocked for amount of 
tillage land owned, and with several 
acres, previous to this Summer, devoted 
to potatoes and garden truck, we have 
had to buy a large amount of roughage 
through the Winter. This has consisted 
of the cheapest fodder obtainable, regard¬ 
less of quality, except that we have 
avoided as much as possible buying any¬ 
thing mouldy or musty. With the grain 
ration fed our cows have given a good 
flow of milk and kept in fair flesh. They 
are fed roughage twice a day, and we 
aim to give them a variety; something 
different at night from morning. Having 
occasion at times to feed several days or 
a week on good quality hay, we found 
they would give a small amount more 
milk; about four quarts daily from seven 
cows. This would not begin to pay the 
difference between the cost of low and 
high-priced roughage. 
We can see larger profits ahead from 
various plans which we hope to try. 
Clover or Alfalfa hay with corn-and-cob 
meal would seem to us to furnish a fair¬ 
ly well-balanced ration, and we could 
raise it all and avoid buying; that is, 
we can raise the clover and corn, but are 
not yet sure of Alfalfa. As our herd in¬ 
creases we expect to have a silo which 
will save on both hay and grain. 
New Hampshire. • f. e. h. 
DAIRY CATTLE 
FOR PRODUCTION - ™,™,^-, 
calves, only, troin producing dams andhighest type 
sires. R. F. SHANNON, 603 Renshaw Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa. 
Fosterfields Herd Registered Jerseys sale 
Cows, yearling and two-year-old heifers, some of them 
due to calve soon. Also heifer calves, young bulls. 
Charles G. Foster, P 0. Box 173, Morristown,Morris Co .N. J. 
Hudson Valley Holstein Headquarters 
Registered and Grades. 1 hour from New York, 
M0HEGAN FARM, Mohegan Lake, Peekskill. New York 
“CHENANGO FARMS” HOLSTEINS 
Bull Calves good enough for the richest and cheap 
enough tor the poorest. Both untested and A. R. O. 
dams. We have no cow in our bams that can't make 
good, so you can’t go wrong. Following is the herd 
record for 1912: 
10 Cows Averaged 12.000 lbs. per Cow 
25 " r 10.000 
47 ** Inc. 2-yr. olds" 8.250 ** “ •• 
Calves of both sexes for sale; also mature stock. 
Prices include registry ami transfer paper*. 
BULL CALVES—S25 untested, and S35 A. R 0. dams. F. 0 B. 
HEIFER CALVES-S100 up. F, 0 B 
References: Hamilton Bank or any business man. 
S. B. JACKSON, Supt. - HAMILTON, NEW YORK 
SXXEE 
R EGISTERED SHROPSHIRE YEARLING 
RAMS & EWES— Cheap. Fred Van Vleet, Lodi, N Y. 
IMPROVE YOUR FLOCK with a good " SHROPSHIRE ” or 
1 “ SOUTHDOWN ” ram from the NIAGARA STOCK FARM. 
J. C. DUNCAN, Mgr., - Lewiston, N. Y. 
CHROPSHIRE RAMS FOR SALE —Registered yearlings 
two-year-olds and lambs from imported sires. 
E. E. STEVENS & SON, - Wilson, N. Y, 
Hampshire Sheep-^ 1 ,*^^ 0 ^^^ 
years old. Some imported: some registered. Clos¬ 
ing oat. Address, SEMLOH FARM, Greenwich. Conn. 
TUNIS RAMS-MULE-FOOT HOGS 
A few choiee Rams yet for sale. Also Bred 
Ewes and Ewe Lambs. Mule-foot Boar Pigs. 
Write for descriptive circular and prices to 
J. N. MacPHERSON, Scottsville, New York 
Eureka Stock Farm 
5 Lincoln Buck Lambs, 5 Shropshire Down 
Buck Lambs, ready for service. 50 Registered 
Chester White Pigs. Write for Circular- 
Edward Walter, West Chester, Chester Co., Penna, 
CATTliE 
BUY GUERNSEYS 
BECAUSE 
At the only impartial test where all breeds 
were represented the 
fillFRN^FY ranked highest, returning $1.67 
uuliiiioli for every dollar invested in food, 
ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION 
of the highest grade of DAIRY PRODUCTS is one of 
the important characteristics of the GUERNSEY. 
Write for free literature. 
The American Guernsey Cattle Club 
BOX Y—PETERBORO, N. H. 
UOLSTEIN CALVES— Beautifully marked. 3 to 5 weeks 
■■ old, $20 each crated. Edoewood Farm. Whitewater, Wis. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves F “of a 'V^ia! 
offer. THE GATES HOMESTEAD FARM. Chittenanoo, N. Y. 
EastRiverGradeHolsteins 
FOR SALE 
100 HEIFERS—1 and 2 years old: sired by full- 
blooded hulls: dams are high-grade Holstein*. 
75 COWS —due to calve this Fall. Large, heavy 
milkers. 
30 FRESH COWS —Come and see them milked. 
10 REGISTERED BULLS —Also grade hulls. 
„ „ Y JOHN B. WEBSTER. 
Bell Phone No. 14, F. S. Cortland, N. Y. 
150 HIGH GRADE 
HOLSTEIN COWS 
Large, fine individuals, nicely marked and 
heavy producers, due to freshen in Angus*, 
September and October. 100 two-year-old 
heifers, sired by registered Holstein bulls 
and from grade cows with large milk records. 
F. P. SAUNDERS & SON, Cortland, N. Y. 
Purebred Registered 
HOLSTEIN 
CATTLE 
Last year a California Holstein made a 
yearly reeord of 784.13 pounds of fat from 
25,981.8 pounds of milk. 
After an interval of two months she began 
another yearly test which has just come to a 
close with a record of 888.1 pounds of butter 
fat from 28,828.4 pounds of milk. 
These two successive yearly tests during 
which 54,800 pounds of milk were made are 
moie evidence that great records are not 
spasmodic records, but represent capacity 
permanently developed. 
Send/or FREE Illustrated Descriptive Booklets 
Holstein-Friesian Asso., F.' L. Houghton, Sec’y 
Box 105 Brattleboro, V*. 
HAVE YOU 
BEEN WAITING FOR THIS? 
HERE IT IS 
A Consignment Sale 
by some of the Best Breeders 
in the East 
Syracuse, N. Y., Dec. 2-3, 1913 
180-Head Reg. Holsteins-180 
Highest breeding—Greatest individuality— 
Tuberculin tested-Personally inspected, 
For further information and catalog, address 
LIVERPOOL SALE AND PEDIGREE COMPANY 
LIVERPOOL, NEW YORK 
When you write advertisers mention The 
Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get a quick 
reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee 
editorial page. 
Pure Feeding Molasses 
We are first hands and can quote you absolutely 
bottom prices, delivered your station, in lots of 
anywhere from one barrel to a trainload. 
THE MEADER-ATLAS CO. 
N. Y. Office, 107 Hudson Street, New York City 
Doga and Ferrets 
THE TOMPKINS CO. BREEDERS’ JOURNAL, with sale-list 
1 of pure-bred stock, 25cts- per year. Copy free. 
We have some very good offers in Holstein and Jer¬ 
sey cattle, German Coach Horses, Shetland Ponies, 
Southdown ewes and Cheshire gilts. A two-year 
Berkshire boar, registered, $25.00. TOMPKINS CO. 
BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION, Box B, Trumansburg, N. Y, 
If You Want Guernseys ■a , 0 o r t “'.l ,. 0 S'Sk 
GUERNSEY BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION, Box 96. Pe ekskill.N. Y. 
r 1 eg R i°s U ? e red Guernsey Bull Calves 
Tuberculin tested, bred for dairy qualities. 
For price and particulars, address, owner. 
W. I. Lincoln Adams, 135 W. Fourteenth St, »w York City, N. Y. 
Pni I IF PIIDC—Natural drivers. Also English 
0ULL.Il rUro Bloodhounds, Nelson’s, Grove City,Pa 
FFRRFK fnr Qnlo-Cataloguefree. C. D. MURRAY, 
rennmo IUI OdltJ r. 0 . No. 2. New London. Ohio 
Fprrotc fnr^alo-Either color or sex, any size, sin- 
I Cl I CIO IUI OOIG gles, mated pairs and dozen lots 
Catalogue free. C. H, KEEFER & CO., Greenwich, Ohio 
FF/?/?FTS~ BY THE THOUSANDS—First extensive 
* * ‘■r breeder and shipper; over twenty 
years’ experience. Book and price list free 
LEVI FARNSWORTH, New London, Ohio 
FERRETS —Warranted Good Rat & Rabbit Hunters 
Prices as low as first-class stock can be sold. Write 
for new price-list. 
Shady Lawn Ferret Farm, New London, O. 
A SPECIALTY 
HUNTERS. Write at once for prices. 
C. M. SACKETT, • Ashland, Ohio 
FERRETS 
SWINE 
1 
nilR(If! Allfi PIRQ-$15 per pair. 7 to .el- 
uunuo AUU, llOu g. a. WEEKS, Dr a.?, O. 
CHEI.DON FARM REGISTERED 1 V K<>CS 
^ Pigs of both sex. Bred Sows. Servi^ 3oa’s 
Best of breeding. C. E. BARNES, Oxford, n* Tori 
TAMWORTH S"£ “ .sEli 
vice for sale at reasonable prices. All well bred and 
none but good individuals offered for sale. 
WESTVIEW STOCK FARM 
D. J. LYBROOK, Mgr. • R. 1. Winston-Salem. R. C 
] orc ou Large, growthy pigs, 10 weeks 
jersey I\eus 0 J ( ^ 1 $6 eac h. Older stock at cor¬ 
responding low prices. E. L. ALBERTSON, Hope, N. J. 
You get finest Jersey Red 
Pigs at cost of common stock by 
[ our New Sales Offer. 
.New Illustrated Catalog FREE. 
Springbank Berkshire Herd 
BIG BERKSHIRES I have bred more high- 
class hogs that: any breeder in Connecticut. Wat¬ 
son's Masterpiece No. 123931 at head of herd. Noth¬ 
ing for sale bnt March and April pigs at present. 
J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Ct. 
Large Berkshires at Highwood 
Sired by the largest boars of the breed (eieht 
mature boars in herd) out of mammoth, prolific 
dams (ninety-five brood sows in herd.) Seventy 
selected sows and fifty high-class service boars 
(some of them show animals) for sale at reason¬ 
able prices. Visitors always welcome. 
H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N, Y. 
If you want the best hog 
Write us. Our farms are devoted exclusively to the 
production of Berkshires. Breeders in the following 
States have been supplied from our great herd: N.Y.; 
I’enna,; Dist. Col.: Md.; Ya.; X. C.; S. C.; Ga.; La. ; 
Ala.; Miss.; Fla.; Tenn.; Ky.; Texas, and Porto Rico. 
Berkshires for foundation and 
show purposes a specialty. 
THE BLUE RIDGE BERKSHIRE FARMS, AsheviUe, N. C. 
Young Chester White Boars v ^e“ d by f Sen^- 
tional 22655. Grade Jersey Bull Calf, dropped Oct. 
15. Best of breeding. OLIVEDAL E FARM, Hillsdale, N. Y. 
O. X. C. WHltes 
Registered stock of superior quality. All pigs will 
be registered in purchaser's name free. Sows and 
Boars for Spring breeding. Also hardy White Hol¬ 
land Turkeys. WAYSIDE FARM, Chatham. N. J. Address. 
A. L. PAGE, (owner), 62 Cortlandt St., New York City 
0.1. C’s ^d Chester Whites 
Registered, bred from finest stock: pigs, either 
sex, 8 weeks, $10.00 each: 12 weeks, $15.00 each. 
More than one (no reduction). No old stock for 
sale. Chesters are the farmers’ hog; excellent 
breeders, mothers and meat producers. De¬ 
mand for them is increasing daily. We are 
Members of The O. I. C. Swine Breeders’ Assn, 
and The Chester White Record Assn. 
VICTOR FARMS, BELLVALE, N Y. 
Horses and Mulct 
SHETLAND PONIES 
An unceasing senreo of pUajure and robust health to children. 
Safe and ideal playmatea. Inexpensive to keap. Hlgheat type 
Coinplate outtlts. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated Catn- 
logue. BBLLR MEADB FARM, BOX SO, MARKHAM, Vi. 
FOR <54/ F~ 1 Percheron colt, 6 choice cows. 35 
. VMV- C , Leeh0ni h6!1Sl °"® bSV 0f ,iaV 
LEON SAGE, - Crown Point, New York 
Percheron Stud Colt 
5 months old. A fine individual. Will make a 
$1,000 stallion at 2 years. My price, $175. 
E, L. NEWBERRY, • Chardon, Ohio 
50 STALLIONS 
and MARES, $250 to $1000 each 
Write for my Illustrated 
Circular telling why I can save 
you money on the purchase of a Per¬ 
cheron or Belgian Stallion or Mare. 
A.W. Green, Middlefield, O. 
R. R. Sta., E. Orwell, on Penna. Ry 
Midway between Ashtabula &Warren 
Kentucky Jack & Percheron Farms x®iftu b ckv e 
Mammoth jacks, Percheron stallions, mares ami 
saddlers. Special prices in ear load lots. Catalogs 
ready November 15th. COOK & BROWN. Lexingtaa Ky 
