1J2CS4 
November 22, 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Under tins heading we endeavor to give ad¬ 
vice and suggestions about feeding mixtures of 
grains and fodders. No definite rules are given, 
but the advice is based upon experience and 
average analyses of foods. By “protein” is 
meant the elements in the food which go to 
make muscle or lean meat. “Carbohydrates” 
comprise the starch, sugar, etc., which make 
fat and provide fuel for the body, while “fat” 
is the pure oil found in foods. “Dry matter” 
means the weight of actual food left in fodder 
or grain when all the water is driven off. A 
“narrow ration” means one in which the pro¬ 
portion of protein to carbohydrates is close—a 
“wide” ration means one which shows a larger 
proportion of carbohydrates. 
Rations for Horses and Cows. 
I would like you to give me a bal¬ 
anced ration for 1,400-pound horse, Jer¬ 
sey cow and heifer. We have 350 bushels 
of corn and stalks and some Timothy 
and wild hay; no brewers’ grain on our 
market. The cow gives about eight 
quarts of milk. Our five-months-old 
heifer has so far got half of her mother’s 
milk and is doing very well. G. S. 
Chicago, Ill. 
A well-balanced ration for a 1,400- 
pound horse would depend upon what the 
horse was doing. In a general way it 
may be stated that such a horse should 
have about 30 pounds of food per day, 
approximately one-third of which should 
be grain. At hard work, the horse should 
have more grain and less hay, and at 
light work, more hay and less grain. If 
you wish to feed your horse as far as 
possible from stuff on hand, I would sug¬ 
gest having some of the corn ground and 
mixing it with an equal weight of gi'ound 
oats; this will make a good grain ration 
to be fed in quantity proportionate to 
the amount of work the horse is doing. 
Properly cured cornstalks, stored under 
shelter, are about equal in value to 
Timothy hay, and may be used with or 
in place of it for the horse’s roughage 
unless the horse is at hard work, when 
he should not be required to spend the 
time and energy necessary to masticate 
and digest such coarse fodder. 
A considerable variety of grains may. 
be used with your corn, ground into 
meal, to make a balanced ration for the 
cow and heifer. A good one would be 
equal parts by weight of cornmeal, wheat 
bran, and cotton-seed meal, one pound 
of the mixture being given for every three 
to four pounds of milk the cow is giving. 
The cornmeal and cotton-seed meal should 
mot be given near calving time. Dis¬ 
tiller’s dried grains, gluten feed, malt 
sprouts, or buckwheat middlings may be 
substituted for the cotton-seed meal, and 
mixed wheat feed or wheat middlings for 
the wheat bran. The heifer may be fed 
from the same grain mixture, giving her 
a much smaller quantity and one pro¬ 
portionate to her age, development, and 
the amount of other food she is getting. 
With skim-milk, she will need less again, 
and the mixture recommended for the 
horse will be still better for the heifer. 
M. B. D. 
Dairy Ration. 
I would like to have a ration for a cow 
that gives about seven or eight pounds 
butter a week. I can get bran, have 
corn-meal, oil meal, cotton-seed meal, glu¬ 
ten and Ajax flakes, Alfalfa hay and corn 
fodder. Would you give a formula from 
these materials? D. J. B. 
Lexington, Pa. 
For a grain ration I would suggest 
three pounds cotton-seed meal and one 
pound each of Ajax flakes, oil meal and 
cornmeal daily. For roughage of course 
the Alfalfa hay is more valuable than 
the corn fodder, as regards milk produc¬ 
tion, but as I understand it, you have the 
corn fodder, and of course should feed it 
along with the Alfalfa. The corn fodder 
will be more palatable during the first 
part of the Winter, and the cow will eat 
it better if fed out before Spring. The 
relative amounts of Alfalfa and corn fod¬ 
der to be fed will of course depend on 
your supply of each. Give all the cow 
will eat reasonably clean, three times 
daily. Feed grain twice daily. 
C. L. M. 
Grain with Alfalfa. 
What grain feed would you suggest to 
keep cows in fair milking condition with 
silage composed of half and half Soy 
beans and corn in lower part of silo, and 
cow peas instead of Soy beans in upper 
portion, corn fairly fell eared, peas and 
beans podded but not filled, with Alfalfa 
hay for roughage. C. n. 
Petersburg, Va. 
For an average producing cow no grain 
is necessary if the Alfalfa is of good 
quality. A cow weighing 1,000 pounds 
and producing 20 pounds of four per cent 
milk needs about one and one-half of 
digestible protein. Forty pounds of your 
s'lage and 12 pounds of Alfalfa will yield 
about one and a half pounds protein. I 
would suggest that you feed corn and cob 
meal to cows producing more than 20 
pounds of milk daily at the rate of one 
'THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
pound of grain to 3% pounds milk; to 
those producing less than 20 pounds daily, 
feed your silage and Alfalfa mixture. 
Maryland. g. e. w. 
Bean Pods for Feeding Sheep. 
What do sheep feeders think of bean 
pods as a sheep food? s. B. 
My experience with feeding bean pods 
has been with feeding them to Winter 
lambs, which we fatten. We do not feed 
more than half of the coarse fodder as 
bean pods, the other fodder being hay. 
We think where we are feeding a heavy 
grain ration all bean pods would be too 
laxative. In feeding store sheep some 
feeders use bean pods for nearly the whole 
fodder ration with good results. The ave¬ 
rage price paid for bean pods here is 
about $5 per ton or load, generally about 
one-half the price of hay. 
Genesee Co., N. Y. gilbert a. prole. 
Making Beef by Law. 
I wish more power to your arm in your 
campaign for the rights of farmers; for 
the rights of farmers against chicken 
thieves; against game birds, wards of the 
State, for whose action the State alone 
must be responsible; for the rights of 
farmers in every fight which you are tak¬ 
ing up. I wish to call your especial at¬ 
tention to the speeches made at the meat 
packers’ convention, in Chicago last Mon¬ 
day, where it was suggested that every 
small farmer should raise at least two 
beef steers a year, to offset the decreased 
production of the West. I understand 
that legislation is already being agitated 
making it unlawful for farmers or others 
to kill or ship any female calf or cow 
under seven years of age, or any male 
calf under two years of age. In fact it is 
said that Representative Addison has in¬ 
troduced at Washington, such a bill with 
the idea in view of compelling farmers 
to raise more beef. If there was any 
money in raising beef no one would have 
to compel farmers to raise it. But where 
beef buyers will not pay enough to cover 
the cost of production, there is no object 
in raising beef cattle to sell. To force 
farmers to raise, up to the age of five 
years, all such calves born would either 
take away the farmers’ liberty or defeat 
the ends for which such legislation was 
drafted. I predict that such a measure 
drafted into the form of a law would 
cause immediate slaughter of one-half of 
the cows in the country. If every small 
farmer must necessarily raise all of the 
calves which came to his herd for the 
next five years, the older sections of the 
country would not bear the herds which 
they would contain. The hillsides of New 
England are already dotted with deserted 
farms, deserted because the younger gen¬ 
eration has deemed it probable that they 
could make more money with less toil in 
the cities. Such a measure becoming 
law would bankrupt three-fourths of the 
remaining farms inside of seven years. 
In the first place such a law is uncon¬ 
stitutional. In the second place such a 
law is unnecessary. If farmers could se¬ 
cure anywhere near a just proportion of 
the price the consumer pays for beef to¬ 
day, the country need not worry about 
the supply of beef. Just make it profit¬ 
able for the farmer to raise beef and there 
will be beef enough raised without any 
legislation. R. w. dorr. 
Maine. 
R. N.-Y.—The way to stop such legis¬ 
lation is to amend such a law so that? 
every railroad should double its cars, lay 
double tracks and every manufacturer 
double his production of boots or stoves 
or coats or chairs or watches, and every 
landlord build an extra house. One is 
as fair as the other! 
Vermont Pasture Grasses. 
There are many calls for grasses to 
seed New England pastures, such as are 
more or less shaded with second-growth 
timber. These pastures have numerous 
springs making certain parts very moist 
while others, are more or less dry. Under 
these conditions, we advise a mixture of 
grasses something as follows: Orchard 
grass, which will endure shade and a 
certain amount of drought, and which 
makes a good early feed; meadow fox¬ 
tail, which thrives well in damp, rich 
soil, giving good feed from early May 
and coming into bloom about July; June 
grass, which forms the chief grass of our 
mountain pastures and does especially 
well in moist soils; Red-top, which grows 
in moister and cooler soils than June 
grass and has shown great ability to 
adapt itself to various habitats; Meadow 
fescue would also be an excellent grass 
to add for a permanent pasture, but it 
takes two or three years before it is 
well developed. To these might be added 
with profit, in case there is heavy soil 
in the pasture, Canada blue-grass. 
Vermont. geo. p. burns. 
Training a Young Pony. 
I have a Shetland pony colt which I 
want to train to do tricks. Would you 
tell me the best way to train him? Ought 
I to keep him in a field to himself, or let 
him stay with the other ponies? Ought I 
to begin on a very young colt, or one 
about four years old? w. s. D. w. 
Charlottesville, Va. 
Begin training and gentling when a 
pony foal is a few days old, and gentle 
him daily in a box stall. Do not let the 
pony run with other ponies, but he should 
have a companion of some sort, if it is 
only a runt calf. Reward every obedient 
act with sugar or some other relished 
good thing to eat. One gains affection 
and confidence by way of the stomach 
rather than the brain of an animal. 
A. s. A. 
Breeding Army Remounts. 
The Bureau of Animal Industry has 
received reports from its officers in 
charge of the breeding of army remounts 
in co-operation with the War Depart¬ 
ment which show that the Government’s 
plan is very popular with the owners of 
mares. At the close of business on Au¬ 
gust 16, 1913, 41 stallions were in serv¬ 
ice. These stallions have covered 1,452 
mares during the season, an average of 
slightly over 35 mares per stallion. Twen¬ 
ty-seven of the stallions were five years 
old or over, and covered 1,097 mares, an 
average of a little over 40; 10 were four- 
year-olds and covered 292 mares, an 
average of better than 29 per head; four 
were three-year-olds and covered 63 
mares, an average of more than 15. The 
number of mares bred in 1913 will be 
increased somewhat. In New England, 
breeding continues until October 1, and 
in Virginia the Fall season is commonly 
used. Both conditions will operate to 
the advantage of the remount breeding 
work. The Department is not able to 
draw any deductions as to the advantage 
of one breed above another. Local pref¬ 
erences were considered in placing stal¬ 
lions and no breeds placed in a commu¬ 
nity which were not wanted. Regardless 
of breed or locality, however, the desire 
of farmers to breed their horses to good- 
sized stallions is noticeable. In almost 
every case where stallions have had a 
comparatively poor season, it is because 
they were somewhat undersized. Con¬ 
gress has provided for the continuation 
of the remount breeding work during the 
current fiscal year, but no considerable 
extension will be possible and no new 
breeding districts will be organized at 
present. 
SILO NOTES. 
What is silage consisting of corn fod¬ 
der, worth per ton in silo? 
The value is comparative—usually 
about 30 to 35 per cent of what they will 
sell for. If hay is worth .$18 in the mow 
good silage would be rated at about $6 
per ton. This proportion will vary some¬ 
what, but this is a fair average. 
Concrete Silos. —The Department of 
Agriculture at Washington has been in¬ 
vestigating concrete silos. It finds that 
in some of these silos the product dries 
out too much near the walls and makes 
a loss. In some cases there is also trou¬ 
ble with the silage juice working into 
the concrete, especially where broken 
limestone is used as a filler. To over¬ 
come this trouble the Department advises 
painting the inside of the concrete silo 
with a coat of raw coal tar, thinned out 
with gasoline. This coating makes the 
silo airtight, and also protects the con¬ 
crete from silage juice. The same coat¬ 
ing is recommended for wooden silos. 
Silage For YYiung Stock.—A corres¬ 
pondent desires to know whether he can 
winter young stock on silage alone, with¬ 
out other roughage or grain. It would 
not be desirable to do so. In the first 
place, silage alone would not be a bal¬ 
anced ration, and moreover, there would 
be considerable danger of causing digest¬ 
ive troubles, or other ill health. It will 
be much better to feed a little grain, say 
three or four quarts of bran and ground 
oats, or bran and cornmeal, equal parts 
by weight, daily. A little dry roughage, 
too, would be preferable, even if only a 
little straw once a day. Give what silage 
they will clean up twice a day, the grain 
scattered over the top of the silage, and 
if possible a little hay or straw, but do 
not omit the grain. I know it is expen¬ 
sive this year, but the extra growth the 
stock will make, and their better condi¬ 
tion in the Spring will pay for the out¬ 
lay. C. L. M. 
Pennsylvania Silos. —Several new 
silos have been built the past season. The 
favorite is the round silo, concrete pit, 
wood above ground; a few built of stone 
and concrete. The first silo in this sec¬ 
tion my father built. It was on one of 
the mows in barn, built square with cor¬ 
ners cut off, but silage always spoiled 
more or less in the corners. However, 
we used it about 15 years. Needing more 
room in barn my brother and I tore it 
out and built a round one outside the 
barn; this one is 28 feet deep, eight feet 
concrete pit, 20 feet stave; have not lost 
a pound of silage so far. We always feel 
as if the season is a failure if we do not 
have corn enough to fill the silo. The 
farmers around us used to think we were 
foolish to put such nice corn in the silo, 
but as more are building each year I 
think they have changed their opinions. 
After using them a few years some claim 
they could not feed cattle without silage. 
Most of us will have plenty for our silos 
this year. c. F. J. 
Wapwallopen, Pa. 
Gladys : “Oh, Bert, I wonder if there 
are any stalactites in this cave?” Bert: 
“Well, if there are, haven’t I got this 
stick to defend you with?”—Punch. 
“Seems delightful to see a woman’s 
face once more.” “Have you been in the 
wilds?” “No; but the girls have been 
wearing such large hats.”—Pittsburg 
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