1128Q 
November 12!), 
Milk 
PRODUCING CLEAN MILK. 
When city boards of health undertook, 
n few years ago. to instruct dairymen 
i.i the production of pure, wholesome, 
milk they found themselves in the pre¬ 
dicament of not knowing just what con¬ 
ditions upon the farm were essential to 
that end. No careful study of the factors 
(ntering into dairy sanitation had been 
made and they undertook to make ar¬ 
bitrary rules based only upon a general 
knowledge of sanitation. The result was 
a set of regulations, some wise, and some 
foolish, which in many cases were en¬ 
forced by “inspectors” sent out from the 
cities to display to farmers their utter 
ignorance of the ordinary operations of 
u dairy farm. 
About five years ago the Geneva (N. 
Y.) Experiment Station began a system¬ 
atic study of the effect of various barn 
conditions upon the germ content of milk, 
the number of germs found in the milk 
1 eing considered an index to the care 
which is taken in handling it. Bulletin 
No. 3G5, recently issued from that sta¬ 
tion. gives the result of that study. It 
1ms been found that some conditions con¬ 
sidered very important if milk was to be 
kept reasonably free from contamination 
had very little influence in the matter, 
and that others, strongly recommended, 
were absolutely deleterious. It had been 
assumed that the collection of dust upon 
stable ceiling, walls, ledges, etc., in any 
great quantity, made it difficult or im- 
i ossible to keep milk drawn in the stable 
free from contamination by it, but care¬ 
ful observation extending over many 
i lonths at the Geneva station, with sta- 
1 les both clean and dirty, showed the 
fallacy of that assumption. In the words 
. f the author of the bulletin, “The gist 
of the whole matter is that the influence 
of barn conditions upon the germ content 
of the milk was so slight that it was not 
measurable.” 
Again, whitewashing the stable has 
been made obligatory with the idea that 
it contributed materially to wholesome 
conditions in the stable. The result of 
many tests made before and after white¬ 
washing the stables at the station showed 
that the germ content of the milk was 
slightly higher after whitewashing the 
stable than before. The difference was 
very slight, however, and the conclusion 
reached was that the practice of white¬ 
washing had no material influence upon 
the quality of the milk. Careful dairy¬ 
men clip the cow's udder, flank, and tail, 
with the idea that this practice tends to 
keep dirt from falling into the pail while 
milking. Experiments with clipped and 
undipped cows brought out the sur¬ 
prising fact that milk from clipped cows 
contained more germs than that from 
those unclipped, and it seemed evident 
that the long hair of the udder and flanks 
retained dirt which without it would 
have fallen from the cow’s skin into the 
pail. 
A comparison of cleaning cows by 
hand and the use of a vacuum cleaner 
operating upon the same principle as 
fhose in domestic use gave results slightly 
in favor of the hand cleaning, and the 
conclusion was reached that in their pres¬ 
ent stage of development vacuum clean¬ 
ers are not economical. 
The work of the Geneva Station in this 
investigation was of a negative char¬ 
acter in that while it apparently dis¬ 
proved some of the commonly accepted 
ideas as to the value of certain preeau- 
I'ons it did not reveal those factors which 
are responsible for the high germ content 
( f much milk, and it was recognized that 
the production of clean milk will be a 
simpler and less expensive matter when 
the factors which govern its production 
are fully understood. M. b. d. 
Dairy Company Fined. 
November 17, the McDermott Dairy 
Co. wa» convicted on two counts of milk 
adulteration and fined $500 for each of¬ 
fense by Justices Salmon, Collins, and 
Porker, in Special Sessions. One of tin? 
cases had been pending since Nov. 4, 
1912, on which date Health Department 
Inspector Brieling took samples at the 
McDermott plant, 136 Brook avenue, 
New York, which the city laboratory 
found had been adulterated with water. 
The other case was begun March 3, 1913, 
when the inspector took more samples at 
the same address. The city laboratory 
found them to be deficient in fat and 
total solids, the former to the extent of 
24 per cent., the latter to the extent 
of 15 per cent, indicating adulteration 
through the addition of water. In im¬ 
posing the fine Justice Collins made the 
following statement: 
“The corporation counsel’s office, 
through prosecuting Attorney William 
II. Iveboe, has shown that the defendant 
has been before the court a number of 
times. The defendant by this time 
should have learned the wisdom of re¬ 
form. This court is utterly dissatisfied 
with the present penal law under which 
such offenders as you are tried and coll¬ 
ected. The inequality of this law as 
meted out to corporations and individuals 
is a monstrous absurdity which must be 
corrected. The poor little individual vic¬ 
tim comes before this court charged with 
offenses not nearly so grave, and the law 
provides against him the same system 
of fining and also provides a prison sch- 
tence of one year. The big corporation 
that should know better and that has 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
greater means of self-protection and de¬ 
fense stands immune before the court as 
regards the prison sentence. 
“All this court can do is-to impose the 
maximum fine which the law allows and 
it regrets in this sentence that it can¬ 
not send the defendant, a corporation, to 
jail, as it has the power to punish the 
individual under similar circumstances. 
The unfairness, unevenness and injustice 
of this method of punishing offenders 
against the public health has grown to a 
degree that is monstrous. It will not go 
well with food adulterators when the 
penal law is changed as it should be 
changed.” 
Manure Pit in Dairy Barn. 
How important is it for the production 
of clean and sanitary milk to keep man¬ 
ure 50 feet from cows? I have two oxen 
and four cows of fine quality, ordinary 
frame barn, and cow stalls which I keep 
whitewashed and take good care of uten¬ 
sils. I drop manure to pit immediately 
below. This Fall I intend to fix up barn 
cellar and proposed to cement my manure 
pit and make it water-tight. A friend oi 
mine tells me I should move the pit 50 
feet off and arrange for a carrier. This 
would be expensive and inconvenient. 
My milk seems all right, but have never 
had it tested for bacteria. Is it essential 
or merely advisable not to have manure 
right below cows? Also how important 
is it not to keep horses with cows? I 
keep four horses a few feet from my 
cows. 6- C. 
New Hampshire. 
The essential thing is to keep the man¬ 
ure out of the milk, and it is undoubtedly 
advisable to remove it 50 feet or more 
from the stables. There will be more 
or less fermentation in any pile of man¬ 
ure, no matter how it is stored, and this 
fermentation liberates ammouiaeal fumes 
which would permeate a stable above 
such a pile. This would contribute nei¬ 
ther to the health of the cows nor to the 
wholesomeness of the milk drawn in such 
a stable. With a tight manure pit, a 
tight stable floor, and ample ventilation 
of stable and stable cellar, I do not be¬ 
lieve that such arrangement could prop¬ 
erly be called unsanitary, but in the con¬ 
dition in which it would ordinarily be ; 
kept, it would be far from ideal. I know 
of no reason why horses should not be 
kept in the same stable with cows, though 
it is forbidden by some city boards of 
health. They should not be groomed im¬ 
mediately before milking, neither should 
the cows; in fact, foddering the cows or 
any other work which would tend to fill 
the air of the stable with dust should be 
avoided at this time. If there is any rea¬ 
lms why horses and cows should not be 
kept in the same stable, provided that 
both are properly cared for, I d© not 
know what it is. The comparatively dry 
horse manure makes a good absorbent in 
the gutter behind the cows, and it is a 
positive advantage to have it mixed with 
cow manure in the storage pile. A sani¬ 
tary cow stable is more the result of in¬ 
telligence and care upon the part of the 
dairyman than it is of any particular 
style of stabling or method of caring for 
the milk. M. b. d. 
Some Remarkable Indiana Sows. 
On page 1140 I found the following: 
“A True Pig Story. —I have a Chester 
White sow that farrowed II pigs bn 
January 29. These pigs were sold be¬ 
fore they were six weeks old for $4 each. 
On July 22 last the sow had another 
litter of 12 pigs, eight of which have been 
sold for $4 each. The sow still has four 
nice six-weeks’ pigs with her. All this 
during the first eight months of this 
year. Let’s hear of some Rural reader 
who has done better. H. J. I.” 
Connecticut. 
I can beat this, as the following figures 
will show : In 1911 I had a sow that was 
th ree-quarters Duroc and one-quarter 
Poland China. April 8, 1911. she far¬ 
rowed 11 pigs and saved 10. September 
25, 1911, she farrowed 10 pigs, and on 
September 29, 1911, I sold the 10 April 
pigs for $23.30 per head, making $233 
for the litter. February 16, 1912, I sold 
the September pigs for $11.50 per head, 
making $115.00 for the litter, and on 
March 16, 1912, she farrowed and saved 
10 more nice pigs. In less than 12 
months, from one sow. I sold $348 worth 
of pigs, and she had 10 left by her side. 
I have at the present time a brood sow, 
out of this old sow. April 3, 1913, she 
farrowed 11 pigs and saved 10. July 
20, 1913, I sold five of these pigs for $8 
per head, making $40, and could have 
let the other five go with them at the 
same money, making the litter x orth 
$80 in three months and 17 days. But 
the five that I have now will weigh 1,000 
pounds at this time, so if they were sold 
at eight cents per pound they would 
•bring me $80, which added to the $40 
would make $120 in six months. That 
is not all; the sow now has 11 nice two- 
weeks-old pigs by her side. H. J. I. had 
$76 and four six-weeks-old pigs loft at 
the end of eight months. I have $40 
worth sold, five head weighing 1,000 
pounds worth $S0, total $120, and 11 
pigs two weeks old, at the end of six 
months and 17 days. j. L. F. 
Indiana. 
Woman : “Have you any farmers’ 
eggs?” Grocer: “No, lady but we have 
poet’s eggs, retired clergymen’s eggs and 
millionaires’ sons’ eggs—everybody’s rais¬ 
ing chickens nowadays !”—Life. 
has convinced the leading dairymen of its unique properties as a feed. 
It is being fed by such well known expert feeders as 
Pinecrest Farm, (Guernsey) Holliston, Mass. 
Arthur H. Sagendorph, (Ayrshire) Spencer, M ass. 
Upland Farm, (Guernsey) Ipswich, Mass. 
Maplelawn Farm, (Holstein) No. Reading, Mass. 
J. Saladine, (Ayrshire) Orford, N. H. 
AS A PART RATION FOR HORSES 
Nothing takes the place of Molassine Meal. It is today 
fed and endorsed by such large horse owners as 
H. P. Hood & Sons, Boston, Mass. 
Knickerbocker Stables, New York City. 
Elm Farm Milk Co., Boston, Mass. 
Tait Coal Company, Springfield, Mass. 
Street Department, Haverhill, Mass. 
All of these people have tested and proved the unique qualities of Molassine 
Meal. They recognize the antiseptic, digestive qualities which make this 
A PERFECT FOOD FOR HORSES, COWS, PIGS AND SHEEP. 
Write us for copy of our new Expert Feeders Handbook 
MOLASSINE COMPANY 326 Board Trade> BOSTON 
Or AAIEKICA 
St. John—Montreal—Toronto—Winnipeg. 
NELSON SUBMERGED 
TANK HEATER 
Note Construction: 
No heat going to 
waste. All passing 
under the water. Indispensable to all farmers. 
Fays for itself in two months with two cows. 
Burns straw, corn cobs, all rubbish, coal and 
wood. Ashes removed in a few seconds without 
disturbing the Heater. Heats water with one- 
half less fuel than any other heater. Let. us 
send you a Heater on two weeks free trial, just 
as we have to thousands of others. This heater 
is now in use in thirty States and Canada If 
not sold by your dealer, do not neglect sending 
for catalogue and price, now while it is fresh in 
your mind. A postal will bring our catalogue 
and testimonials from States free of charge. 
NELSON MFC. CO., 14 Wall St., Deerfield, Wis. 
WSays-MyCalfe 
Crazy’bout SUGAROTA 
arota is a predi- 
gested, wholesome 
food. Calves eat 
greedily and thrive on it. 
yet it costs considerably less than 
whole milk. If you want biggest profits- 
Don’t Kill 
the Calf— 
Feed It 
Write us if your dealer can’t supply you 
North-West Mills Co. 505 W. Third St. Winona, Mlon 
QUALITY GUARANTEED— 
BEST OPEN HEARTH PRODUCT 
Wrfto today for free wimple and mill 
priceB--8ond Bizu of buildin^B and wo will 
furnish free complete cstimuto of cost-- 
then mako comparisons and see the big savings. 
ROOFING 
When you buy from ua, you buy from the manufacturer. 
All galvanized Hoofing and Siding hove extra heavy tight 
GALVANIZED 
OR PAINTED 
coaling of galvanize. 
Establisiikd 1877 
THE SYKES METAL LATH & ROOFING CO. 
516 WALNUT ST., NILES, 0. 
Cows Love Unicorn 
Ready mixed dairy ration 
It cuts down the 
amount of grain used, 
lowers the cost.increases 
the flow of milk and 
pleases the cows. 
Unicorn isn’t a single 
food, ft is many in one — 
so FEED IT STRAIGHT 
and stop your worrying and 
expense. 
Proof of t.ho strength and 
efficiency of Unicorn furn¬ 
ished in abundance on 
application. Write today. 
CHAPIN & CO. 
Box R, Hammond, Ind 
Saved 23 % on Feed Bills 
and produced healthier, stronger, sleeker and fatter stock. 
That’s the actual record of one man who fed 
DeSoto’s Brand Molasses 
Molasses is high in carbohydrates but low in cost. Animajs 
like it—thrive on it. Hortes have more “work-energy"; 
cows produce more milk. Feed molasses to your stock 
for a month and note results. 
Write for free booklet, “ Feeding Molasses." Tells bow 
to properly mix rations for different stock. 
John S. Sills & Sons, 612 W. 37th St., NewYork City 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties 
its kettle in one minute. The simplest 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food forstook. Also make Dairy and 
Laundry Stoves, Water ami 
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog 
Scalders, Ciildrons.etc.iB'"Send 
for particulars and ask for circular J 
D. K. Sperry & to., Batavia, IL1, 
Mu 
it \ 
healtf 
profit! 
Big Stock Profits 
Multiply the value of your stock feed by mixing 
it with cut roots. Use less feed — keep stock 
healthy—help them show more 
profits—with the 
Banner Root Cutter 
Seven sixes—hand or power. Self 
feeding—works easy—no choking— 
makes half round chips — separates 
from feed. Thousands in use. Mail 
for illustrated catalog. Address 
O. E. THOMPSON & SONS 
Ypsilant), Mich. 
thorough 
quick work. Strongly built 
easy running. Swoop and power 
mills In many sizes and styles. 
Illustrated Booklet about feeding 
and grinding Free.Write toduy. 
The Star Manufacturing Company 
13 Depot St., 
New Lexington, Ohio 
SAW 10 LOGS 
WITH AN 
AMERICAN 
SAW MILL 
Ten 16 foot logs averaging 14 inches thick 
make 1000 feet of lumber worth $25 to $40 
in your local market. Costs you only #4 to )j(6 to 
saw looo feet with an "American” Portable Saw 
Mill. Think of the profits 1 Why. that timber on 
your wood-lot is just like wheat. Reap it witli an 
axe. Harvest it with an inexpensive, light run¬ 
ning "American” Portable Saw Mill you can op¬ 
erate yourself. No experience needed. An 8 II.P. 
gas engine and an "American” mill saws up to 
AND GET 
LUMBER 
WORTH 
$25to$40 
2500 feet per day. Get an “American” be¬ 
cause it saws more and better lumber with 
less help and power than any other. Make big 
money every winter when the farm doesn’t need 
you. Hundredsof farmers aredoing a paying lum¬ 
bering business with "American” mills. You can 
do the same, lor there are wood-lots around you if 
you have none yourself. Read enthusiastic letters 
from farmers In our tree Book No. 26 that tells 
all about farm lumbering. 
Write our nearest office today for free Book No 26 
.4.111) It HA V HAW .11 1 1,1, MACIII.VIIItV CO. 120 Hope Street. Ilnekettstoivn, W. J. 
Chicago Savannah New Orleans Seattle 13M3 Terminal Iliilliltng. Slew lforU 
