1 3tj-4 
THE 
>1E W -VOKKEK 
December 20, 
Out of its own treasury and funds which 
it collected, it paid children for destroy¬ 
ing tent-caterpillars and nests of Brown- 
tail moths. More than 57,000 nests are 
said to have been thus destroyed in one 
neighborhood. 
A bit of woman’s work, instigated by 
organized effort, is being carried on in 
Michigan under the auspices of the State 
Grange women’s committee. A represent¬ 
ative of this committee, who lives at the 
seat of the large State hospitals, makes 
it a pleasant duty to visit the various 
wards of these hospitals and call upon 
patients from rural districts. Many a 
pathetic and appreciative case does she 
befriend of a mother far from home, with 
no known friend to call upon her; and, 
besides, there are others for whom she 
can do little errands or to whom a bit 
of jelly or fruit is welcome. These kind¬ 
nesses are tendered with a card which 
shows that the caller comes in the name 
of the organized farm womanhood of 
her State. It is a quiet, modest testi¬ 
mony of the value and power of coopera¬ 
tive friendliness. . jexnie buell. 
Heating an Upstairs Room. 
On page 1253 an inquirer wants to 
know how to heat an upstairs room with 
a stove on the first floor. I have found 
that by using an Elm heater made by 
a Philadelphia firm, we get perfect satis¬ 
faction both upstairs and down. I do 
not know that this firm still exists or if 
so that they still make this stove, but 
they are common in this neighborhood 
in houses not heated by steam. I may 
give the idea by a diagram below. A 
F 
c 
Arrangement of Stove. 
is a coal stove surrounded by a drum B, 
with openings, G, around the bottom, and 
a large pipe, C, to conduct the hot air to 
the second story. F, the end of the pipe 
C is covered with an ordinary hot-air 
register. Of course D is the smoke-pipe 
and E the chimney. The pipe C should 
be much longer to make the proportion 
better. w. J. T. 
Ednor, Md. 
Get a good carpenter, give him some 
well-seasoned pine, free from knots, and 
he will stop the wind all right. Get the 
local tinner to make a drum heater, after 
Details of Drum Heater. 
the enclosed sketch shown above, and use 
it in place of the radiator. A. B. K. 
West Pike, Pa. 
On page 1253 an inquirer wants to 
know how to protect a room from Winter 
winds through loose windows. Provided 
he can ventilate through doors effectively, 
he could fill all cracks and openings with 
cotton batting, and so very satisfactorily 
tighten the windows, to keep out all 
draft whatsoever, or take other clean soft 
material. 
1 heated my upstairs room through 
my register and stovepipe. 1 had the tin¬ 
smith fit a stovepipe over the stove. I 
took the top of stove off but not the lid, 
fitted the pipe over the stove and led 
it into the register. The stovepipe proper 
I brought through a separate hole through 
The Slave of tiie Churn. 
the ceiling and upstairs floor into the 
upstairs chimney hole. I had a ring of 
tin fitted around the stovepipe nailed to 
the floor to keep the pipe in place, had 
it perforated, to circulate the air around 
pipe and woodwork ; had no soot or ashes 
or smoke in the register ever, but a nice 
warmth came through it. I burned coal; 
a wood stove could be made to serve the 
same purpose. Perhaps it would be a 
little warmer and on a bitter cold day, 
he may also use that little heater around 
the lamp chimney, it is but a small af¬ 
fair, but would help out. I practiced 
above measures several years successfully. 
A small oil heater would be even better, 
on very cold days. T. N. S. 
Yalesville, Conn. 
The inference is. as this is a second- 
story room, it is a sleeping room. In 
this case would it be good policy to make 
it so snug that fresh outside air could 
not enter? Such conditions prevail in 
too many homes at present, as is attested 
by the thousands of deaths from tubercu¬ 
losis each season, and many other simi¬ 
lar complaints like colds, catarrh, pneu¬ 
monia, etc., are caused by just such lack 
of pure air in our sleeping rooms. We 
have a bathroom facing west that was 
difficult to heat, as a bathroom at times 
should be comfortably warm. We pro¬ 
cured small wooden strips faced with rub¬ 
ber at our local hardware dealers, and 
applied them round the sash. This made 
the sash very tight. The sash was 1%- 
inch thick so we rabbited a space on the 
inside leaving about one-half inch of 
wood stand and put an extra light of 
glass in each sash, thereby making a 
double glass sash with inch air space 
between. This makes an exceedingly 
warm window construction for a bath 
room, but would be of little use for our 
sleeping rooms, as we have windows wide 
open all night. Our boys would just 
as soon go without a meal as sleep with 
their windows closed. In some cases it 
is easy to form even good habits. If a 
stove of good size is placed beneath the 
room that it is desired to heat, a cheap 
and effective method would be to encase 
the stovepipe from within a few inches 
of the top of stove through the floor 
above with a larger pipe, the size of this 
pipe depending on how much warm air 
would be wanted. If tbe room is large, 
10 to 12 inches round an ordinary six- 
inch .stove pipe would not be too large. 
This pipe would also carry a large vol¬ 
ume of air from the room below and 
would assist in ventilating the upper room 
if it were made bottle tight. If the 
smokepipe were six-inch and the heating 
casing 12-incli, the casing should be not 
less than three inches from the top of 
stove, so as to allow a good volume of 
air to enter same. elmer j. weaver. 
Lancaster Co., Pa. 
Home Treatment of Cuts. 
The Danger from a cut isn’t always in 
proportion to its size. Few of those re¬ 
ceived in work about the home and farm 
endanger life by bleeding, for, unless a 
large artery is severed, nature has her 
own way of stopping the flow before ser¬ 
ious consequences ensue. But all cuts, 
whether large or small, have within them 
grave possibilities, for they mean that the 
skin, that great protective covering of 
the body, has been broken, and that the 
soft tissues beneath have been exposed 
to contamination by dirt, and infection 
by germs. 
Dirty Wounds. —Most wounds contain 
more or less visible dirt, carried into 
them by the cutting instrument, and this 
instrument, no matter what it is. or how 
clean it may appear to the eye, is prac¬ 
tically always a carrier of germs; for 
germs are omnipresent. In healthy tis¬ 
sues nature is usually able to take care 
of these invaders, and the only evidence 
of the fight that is going on between them 
and the blood is the “matter,” or pus, that 
forms while the wound is healing. Oc¬ 
casionally such germs as find entrance 
are immediately washed out by the flow 
of blood, and if no others are admitted, 
the cut surfaces unite without any pus 
showing. This is the result to be hoped 
for, and the aim of proper treatment. 
Germs Near. —There is always the 
possibility, however, that germs of a 
malignant nature, such as those which 
cause tetanus, or lockjaw, have gotten 
into a wound, especially if that wound 
has been made by some dirty instrument 
like a nail that has lain upon the ground. 
The germs that causer lockjaw have their 
home in the surface layers of the soil, in 
barnyard dirt, and similar substances. It 
is for this reason that a punctured wound 
made by a nail is somewhat more dan¬ 
gerous than others. Not because the 
nail is rusty, but because it is dirty. 
Such punctures, too, carry their infec¬ 
tion deep into the tissues where it is less 
easily washed out by the flow of blood. 
Clean The Wound. —Knowing that 
the chief danger from all minor wounds 
lies in the possibility of their infection 
by malignant germs, we have the key 
to their proper treatment. This is ex-, 
ceedingly simple, calling for but two 
things; first, the attainment of cleanli¬ 
ness in and about the wound; and sec¬ 
ond, the maintenance of that cleanliness. 
Surgical cleanliness involving the use of 
antiseptics and germicides may be be¬ 
yond the reach of unskilled hands, but 
soap and water are nearly always at 
hand. The early use of these will often 
render the use of surgical measures, later, 
unnecessary. A roll of soft white cloths 
that have been washed and ironed should 
have a place in every home where they 
may be ready for an emergency. Some 
pure white soap and water that has been 
boiled, and is still hot, complete a very 
satisfactory emergency equipment. 
Cuts On The Hand. —The hand is 
most exposed to injury, and when hurt 
is usually dirty. It is often covered with 
grease from machinery. If an injury to 
the hand is not of sufficient extent to re¬ 
quire the services of a physician, and, of 
course, the great majority of them are 
not, bleeding should be checked by the 
pressure of a pad of soft clean cloth 
while the skin about the cut is thoroughly 
washed with hot water and soap. No 
harm will be done if some of the soapy 
water gets into the wound. After hav¬ 
ing made the skin as clean as possible, 
the cut and bruised surfaces should be 
irrigated by allowing warm boiled water 
to flow into and over them from a picher 
held at some height above the wound. 
This should be continued until all dirt 
and foreign matter have been washed 
away, and the more thoroughly it is done, 
the less the danger of infection, and the 
quicker the wound will heal. Subsequent 
treatment consists in bringing the cut 
surfaces together and binding them up 
in the clean cloths which have been pre¬ 
pared and kept for that purpose. 
the country doctor. 
STEP SAVERS. 
A Handy Milk Room. 
A great deal has been said about labor- 
saving devices on the farm and reading 
Mr. Markley’s description of his laundry 
makes me think some of The R. N.-Y. 
readers might be glad to hear of my milk 
room. It received its name from its first 
use, which is almost trivial compared 
with its present utility. 
The milk room is 14 feet by 16 feet, 
and is attached to the cow barn at the 
most remote point from the stables. It 
has three large windows that command 
a pleasant view of the surrounding coun¬ 
try. which is a great convenience to fera- 
enine curiosity when teams are passing. 
A cement floor sloping slightly to one 
corner allows all water to pass freely 
away; in this corner on a cement base 
is a four horse-power gasoline engine, 
from which a belt runs to the main shaft 
on the opposite side. Here stands the 
separator through which the milk from 
20 cows runs with very little labor. A 
large smith’s drill is next, and by means 
of this and other tools in my possession 
I manage to repair nearly everything in 
the line of farming machinery that 
chances to break. A washing machine 
stands beside the separator, and the fam¬ 
ily washing is done very quickly and 
easily at the expense of a little gasoline. 
From the milk room we belt into the 
granary, where I have a small mill for 
grinding all my own grist. 
On the other side of the room I belt out 
of doors to the sawing machine, which 
saws our own wood and hundreds of 
cords for other people. In the Fall the 
sawing machine gives place to the silage 
cutter, and we fill our silo. We also 
have a six horse-power engine which we 
use away from home. Not only do we 
have machinery for making manual la¬ 
bor lighter, but contrivances for con¬ 
venience as well. For instance, in one 
corner of the milk room stands a small 
sheet-iron stove on which we heat all 
the water used in washing milk dishes, 
etc., while overhead is a cistern with 
a capacity of 30 barrels from which 
water is piped to the stove and engine, 
so that very little needs to be carried. 
The whole thing is designed to be—if one 
word will express it—practical, and it 
does these gray hairs good to watch that 
machinery in operation, and think how 
certain productions of the human mind 
tend to lengthen the days of a man in 
declining years. tv. A. FLETCHER. 
New York. 
THE MILK ROOM AND ITS CONVENIENCES. 
