64 SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE 
All orange growers are familiar with the fact of the occasional 
occurrence of good seeds in navel fruits. 
My experiments were principally made on the so-called 
Washington and Parson’s navels. 
In a few of the crossed fruits, for instauce, crossed with 
pollen of grape fruit, the seeds were much longer and larger 
than the seeds usually developed in the navel or common 
oranges. 
On the contrary fruits on the same Parson’s navel tree 
crossed with pollen from St. Michael’s blood orange developed 
plump, full seeds of the character usually occuring in St. 
Michael’s blood oranges. Photographs made of the seeds of 
different crossed Parson’s navel fruits show plainly the differ¬ 
ences and may even suggest the parent from which the pollen 
was taken. 
The practical suggestion to be derived from the above re¬ 
sults is that we should not take means to secure the cross 
pollination of our navel trees, hoping thereby to secure a larger 
crop of fruit. The effect of the cross pollination apparently 
being the production of seedy fruits; but not necessarily more 
fruits. These are merely suggestions and may' have to be 
modified as more is learned of the subject. 
Experiments In Crossing* Citrus Fruits. 
By Prof. W. T. Swingle, of the Sub-Tropical Laboratory of the United 
States Department of Agriculture, Eustis, Fla. 
I should like to call attention to the fact that the work of 
crossing the best varieties of citrus fruits is in progress at the 
sub-tropical laboratory. 
Our first crosses were made in March, 1893. To insure 
against any possibility of self-pollination, the flowers were 
opened forcibly before the pollen was ripe, and all the authers 
were carefully cut away. Then, to protect the flower against 
the visits of insects, it was inclosed in a paper or close woven 
cloth bag. This insured that no foreign pollen could be car¬ 
ried to the stigma by bees or other insects. When the stigma 
became moist and receptive, pollen from some other variety 
was applied, and the bags tied on again. 
Of about a hundred crosses made, only nineteen developed 
