6 Ecliin. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
deep-sea crinoid, allied to the rare Hyocrinus , but distinguished by the 
suspension of the tegminal subvective grooves on a membrane. 
Under Bionomics the important papers are that by Scott (256) on the 
feeding of Strongylocentrotus, and “Regeneration” by Przibram (227). 
The discovery that certain distally thickened spines of Calveria contained 
a female copepod, described by Hansen (120), suggests an explanation for 
the swollen and bored spines of a fossil Cidaris previously described by 
Gronwall (144, Zool. Rec. 1900). 
The papers dealing with Larval development and Organogeny from the 
morphologists’ point of view have been alluded to above. The physiologist 
will find valuable discussions on maturation, fertilisation, and segmenta¬ 
tion by Boveri, Bryce, Buller, Delage, Giardixa, and others, with a 
large series of papers by the usual writers on experimental embryology 
and parthenogenesis. 
III. Distribution. A. There is little of general interest. Grieg (114) 
has made a careful revision of the Echinoderm fauna of northern Norway. 
H^rouard (127) contributes to the splendidly produced “ Resultats des 
campagnes scientifiques...par Albert Ier. Prince souverain de Monaco,” a 
description of the Holothurians collected from 1892 to 1897. The recent 
voyages of the ‘ Princesse Alice ’ have been fruitful of interesting results, 
and Richard (238) relates how the Prince of Monaco has obtained 
Ophiurids and an Asteroid from a greater depth than hitherto achieved— 
7000 metres [4^- miles]; the Prince himself (4) is more modest by 965 
metres. The Echinoderms collected at the Maidive and Laccadive 
Islands by J. S. Gardiner, and those obtained by the Antarctic expedition 
of the ‘Southern Cross’ are briefly discussed by Bell (19 & 17). Clark 
(46 & 48) records fresh occurrences at various N. Pacific localities ; and 
Doederlein (69 & 70) discusses Japanese Euryalidae and Asteroids. 
B. Here are several important works, especially those dealing with 
Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary faunas of Europe and Asia Minor. 
Oppenheim (210) revises the Lower Tertiary Echinoids, and less critically 
the Crinoids, of Yenetia and the Trentino, with study of many of the type- 
specimens of Dames, Quenstedt, Mazzetti and others—a much needed bit 
of work. Tertiary Echinoids of Italy also form the subject of papers by 
Airaghi, Checchia, De Stefani, Lovisato, Mariani, Martelli, Patrini, 
and Ragusa. Gauthier (96) describes 21 species of Echinoids from the 
Cretaceous, and 13 from the Eocene, collected by J. de Morgan in 
W. Persia ; of these the most interesting is a Cionobrissus of L T pper 
Eocene age, the genus having up till now been known only by a species 
from the Indian Ocean. Echinometra is another genus now first found 
fossil, being described by De Loriol (176) from Upper Meiocene beds. 
The Echinoderms collected by the Princeton Expedition from the Pata¬ 
gonian beds, are described by Ortmann (212), who refers them to Lower 
Meiocene. 
The magnificent volumes by A. de Grossouvre (116) on the Chalk, now 
first render accessible to the public Lambert’s monograph on J ticraster, 
which was privately distributed to some palaeontologists in 1895, and was 
indexed in the Record for that year ; it is now supplemented by numerous 
additions and corrections, while in the rest of the work are valuable notes 
on the Upper Cretaceous Echinoids, with tables of distribution. Lambert 
(161) also publishes what one gathers incidentally is the first part of a 
memoir on the fossil Echinoids of the province of Barcelona, dealing in his 
usual masterly manner with Cretaceous and Eocene species from various 
localities in Catalonia, not merely from Barcelona, while genera and 
species from other countries also come up for discussion. 
Schlueter’s study of Caratomus (252) deserves mention under the head 
of Cretaceous palaeontology, whilst among the crowd of less important 
works one may note Wanner (292) on the Danian of the Libyan desert, 
