biology, (it, b, ii, iii: c, i—vii: D, i—vii.) Echin. 39 
vii. Miscellanea and Experimental Physiology :— General 
account of experiments on Ech., and physiological chemistry; Przibram 
in Hamann (119) pp. 1174-1212. 
Adipogenic allied to genital function, thus hepatic glands of Asterias 
diminish as genital glands increase in volume ; Deflandre (58). 
Protoplasm of muscles chemically examined in Stichopus; Fuerth 
(90) p. 344. —Chemical reactions and coagulation-point of muscle 
substance in Astropecten, Strongylocentrotus , and Holothuria ; Przi¬ 
bram (228). 
Attempt to discover functions of madreporite in Ech. and Ast.; 
Delage (65) p. 237. 
Arsenic in Stichopus, Strongylocentrotus , and Pedicellaster ; Ber¬ 
trand (21). 
(D.) BIONOMICS. 
i. General Accounts :—In Ech. (completed in 1903); Hamann 
(119) pp. 1296-1307.—Popular account of living Echinoderms illus¬ 
trated from photographs; Saville-Kent (246). 
ii. Special habits :—Vacant. 
iii. Habitat: — 
(a) Bottom and habitat of Echinoderms from Maidive and Lacca¬ 
dive Is., see list under iii, a, iii; Bell (19). 
(b) Bottom on which spp. were dredged by “ Princesse Alice,” see 
list of genera under iii, a, ii; Herouard (127). —Of Cucumaria ; 
Pearcey (218) p. 306. —Holothuria ‘rathbuni burrows in sand; 
Merrill (285) p. 37. 
(c) Of Strongylocentrotus , W. Atlantic coast; Scott (256).—Of 
Spatangus ; Pearcey (218) p. 317.— Echinoneus semilunaris in gravel; 
Verrill (285) p. 37.—Occurrence in Lower Miocene litoral deposits 
of genera, esp. Ananchytinae , whose nearest allies now live in deep 
sea: Palaeopneustes, Asterostoma, Heterohnssus , Toxopatagus , Cleist- 
echinus ; Oppenheim (210) pp. 222, 279. 
(d) Luidia clathrata on and under sand, LincJcia guildingii under 
stones; Verrill (285) p. 36. 
(e) Of Ophiopholis; Pearcey (218) p. 312.— Astroporpa afinis on 
Verrucella ; ALerrill (285) p. 36. 
(f) Pentacrinidce , evidence for benthos character vitiated by 
occasional alleged pseudoplanktonic habitat; Pompeckj (225) p. 42. 
iv. Feeding:— 
(b) Thy one , mops up sand and diatoms with its tentacles, which 
are then poked down the throat; Grave (106). 
(c) Moera, ambulacral brushes grasp sand and diatoms and pass 
them to the mouth; Grave (106).—Food of Strongylocentrotus , sea¬ 
weed, diatomaceous sand, carrion, compared with food of Echinus ; 
Scott (256). 
(e) Ophiophragma , pellets of sand and diatoms are passed by podia 
to the mouth ; Grave (106). 
v. Defence and Protection :—Vacant. 
vi. Locomotion :— of Strongylocentrotus ; Scott (256). — Linder sand, of 
Luidia clathrata ; Verrill (285) p. 36. 
vii. Autotomy and Regeneration:— 
(a) Essay on regeneration, with bibliography, examples from 
Echinoderms, spicules in Hoi. (p. 76), regen. after autotomy in Oph., 
Ast., Hoi. (p. 80), autotomy for dispersal of gonads, Ast., Oph. (p. 82), 
1902. [Vol. xxxix.] e 23 
