40 Echin. 
XIY. ECHINODERMA. 
autot. for protection, Oph ., Ast., Grin. (p. 82), autot. at definite points, 
Oph., Hoi. (p. 83), autot. in ova (p. 88), transplantation, Ast., Crin. 
(p. 89), jiotentiality of regen. in Ast., Oph., Crin., Ech., Hoi. (p. 92), 
constancy of germ-layers in regenerate tissues, Oph. (p. 107), influence 
of nerves, Ast., Crin. (p. 107), regen. of a different organ, Ast. (p. 113), 
axis of regenerate parts, Ast. (p. 118); Przibram (227).—Short popular 
account of autotomy, with figg. of Asterias and Antedon ; Gorka (103). 
(b) Expulsion of respiratory trees in Allantis ; Herouard (127) 
p. 20. 
(d) Autotomy, perhaps for reproduction, in Phataria ; Ritter 
( 241) p. 62.—Regeneration of excised madreporite in Asterias, replaced 
by a single pore, but this not a parallelism with ontogeny; Del age 
( 63 & 65) p. 238 .—Luidia sp., two injured arms regenerated with 
“striking, though not exact, resemblance 55 to Astropecten; Bell (18). 
(e) Autotomy of upper surface of disc in Oph. and perhaps all 
gonads, do latter regenerate ?; Bell (19) p. 223. 
(f) Of entire calyx from IBB and one basal, a 6tli ray added; 
Springer (266) p. 97. 
(h) Repair of injured theca in Pentremites piriformis', Greene 
( 111) p. 89, pi. xxix. 
viii. Parasites and Commensals :— 
(b) Enteroxenos ostergreni a gastropod in body-cavity of Stichopus 
tremuhes; Bonnevie (26).—Gastropod, Entocolax in body-cavity of 
Cliiridota ; Voigt (290).—Cysts of a Sporozoon (?) in Scotoplanes ; 
Herouard (127) p. 40 .—Lissocarcinus orbicularis, a crab “lives sym- 
biotically” with Holothuria nigra, under its tentacles, is protectively 
coloured [author objects to call this “ commensalism,” but does not 
justify his use of “symbiosis”]; Borradaile (27) p. 200. 
(c) Mucronalia, Prosobranch Gastropod on Acrocladia, fixed on 
ambulacrum, sends proboscis into body-cavity (p. 1), Hipponyx, 
Prosobranch Gastropod, commensal on radioles of Cidaris (p. 10); 
Kukenthal (160 ).—A vagina incola, acoelous Turbellarian in acces¬ 
sory canal of Echinocardium ; Leiper (166).— Echinonema, nematode 
in perivisceral cavity of “the sea-urchin”; Gemmill (98).— Echino- 
cheres , Copepod parasitic in radioles of Calveria ; Hansen (120).— 
Monlacuta , mollusc on Spatangus radioles; Pearcey (218) p. 317.— 
Verruca and Scalpellum , cirripedes, on radioles of Dorocidaris; 
Richard (238) p. 90. 
(d) Prosobranch Gastropods, Mucronalia on Linckia, fixed on 
ambulacrum, sends proboscis into skin (p. 5), Stilifer on Choriaster 
(p. 6), Thyca, 2 spp., on Linckia miliaris (pp. 7, 9); Kukenthal (160). 
(e) Myzostomes on Ophiocreas and Astroceras ; Clark (47). 
(f) Platyceras on Crin .; Keyes (150).—Deformities produced b} T 
parasites, IMyzostoma , in Cyrtocr. and Eugeniacr .; Remes (234) pp. 
198, 204.—Crustaceans and worms living on Actinometra and pro¬ 
tectively coloured; Alcock (5) pp. 99, 113. 
ix. Echinoderms as Pood :—of fish ,—Cucumaria, Thyone, Astro¬ 
pecten, Asterias, Ophiopholis, Ophiothrix, Astronyx, Ophiura, Amphiura, 
Echinus, Echinocyamus, Spatangus, Echinocardium, Brissopsis ; Pear¬ 
cey (218): Echinoderms of Chalk; Janet (136) p. 909. 
x. Echinoderms as Geological Agents: — as rock-formers; 
Keilhack (145 ).—Ophiothrix &c. augmenting coral reefs; Alcock (5) 
p. 139.— Ech. forming beds in Weisser Jura e (p. 601), Millericr. 
columnals (p. 559); Schmierer (254).—Echinoderm breccia of Great 
Oolite near Basel, chiefly Cainocr. andreae; Struebin (273) p. 70.— 
Crinoideenschiefer of Liassic age; Rothpletz (243) p. 23.—Penta- 
crinite limest. (p. 272), “ ferrocrinoid ” bed (pp. 267, 277); Walford 
