BIOLOGY. 
(n, D, viii—x: E, i—iii.) Echin. 41 
(291): “ferrocrinoids” not crinoidal; Blake in discussion.—Crinoidal 
limestone, Carboniferous, altered into haematite, in Monmouthshire; 
Strahan (271) p. 26 and pi. 
Evidence of fossil Cidaris as to conditions of deposition of the Chalk 
(p. 905), radioles or columnals preserved owing to their outer crust, 
but not tests or thecae (p. 908); Janet (136). 
Sea-urchin burrows in trachyte at Pedras Pretas, Pernambuco; 
Branner (31) p. 60, pi. ix. 
(E.) MISCELLANEOUS. 
i. Research and Instruction :— 
a. Preservation :—Collection and preservation of recent Echino- 
derma ; British Museum (32).—The collection of early stages of 
various Classes in B. of Naples (p. 82) and methods of fixing and 
staining (p. 78) ; Russo (245). 
b. Methods of research:—Breeding and preserving larvae of Echinus 
for study ; MacBride (182).—Method of rearing Ech. and Opli. 
from ovum to adult, discovery alleged, but not described ; Grave 
( 108) ; larvae reared on diatoms; Grave (107).—Preservation 
and fixation of ova and larvae of Cribrella; Masterman (195) 
p. 375.—Methods and stains used in study of ovum ; Bryce (35) 
p. 180.—Method of dissecting ova; Delage (65) p. 240.—Micro¬ 
scopic preparation of recent Ecliinoderms ; Garbini (93) pp. 261, 
262.—Machine for grinding fossils at regular intervals, and photo¬ 
graphy of serial sections, applied to Ophiura and Lapworthura ; 
Sollas (263).—Test for Aragonite and Calcite ; Meigen (208). 
c. Museum Exhibits and Collections:-—American Museum of 
Natural History, exhibit of Uintacr ., slab 5 ft. 4 in. x 3 ft. 2 in.; 
Jesup (138) p. 16 and plate.—Specimens of Ephippiellum sent to 
British Museum; Lomnicki (174).—List of types & figd. specimens, 
Ech., Oph ., Grin. ; Geol. Soc. London (101).—List of historical 
specimens of Palaeozoic Echinodermct in Museum of Practical Geology, 
London; Allen (7).—List of type-specimens fossil Echinoderms in 
Museum Geol. Survey, Ireland ; McHenry & Watts (184), pp. 121- 
126.—-Norwich Museum, historical specimens of Ananchytes, Spa- 
tangus, Asterias , Ophiura ; Leney (167) p. 227.—Brighton Museum, 
Chalk Echinoderms ; McPherson (186).—List of historical and 
type-specimens in Basle Museum, echinoderms figd. by Bourguet 
(■ Ophiura gagnehini ), Bruckner, Hofer, Andreae, Knorr, Agassiz, 
Desor, de Loriol, Gillieron ; Greppin (112). 
d. Instruction:—Text-book; Masterman (194): fossil Echino¬ 
derms ; Cole (49) pp. 375-389 : Jukes-Browne (141) : Woods 
( 303) pp. 99-150, with many original text-figg.: with several figg. 
of Ech. & Ast. new to the text-books ; Vinassa de Regny (288) 
pp. 202-252.—Brief account of Bohemian Cystidea with figg. after 
Barrande (pp. 897, 898, 1025), and of Cretaceous Ech., Ast. with 
figg. after Novak and Fritscli (p. 1321) ; Katzer (144).-—-Keys 
to structure of test in families and genera of Ech., with glossary ; 
Payebien (214).—See also Schmeil (253). 
ii. Economics :—Possibility of rearing Ech. for economic purposes at 
Barbados; Grave (108).—Sea-urchins will not strip a coast of sea¬ 
weed because an equilibrium must have been established ages ago, 
the idea is not confirmed by historic observations, and urchins live at 
a lower zone ; Scott (256). 
iii. Bibliography Index to all generic and all specific names from 
