BIOLOGY, (ii, F, vii, viii.) DISTRIBUTION. (Ill, A, i, ii.) Echin. 45 
Delage (61): its action on Ast. ova, full discussion; Delage (64): 
acts as a temporary poison; Delage (62).—Slight normal partheno- 
genetic segmentation in Arbacia pustulosa, and segmentation after 
treatment with various solutions, reaching gastrula; Ariola (11): 
these larvae probably not Ech. at all, natural parthenogenesis of 
Arbacia not proved ; Loeb (171).—See also under n, f, v, c ; Yiguier 
(286). 
III. DISTRIBUTION*. 
A. GEOGRAPHICAL, 
i. General:—Vacant. See however in, b, i. 
ii. Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Seas:—General, — North 
Atlantic, distrib. of Solaster papposus et varr.; Grieg (114). 
Scandinavia:—Northern Norway, revised list of Ech., Ast., Oph., 
Crin., with notes on distrib., and analysis of fauna; Grieg (113). 
British coasts :—Moray and Cromarty firths, with notes on bathy¬ 
metric and general distrib., Cucumaria, Thyone, Psolus, Astropecten, 
Luidia, Hippasterias, Porania, Palmipes, Stichaster, Solaster, Hen- 
ricia, Asterias, Amphiura, Ophiactis, Opliiopholis, Oplviocoma, Ophi¬ 
othrix, Astronyx, Ophiura, Echinus, Strongylocentrotus, Echino- 
cyamus, Spatangus, Echinocardium, Brissopsis ; Pearcey (218).— 
Firth of Forth, Echinoderms dredged at various stations; Pearcey 
( 217) p. 228.—Cambois B., Alnmouth B., Druridge B., Echino¬ 
cardium (pp. 8, 9), Cambois and Alnmouth Bays, larvae (pp. 30, 31); 
Meek (199).—Essex coast, variation of fauna does not affect the 
common Echinoderms, abundance of Synapta in R. Orwell; Sorby 
( 264).—Exe estuary, Ophiothrix, Amphiura, Echinus ; Allen & 
Todd (6) p. 317. 
French coasts :—Normandy, Psammechinus, Cribrella, Solaster, Aster - 
ina, Ophioglypha, Amphiura, Ophiothrix, Antedon ; Gadeau de 
Kerville (91) pp. 177, 178. 
Mediterranean:—Etang de Thau near Cette and neighbouring 
channels, Asterina, Asterias, Amphiura, Ophiothrix, Strongylo- 
centrotus, Echinus, Cucumaria ; Gourret (104).—Gulf of Triest, 
Echinoderm plankton 1901 ; Steuer (268) pi. i. 
E. Atlantic and Mediterranean :—Hol. collected by ‘ Princesse Alice ’ 
1892-7, Pannychia, Laetmophasma, and Scotoanassa new to Atlantic, 
also spp. of Holothuria, Stichopus, Pseudostichopus, Paelopatides , 
Allantis (n. g.), Mesothuria , Paroriza (n. g\), Psychropotes, Bentho- 
clytes, Euphronides, Laetmogone, Deima, Kolga, Scotoplanes, Penia- 
gone , Thyone, Ankyroderma, and Labidoplax ; Herouard (127).— 
Dredged by ‘Princesse Alice, 5 oft'Morocco, Dorocidaris, Astlienosoma, 
Phormosoma, Porocidaris, Echinus, Sperosoma, Holothuria ; near 
Hierro, Canaries, Ophioglypha, Pentacr., Hyocr. [i.e. Gephyrocr. n.g.] ; 
C. Verde, 7000 metres, Ophioglypha, Hyphalaster ; Mais Id., 
Dorocidaris, Sperosoma, Bcithyplotes ; Sal Id., Dorocidaris, Phor¬ 
mosoma, Sperosoma, Ophiomusium, Mesothuria, Bathyplotes ; Antao 
Id., Ptychogaster ; Madeira, Pentacr ; Richard (238).—Near Canary 
Is. Phormosoma, Astlienosoma, Sperosoma, Ophiocreas, Pentacr. 
[i.e. Isocr.\, Hyocr. [i.e. Gephyrocr .] : C. Verde Is. Hyphalaster, 
Ophioglypha, Sperosoma, Bathyplotes : C. Verde Basin, Ophioglypha, 
Hyphalaster; Albert (4).—Azores, Gephyrocr. n. g.; Koehler & 
Bather (156): really from Hierro in Canaries, 1786 metres, cor¬ 
rection in Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) x, p. 420.—Azores, Opliiopliycis n. g. 
et sp. (p. 222) : Cape Verde basin, Ophioglypha n. spp. (p. 225); 
Koehler (155). 
* For the species found, refer to generic names under IV. 
