DISTRIBUTION. 
Spoilg. 19 
belong to other suborders. Most fossil Dictyonina, so called, belong to 
the tribes Uncinatana and Inermia , but Hexasterophora also occur in the 
chalk; Schrammen (55) pp. 8 & 9. 
(ii) Cainozoic. 
(a), (b) Vacant. 
(c) Pliocene:—Pliocene of Egypt, Cliona globulifera Hanc.; Blanck- 
enhorn (5) pp. 364, 379. 
(d) Miocene:—Tortonian of Cucuron (Vaucluse), 1st zone, Dendrina 
europcea Fischer, and Cliona falunica Fischer; Deydier (12) p. 326. 
(e) , (f) Vacant. 
(iii) Mesozoic. 
(a) Vacant. 
(b) Cretaceous:—Cretaceous of the Iser region, Amorphospongia ; 
Zahalka (75) p. 17.—Cretaceous of the Island Rugen, Pomerania, sponge 
spicules; Deecke (11) p. 81 & fig.—Angoumien of the Teutoberger Wald, 
list of fossil sponges; Elbert (13).—Senonian of Biewende, list of fossil 
sponges; Wollemann (74).—Senonian of Konigsberg and West Prussia, 
Craticularia, Ventriculites , Rhizopoterion , and Plocoscyphia , in all 6 spp. 
(5 new) and 2 varr. (nn.); Ungern-Sternberg (63).—Upper Cretaceous 
of Hanover; Polyblastidium , Lepidospongia , Ventricidites , Leiostracosia, 
n. g., Plectodermatium , n. g., Pachylepisma , n. g., Microblastidium , n. g., 
Eudictyon , n. g., Kentrosia , n. g., Plocoscyphia , Becksia, Eubrochis , n. g., 
Proeurete , n. g., Leptophragma , Guettardia , Balantionella, n. g., Typhlo- 
pleura , n. g., Andrecea , n. g., and Polyopesia , n. g., in all 21 nn. spp.; 
Schrammen (55).—Chalk of Skalicka, Thalamopora , Eudea , Peronidella ; 
Remes (50) pp. 136 & 137.—Cretaceous of the Alpes-Maritimes, Sponges; 
Peron (46) pp. 515 & 516.—Upper Cretaceous of Libyan Desert, Ven¬ 
triculites and Schizorhabdus ; Quaas (48) pp. 156 & 157: Wanner (67) 
pp. 97 & 98. 
(c) Jurassic:—Brown Jura of the Hesselberg, Bavaria, Achilleum , 
Porocypellia , Corynella ; Schlosser (52) p. 553.—Jurassic of Swabia, 
Franconia, and Aargau, list of sponges; Schmierer (53) pp. 573, 574, 576, 
582, 585, & 589.—Tithonian of Stramberg (Nesselsdorf), list of sponges; 
Remes (51) p. 197. 
(d) , (e) Vacant. 
(iv) Paleozoic. 
(a) Vacant. 
(b) Permian:—Permian of Western Texas, sponges “remarkably 
abundant.chiefly Calcispongiee,” also Bothroconis and Mammillopora ; 
Girty (15) p. 364. 
(c) , (d) Vacant. 
(e) Lower Carboniferous:—Carboniferous of Eastern Fife, Cliona , 
Hyalostelia ; Peach (45) p. 361. 
(f) Vacant. 
(g) Silurian:—Silurian of Mid-Baltic, list of sponges; Wiman (73) 
pp. 196-198. 
(h) Ordovician :—Ordovician of Lake Winnipeg, Receptaculites , Ischa- 
dites , Pasceolus , Aulocopella , Trichospongia ; Whiteaves (68) pp. 142-148. 
(k), (1) Vacant. 
