4 Prot. 
XVIII. PROTOZOA. 
Considerable attention has been paid to the “developmental-mechanics” 
of the Foraminiferan shell by Rhumbler, who in a rather abstruse 
memoir (315) deduces and then proves certain fundamental laws of 
development. In (314) he contributes an interesting and important 
account of the remarkable “ twinned-shells ” of Orbitolites , treated from 
a similar standpoint. 
Lohmann’s monograph (231) on the Coccolithophoridce , which he shews 
to be true Flagellates, is well worth study. Apart from “coccoliths” 
and “rhabdoliths,” etc., but little has been hitherto known of these minute 
plankton organisms, and a better acquaintance with their nature was 
much to be desired. Their relationships, and those of the Silicoflagellata 
(of which Lemmermann (222) contributes an up-to-date summary), are re¬ 
ferred to below. 
To R. Hertwig (153) we are indebted for a thoughtful memoir on the 
relation of Protozoan organisation to that of the Metazoan cell, full of 
suggestive ideas, and which reassures us with regard to the great charac¬ 
teristic of the Protozoa—their unicellular nature—upon which Hicksox 
& Wadsworth (158), in an interesting description of conjugation in Den- 
droco?netes, cast sundry doubts. 
The Protozoa have been subjected to many and diverse physiological 
experiments, by Crawley (on the cause of gliding movements in Gre- 
garines), Enriques (on osmosis etc.), Greeley (on the effects of reduction 
of temperature), Jennings and with others (on the effect of chemical and 
electrical stimuli), Joseph and Prowazek (Rontgen rays), Mendelssohn 
(thermotaxis), Roesle and also Wallengren (on the effect of galvano- 
tactic stimuli), Yasuda (concentrated chemical solutions) and others. 
Calkin’s investigations (50-53) on averting degeneration and causing 
rejuvenescence in Paramoecium , especially merit consideration. 
For various works on Geographical Distribution the reader is referred to 
the different papers by Averintzev, Beardsley, Borgert, Chapman, 
Cleve, Fornasini, Issel, Millett, Minkevich, Ostenfeldt, Penard, 
Roux, Schmidt, Wright, Zacharias, and Zykoff, and on Geological 
Distribution to those by Douville, Fornasini, Lagerheim, Martelli, 
Prever, Reade, Schubert, Silvestri, and Vinassa de Regny. 
In the Systematic part, many of the works just mentioned naturally 
recur. Borgert (27) adds to our knowledge of the Tripylaria, and 
Brandt (41) reclassifies the Collidce , making at the same time interesting 
observations on their reproduction. Chapman (61) calls his text-book on 
the Foraminifera also “ An Introduction to the Study of Protozoa,” which 
is rather misleading. Doflein (88) has produced a very useful treatise on 
parasitic Protozoa, and their relations to disease. In most respects it is a 
very serviceable work, but has the fault, condemned in last year’s record 
also, of introducing several new species. The author is occupied with an 
endeavour to improve upon the existing system of the Protozoa, which he 
amplifies in (87), but which is not particularly successful : the idea under¬ 
lying the similar attempt by Haller in his new text-book (150), although 
somewhat crudely expressed, is more in the right direction. Fornasini 
(116-126) describes many new Foraminifera from the Adriatic, both 
recent and fossil, and “revises” several of d’Orbigny’s species, repro¬ 
ducing figures from the “planches inedites.” Lemmermann (222) and 
Lohmann (231) reconstruct the Silicoflagellata and the Coccolithophoridce 
respectively. Millett (262) continues his report of the Foraminifera 
of the Malay Archipelago. Penard (289) publishes a ponderous tome 
on the Rhizopods of Lake Geneva, and Prever (299) describes many new 
Numrnulites from the Italian Eocene, revising the genus at the same 
time. The Infusorian fauna of Lake Geneva is dealt with by Roux 
(321 & 322) who describes the remarkable form Monomastix ciliatus which 
he places in the group Mastigotricha SchewiakofF, as intermediate between 
