36 Prot. 
XVIII. PROTOZOA. 
substance. To form chromosomes, a certain quantity of nucleolar- 
substance is necessary. What is over forms nucleoli. [See also n, d, 3.] 
Hertwig (153).—After an able review of Protozoan organisation as a 
whole, the author maintains that it “ affords strong evidence that [in this 
group] a coherent protoplasmic mass is a single organic unit, whether uni- 
or multi-nuclear. The latter condition does not modify the functional 
unity nor cause any increase in vital activity. The possibility of differ¬ 
entiation in multinuclear cells remains within the narrow limits of that in 
a uninuclear cell. Only when division extends to the protoplasm, leading 
to the production of many distinct and independent entities, cau develop¬ 
ment be in a new and higher direction,” Hertwig (153). 
Cytoplasmic distinctions between male and female schizonts in Adelea , 
Siedlecki (359a) and Cyclospora, Schaudinn (335); also between male 
and female crescents in Plasmodium vivax , Schaudinn (336). According 
to Schaudinn (336), the ring-form of the tertian-parasite is due to a 
vacuole, nutritive in function, which increases rapidly with the growth of 
the schizont ; according to Argutinsky (5) it is artificial and due to the 
fixatives used.—Distinction of a “small-ring” stage from a “large-ring” 
stage in the early growth of schizonts of Laverania malarias , Maurer (250). 
Curious retractile granules in Trypanosomes, Schilling (339) p. 454. 
Herpetophrya astoma , n. g., n. sp., possesses a forwardly directed pointed 
prolongation, like a little beak, Siedlecki (359). 
Conte & Vaney (70) describe a single nucleus in Opalina intestinalis , 
which (rarely) divides into macro- and micro-nucleus. They say that 
what are often taken for many true nuclei are only spherules emitted from 
the nucleus, which gradually lose their chromaticity and dissolve up, and 
are to be regarded as ergatoplasmic formations such as are found in 
secreting cells, eggs (“yolk-nuclei”) etc.—Reticular structure of the ecto¬ 
plasm in Opalina dimidiata , Kunstler & Gineste (181).—Minute struc¬ 
ture of the ectoplasm and the trichocysts in Paramoecium aurelia Ehrbg., 
Ivolsch (178).—Expulsion of the trichocysts in P. aurelia. These organs 
appear as refringent vacuoles, and the opinion is expressed that they 
contain a drop of liquid, which is expelled as a fine jet, and immediately 
solidified, Massart (249).—Varied structure of the nucleus and degenera¬ 
tion processes in Euplotes ; curious diminution-process of the cell body, 
Prowazek (302). Protoplasmic contents in Protozoa generally, id. (301). 
Mega- and micro-nuclei of Dendrocometes, detailed account of :—special 
“conjugative” process of the cytoplasm; Hickson & Wadsworth (158) 
conclude their paper with the no less remarkable statement than com¬ 
parison, that “ the body of a Paramoecium or of a Dendrocometes is no 
more a single independent cell than is the embryo-sac of an Angiosperm 
plant.” [Contrast Hertwig (153) above.] 
(c) Organs of attachment and locomotion:— Amoeba com- 
minuens , n. sp., characterized by its peculiar pseudopodial formation, 
which takes place so suddenly that the Animba appears to break up in 
rounded pieces—really the eruptive spherical pseudopods which only 
remain attached by a short delicate stalk. The parts appear to “fall 
together” again on the retraction of the pseudopods, Rhumbler (315). 
Complicated structure of the protomerite of Pterocephalus nobilis ; 
description of this and of the attaching organs of other Gregarines, 
Leger & Duboscq (218).—Attachment of Myxidium lieberkiihnii to the 
bladder of the pike by an adherent “sole,” which appears vertically 
striated, due to the presence of a number of brush-like hairs (stiff “cilia”), 
lodged in the ectoplasm. Prenant (296 & 297) does not consider these 
latter of a pseudopodial nature, but rather as caused by a protoplasmic 
accumulation in the zone of attachment, which undergoes a vertical 
striation, the rodlets finally separating as the distinct hairs. [More like 
the process occurring in Sarcocystis tenella , see Yuillemin (407).] Mor- 
