BIOLOGY. 
Prot. 45 
schizogony] of Karolysus Cat-ertarum in the Lizard. Formation of micro- 
and macro-'“sporozoites ” [probably merozoites], Marceau (243). 
Multiplication by fission (“etranglement ”) in Piroplasma cams, giving 
the characteristic “pear-shaped” forms. Nocard & Motas (276) also figure 
amoeboid forms—with the nucleus fragmented, and the body very irregular 
and possessingflagella-like processes [possibly microgametes?].— LigniLres 
(227) on the other hand has followed various developmental stages of 1*. 
bigeminum in the Tick’s stomach, and describes a multiple fission of the 
“karyosomes” [nuclei?] which form 3-5 little chromatic masses; the 
protoplasm does not segment around these, but they (probably each 
surrounded by a delicate protoplasmic ring) escape and become free, the 
mother-individual disintegrating. These little “spores” grow and give 
rise to more adults, thus serving as a means of endogenous reproduction 
in the tick. Lignieres could see no sign of the pear-shaped forms, which 
characterize the parasite’s multiplication in the blood of the Vertebrate. 
“Multiple plasmotomy” or budding, as described by Cohn for Myxidium 
lieberkuhni denied; endogenous reproduction stated to be by equal or 
sub-equal fission (simple plasmotomy) as found by Doflein in Chloromyxum 
leydigi , Laveran & Mesnil (205). —Endogenous reproduction, by division 
of young forms, in Sphcerospora masovica ; Cohn (67) takes the oppor¬ 
tunity also of reaffirming the occurrence of multiple plasmotomy in 
Myxidium lieberkuhni , adding that the reason Laveran & Mesnil [205] 
were not able to find it, although quite little individuals were seen close to 
large ones, was because they only used preserved material, and Myxidium 
is very subject to contraction, when the thin connecting bridges rupture. 
Asexual reproduction of “ meronts ” in Thelohania mulleri in a schizo- 
gonous manner, by rapid division, Stempell (377); also “sporonts” 
reproducing by spore-formation. Stempell homologizes these sporonts 
with the “pansporoblasts” of other Myxosporidia. 
The initially formed cells in a young Sarcocystis tenella, become differen¬ 
tiated into two kinds, one set forming the pansporoblasts (balls of 
crescents), the other lot the “pale cells” which degenerate, Vuillemin 
(407).—Absence of polar capsule and no trace of a polar filament in spores 
[i.e. gymnospores] of S. muris from the mouse, Koch (177), also Smith 
(367). Wasielewski in discussion affirms extrusion of polar filament in 
spores [probably chlamydospores] of Sarcocystis of sheep and pigs.— 
Gymnospore-formation in S. muris ; Smith (367) holds that the par¬ 
titions separating the “polyhedral masses” [pansporoblasts] are not in¬ 
growths of the wall, but only the limits of these bodies themselves, the 
contents of which divide up to form the gymnospores. 
Cohn (68) thinks that endogenous reproduction takes place in quite 
young individuals of Bertramia asperospora, in a manner analogous to 
that in Myxidium lieberkuhni, and indeed that Bertram’s figg. of such 
forms shewing 2-3 nuclei with the protoplasm arranged round them 
represents this commencing,—on the ground that “sausage-shaped” adults, 
with many nuclei but no corresponding segregation of the protoplasm, 
occur. Only later do these adults form “spores.” The spores themselves 
shewed two bright spots in the interior, but whether these represented 
nuclei or polar-capsules, they were too minute to determine. 
The only observed method of reproduction in Chitonicium simplex is 
by fission ; no spore-formation as in the Sporozoa, Plate (292). 
Longitudinal division in Dinobryon, Lemmermann (221).—Both varieties 
of Rerpetomonas jaculum n. sp., multiply by longitudinal fission, Leger 
(212) & (214).— Monas multiplies by simple fission at a temperature of 
20° C., and by asexual spore-formation at from l°-4° C., Greeley (144).— 
Multiplication in Polytoma, Prowazek (306).—Longitudinal division (and 
probably multiple fission leading to “ colonial ” stage) in Crithidia fasci- 
cidata n. g., n. sp., Leger (213). 
