FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
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the Department, and in spite of the fact 
that this disease is so commonly present 
in the State, it would appear that there 
are a considerable number who are un¬ 
acquainted with its cause, nature and the 
means by which it may be controlled. 
For the reason just indicated I shall give 
a short description of this well marked 
disease. The fruit, when affected, is 
covered with wart-like corky elevations. 
Beneath these the tissue of the kind will 
be found to be somewhat thickened. 
The warts are at first yellow, translucent, 
then grayish, later becoming dusky in 
color, still later quite dark, and the tops 
of the excrescences break open. These 
warty elevations are frequently confluent 
and of considerable extent and irregular 
in shape, but when they occur singly 
they are cone-shaped. The disease is 
caused by a fungus, a species of Clados- 
porium. It affected the sour orange, 
lemon and bitter sweet. 
METHODS OF CONTROL. 
So far as I am aware, there is no 
other means by which this disease 
can be controlled except by apply¬ 
ing a fungicide to the trees. The 
trees should be sprayed at least three 
times, giving the first application just 
after the fruit has set and the other two 
within the next six weeks. Use either 
ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate 
or Bordeaux mixture. 
CROWN GALL. 
The disease now generally known un¬ 
der the above name is widely distributed 
throughout the United States, and it is 
responsible for the death of many peach 
trees in the peach districts of the coun¬ 
try. It annually costs the peach grow¬ 
ers in the neighborhood of $500,000, In 
Florida it is quite common and seems to 
confine its work to no one locality or 
class of soils, and it is without doubt a 
disease to be dreaded and guarded 
against. 
How long it has been at work in the 
peach orchards of the State it is difficult 
to say. Its history goes back many 
years; presumably it has been present in 
Florida amost since the beginning of the 
industry. 
The disease is characterized by the 
formation of galls of different sizes upon 
the crowns and roots of the trees. It is 
not to be confused with the galls formed 
by the Nematode, as they are character¬ 
istically different. Neither is it to be 
confused with the gummy, often rather 
hard, enlargements formed by borers at 
the crown of the tree. Usually the 
grower first notes its presence upon 
the tree just at or near the surface of the 
ground. Upon examination, galls will 
generaly be found upon the roots as well 
and frequently diseased trees may be 
found, upon which the galls are 
formed entirely beneath the ground 
The galls are excrescences composed of 
hypertrophied tissue. In the early 
stages they are small, usually somewhat 
rounded in form and attached to the root 
or stem by a somewhat constricted neck. 
They are quite’ smooth in the early 
stages, but as they become older and in¬ 
crease in size, they become rough, cor¬ 
rugated and wrinkled. They are at 
first light in color and the tissue is quite 
soft. Later they become brown, firmer 
and still later hard and brittle, which 
stage is characteristic of the dead gall 
The life of the gall is about one sea¬ 
son. It then dies, but about the old dead 
