FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
95 
dal properties and destroy the scale at 
the same time? 
Mr. Stevens : The lime-sulphur comes 
nearest to it. It is the only insecticide 
and fungicide we have combined, but we 
have not recommended the use of lime- 
sulphur. In order to control the disease, 
I do not know just how effective it would 
be, but it has caused more or less injury 
to the fruit and foliage, and for that 
reason we have not recommended its use. 
However, there are experiments being 
carried on in the State at present with 
the use of lime-sulphur for controlling 
melanose. 
Mr. Skinner: Do you think that by 
excessive pruning, and cutting off dis¬ 
eased fruit and burning it, you can proba¬ 
bly control this disease? 
Mr. Stevens: I should think that by 
systematic pruning, taking out all the 
dead wood possible, you can remove it 
to a great extent. The fungus lives in 
the dead wood, and if you remove the 
dead wood you remove the cause. 
Mr. Skinner: Would you recommend 
taking out the dead wood and spraying 
the ground with bluestone? That would 
not affect the scale like Bordeaux. Now, 
with the nail-head rust—I have perhaps 
one of the original nail-head rust groves 
in the State—by spraying the ground 
thoroughly with Bordeaux, we lessened 
the trouble. 
Mr. Stevens: I do not know just how 
long the spores will live in the soil, but 
probably spraying under the trees would 
be an advantage. 
Mr. Skinner: This lemon scab is, I 
think, the worst enemy we have, except 
the whitefly. Now, when you tell us to 
spray for that, it sounds simple, but it 
means a whole lot. 
Mr. Gillette: Cannot the Bordeaux 
Mixture and some good insecticide be 
used at the same time? 
Mr. Stevens: I do not know of any 
that you can combine with the Bordeaux 
Mixture. 
Mr. -: In spraying with a 
fungicide, isn’t it the point to use the 
fungicide on the upper side of the fo¬ 
liage, while if you are sprayng for the 
scale insects, you turn the spray to the 
under side of the leaf, where it is sup¬ 
posed to be? 
iMr. Stevens: In the use of a fungi¬ 
cide, the purpose is to cover the entire 
surface—both upper and lower surfaces 
of the leaves. The fungicide is only a 
protection, and you must thoroughly cov¬ 
er every part of the foliage. In the case 
of melanose, it attacks both the under 
and upper surfaces of the leaf. 
Mr. Sadler: I would like to ask for 
a description of the early stages of the 
disease. Is there any connection between 
the pale, white condition of the trees and 
this melanose? It seems.to me there is 
some little similarity between this and 
frenching. 
Mr. Stevens: No. Frenching and 
melanose are two distinct conditions. 
Frenching is a physiological condition. 
Melanose is due to an entirely different 
cause—a fungus. Melanose forms rough, 
brown spots or markings on leaves and 
fruit. In frenching, pale white spots are 
formed on the leaves. We have not 
been able to locate definitely the cause of 
frenching. [ 
Mr. House: I would like to ask if, 
