162 
FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
which absolutely controls the water in 
each furrow. 
In conclusion, I wish to state again, 
that I do not say this system can be used 
in all cases, but do say that thousands of 
dollars can be saved in installation of 
grove irrigating plants if a thorough 
study is made of local conditions. Most 
of you can make your own tests by run¬ 
ning a furrow in your orchard and let¬ 
ting in twenty-five to 100 gallons per 
minute, and prove for yourselves the 
plausibility of the plan. 
I also wish to make it plain that I am 
employed by the Department of Ag¬ 
riculture to investigate and suggest bet¬ 
ter methods of irrigation throughout the 
humid sections of Ithe United States, 
and that we have no one special system 
in all cases, but attempt to adapt irri¬ 
gation to conditions of soil and climate. 
We have nothing to sell in any case, and 
any companies that are putting out 
good systems of irrigation that tend to 
improve conditions, are doing a big work. 
But we do hope to save farmers a great 
deal of money by making tests that are 
impossible to an individual or company. 
I hope to get in touch with any of you 
that wish help in this matter, and will 
do all in my power, as far as I am able 
under the rules of the department in any 
ca,se. By addressing Irrigation Investi¬ 
gations, Department of Agriculture, 
you will receive a prompt answer. 
DISCUSSION. 
Mr. Hume: Are there any questions 
you would like to ask? 
Mr.-: I would like to ask 
if you run two or three furrows in the 
intervals between the trees, how far the 
water would run. 
Mr. Stanley: It depends on the depth 
of the hard pan and the soil and the 
grade. It usually runs down in about 
fifteen minutes, and then you can regu¬ 
late the water, of course, so that you can 
put on the right amount. 
Mr. -: Does that water 
spread all out through the land? 
Mr. Stanley: No, it does not; the wa¬ 
ter tends to go down very rapidly. 
Mr. Rolfs: How many furrows do 
you have? 
Mr. Stanley: About three there, be¬ 
cause the trees are too large to get more. 
Down at St. Petersburg they get about 
six. 
Mr. Gillette: Do you get as much at 
the far end of the furrow as at the up¬ 
per? 
Mr. Stanley: No, of course not. 
Professor Rolfs: How far down be¬ 
fore the water meets? 
Mr. Stanley: That depends on Ithe 
soil. In Manatee it will meet in a few 
hours, because the hard pan is not very 
deep. 
Mr. Rolfs: If your trees are twenty 
feet apart, you would recommend putting 
in five rows, and they would have to be 
at least three feet apart. Now, suppose 
you had them three feet apart, how far 
down before the water would meet? 
Mr. Stanley: The water goes down 
very rapidly, and I cannot tell you ex¬ 
actly on that point. We had intended 
carrying on experiments to determine 
this, but it has rained so that we have 
