BIOLOGY. (ll, D : E.) 
Echin. 41 
p. 370, and (63) pp. 509, 510.—Polynoid Acholo'i astericola in groove 
of Astropecten irregularis (p. 462) and mollusc Montacuta substriata on 
spines of Spatangus purpureus (p. 475); Allen (8).— Protozoa , worms, 
Mollusca , Myzostomidae, Crustacea , Vertebrata, as parasites of Ast .; 
Hamann (118) p. 738.—Resistance of Asterias to parasites; Mead 
( 174) p. 68 .—Monilopora beecheri and M. antiqua , corals, on stems of 
erect Platycr. and other Crin ., in Keokuk and Hamilton strata, like 
e. M. crassa in British Carboniferous Limestone ; Grabau (109) pp. 412, 
413, pi. i.— Capulus ( Orthonychia ) on tegmen of Actinocr. porteri ; 
Whidborne (250) p. 221. 
ix. Echinoderms as Food :—Gonads of Ast. and Hoi. are even more 
palatable than those of Strongylocentratus lividus , and should be 
eaten; Bordas (44) p. 195.— Ech. gonads canned and exported from 
California to China as food ; Kellogg (133) p. 263. 
As food for mollusca, which decalcify them by secretion of sulphuric 
acid; Semon (213) p. 509.—Natural enemies of Asterias in Narragan- 
sett Baj 7 ; Mead (174) p. 68. 
As food for fish,— Ophiocten, Ophiura , Strongylocentrotus , Solaster , 
Cribrella , Stichopus , Phyllophorus , and other echinoderms in Cod 
('Gadus callarias ) and Haddock (G. aeglefinus ); Nordgaard (181) 
pp. 15-18. 
x. Echinoderms as Rock-formers :—Cystid and Crinoid lime¬ 
stones of Ordovician, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permo-Carbo¬ 
niferous age, from China ; Loerenthey in Loczy (149) pp. 242-258. 
—Petit Granite de Soignies et des Ecaussines, formed of Crin .; 
Gosselet (106) p. 53.— Crin. columnals spathose though dolomitised, 
in a crinoid limestone; Stella (224) pp. 155-160. 
i 
(E.) MISCELLANEOUS. 
i. Research and Instruction :— 
a. Preservation :—Of ova of Echinoderms for microscopic exami¬ 
nation; Morgan (178) p. 459.—Echinoderms; Lo Bianco (148) 
pp. 27-29.—Of Hoi. for histology; Bordas (44) p. 195.—Killing 
and preservation of Synapta ; Clark (57) p. 25.—Formaline 
destroys spicules, Echinoderms to be preserved in spirits ; Thile- 
nius (228). 
b. Methods of research :—Staining Echinoderm ova during life ; 
Fischel (88).—Preparation of spicules of Hoi .; TempLre (227).— 
The development of columnals by acid in a crinoid limestone ; 
Stella (224) p. 155.—Investigation of Crin. and Ast. in Bunden- 
bach slates of Devonian age by X-rays ; Bruhl (48) p. 549. 
c. Museum Exhibits and Collections :—Exhibition of recent 
Echinoderms at British Museum; Anon (17).—List of specimens 
of fossil Ast., Crin. and Blast, figd. or descr. by R. P. Whitfield, 
with present location, exc. those in Aruer. Mus. Nat. Hist. ; 
Whitfield (253) pp. 147, 148.—List of historical specimens of 
Silurian Ast., Crin., Cyst, in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Whitfield & 
Hovey (254) pp. 88, 89.—Museum Comp. Zool. Harvard, large slab 
of Uintacr .; Woodworth (258) p. 5, pi.—List of Blastoidea in 
British Museum ; Bather (26). 
d. Instruction :—Notes and diagrams for help of students; Selenka 
( 211).—Popular account of dissection of Strongylocentrotus lividus 
and Asteracanthion rubens ; Gruvel (113).—Practical course in 
study of cell and fertilization with examples from Ech. ova and 
hybrid larvae; Haecker (116). 
