DISTRIBUTION. (ill, A : B.) 
Echin. 47 
Ech., A st., and Crin. : Bell (32).—Loyalty Is., Orcula dubia n. sp. 
and various Hoi., also Holothuria willeyi n. sp. New Guinea; 
Bedford (28). 
New Zealand, Ophioplocus huttoni n. sp.; Farquhar (84). 
Japan, Astropecten ludwigi, A. kcigoshimensis, n. spp.; Loriol 154; 
pp. 21, 25. 
v. Arctic Ocean and adjacent Seas: —Arctic Crin., list, bathy¬ 
metric distrib. etc. (see under vi); Ludwig (156).—Arctic and 
subarctic Oph., annotated list, with bathymetric and regional 
distrib., and comparison with Antarctic, 6 genera alone pass into 
Antarctic, and no spp., 5 spp. are circumpolar; Ludwig (157) p. 22. 
Spitzbergen, Pteraster hexactis and Solaster syrtensis and other Ast. ; 
Doederlein (78).—Spitzbergen and N. Norway, Oph., Ech. esp. 
Pourtalesia , and Crin., esp. Antedon eschrichti, 102 metres Spitz¬ 
bergen, and 430 m., 80° N., and A. phalangium , 650 m., 65° N.; 
Albert, Prince de Monaco (6) p. 214. 
vi. Antarctic Ocean and adjacent Seas: —Antarctic and sub- 
antarctic Crin., list, bathymetric distrib., and comparison with 
Arctic; no bipolar sp. and no circumpolar; Ludwig (156).— 
Antarctic and subantarctic Oph., annotated list, with bathymetric 
and regional distrib., and comparison with Arctic, a parallelism in 
respect of families, but no bipolar or circumpolar species; Ludwig 
(157) p. 17. 
B. GEOLOGICAL. 
(i) General. 
Great value of Echinoidea in determining age of rocks, special value in 
Egypt, synchronistic table of Egyptian strata with those of Europe; 
Fourtau (96) pp. 605-609, also corrections on p. 733. — Ech. in Tertiary of 
California “admirable horizon determiners”; Merriam (175) p. 161. 
—General geological history of Ast. ; Hamann (118) pp. 740-743. 
(ii) Cainozoic. 
a. General :—horizon not stated, “ Gebel Haridi en face Tahta,” Egypt, 
list of Ech., also a new Coptosoma found near the Pyramids ; Fourtau 
(97). — Ech. found near Ghizeh ; Fourtau (98).—California, revised 
list and distribution of Ech. with Schizaster lecontei, n. sp. from the 
Martinez beds (Lower Eocene); Merriam (175).—Japan, Astriclypeus 
integer, Linthia nipponica, Schizaster recticanalis, n. spp.; Yoshiwara 
(259). 
b. Pleistocene :—Estuarine Clay of Magheramorne, Antrim, Ireland, 
fragments of Echinus and Echinocardium ; Bell (31). 
Leda Clay (= Champlain), of Ottawa Valley, a Spatangoid indet.; 
Dawson (66). 
c. Pleiocene :—Lombardy, annotated list of Ech. with n. spp. of JBris- 
sopsis and Schizaster ; Airaghi (2).—Renault in Algeria, Ech. (pp. 52, 
53), and general lists (pp. 84, 85); Brives (47).—Egypt, Clypeaster 
aegyptiacus, Echinolampas, Echinocardium ; Fourtau (96) pp. 721-723, 
also (98). 
Lower Pleiocene , Plaisancien, “sables a Clypeastres,” Echinolampas 
sp. and Echinocardium sp. nondescr.; Fourtau (94). 
Mexico, Ech. ; Aguilera (1a) p. 230.—Oji, near Tokyo, Japan, Fibu- 
laria acuta, n. sp.; Yoshiwara (259). 
