Podocarpus spinulosus , (Smith) R. Br . 307 
Leaf. 
The leaves of P. spinulosus , as indeed is the case in the large majority 
of the species, are arranged spirally on the stem axis. It is interesting 
to note, however, that in the Nageia section of the genus the leaves have 
a decussate or subdecussate arrangement. The leaf of P. spinulosus is 
about 4-6 cm. long by 3-4 mm. broad, and ends in an acute point. 
The anatomy of the leaf of P. spinulosus is very similar to that of 
P. chilinus described by Worsdell ( 29 ), and that of P. neriifolius and 
P. falcaUts examined by Bernard ( 1 ). As in all the narrow-leaved species 
of the genus, there is a single vascular bundle; this is accompanied on its 
phloem side by a resin canal. Placed laterally to the vascular bundle is 
the transfusion tissue, which is extremely well developed. The transfusion 
tracheides show numerous reticulations on their walls when the leaf is cut 
at right angles to the midrib. 
On the side of the transfusion tissue remote from the bundle, there is 
a layer of parenchymatous cells, beyond which is the ‘ accessory transfusion 
tissue’, such as is described by Worsdell for P. chilinus . This tissue runs 
outwards almost to the margin of the leaf. This ‘ accessory transfusion 
tissue ’ of Worsdell corresponds to the ‘ hydrostereome transversal ’ of 
Bernard. The cells composing this tissue are long and lignified, and, as 
Worsdell points out, they have the appearance of stone cells rather than of 
tracheides. Their function presumably is primarily that of strengthening 
the lamina of the leaf. 
Reproductive Organs. 
With regard to the reproductive organs Podocarpus is generally 
dioecious, though very rarely monoecious. This distribution of the sexes 
is the same as that in Dacrydium and in Microcachrys , but Saxegothaea is 
monoecious. The reproductive organs in Taxus are also dioecious, and in 
Araucaria and Agathis they are generally dioecious. 
(1) Male Cone. 
The male cones are borne either singly on a very short axis which 
arises in the axil of an ordinary foliage leaf, or more often they are arranged 
in clusters of two to four which are borne on a similar abbreviated axis, 
each cone being attached by means of a short stalk. The male cone is 
from 1 cm. to 1*5 cm. long and about 2*5 mm. in diameter. At the base 
of each male cone are a few tiny bracts which are spirally arranged along 
the short stalk of the cone. The axis of the cone bears a number of 
spirally arranged sporophylls, each one of which consists of a pedicel which 
becomes flattened distally to a lamina on either side. Each sporophyll 
bears on its under surface two ovoid microsporangia. 
