316 Brooks and Stiles .— The Structure of 
hand, and relationships less marked, on the other, to the Taxeae. It 
would seem to us that the differences between Phyllocladus and the 
Taxeae are greater than Miss Robertson supposes—two of her four points 
of resemblance between them being of an unsatisfactory nature. Thus 
the markings of the centripetal wood of Phyllocladus are practically the 
same as those in the transfusion tracheides of Podocarpus , and the presence 
of a certain amount of centripetal wood in Phyllocladus is not sufficient 
evidence of phylogenetic relationship. 
There are considerable differences in the two groups between the 
structure of the male cones, and these differences become no less apparent 
when we consider the male gametophytes. The only point of resemblance 
between the female fructifications of the two groups is the generally fleshy 
consistency of the ripe seeds. Phyllocladus is certainly near the Taxeae in its 
female fructification, because its symmetrical arillus, like that of the latter 
group, only develops at a late stage. There seem to be no striking resem¬ 
blances in anatomical characters between the Podocarpeae and the Taxeae. 
Thus the points of similarity between the Podocarpeae and the Taxeae 
do not seem to us to be very striking, though, as has been supposed in the 
past, the two groups may perhaps be connected by Phyllocladus. 
With regard to the relationships of the Podocarpeae with the 
Abietineae, there appears to be no evidence of any recent phylogenetic 
connexion between the two groups. The structure of the male gameto¬ 
phytes in the two groups has already been discussed, and the anatomical 
characters both of the female reproductive structures and of the vegetative 
organs are very different in these two orders of Coniferae. 
Summary. 
1. The structure of the stem and leaf of Podocarpus spinulosus is similar 
to that of other species described respectively by Penhallow and Worsdell. 
2 . The structure of the microsporangium is similar to that of Saxe - 
gothaea and Araucaria , but the line of dehiscence is oblique. 
3 . Several prothallial cells are present in the pollen-grains of P. spinu- 
losus , as in other species of the Podocarpeae investigated. The walls of 
the prothallial cells break down at a later stage and their nuclei come to 
be free in the cytoplasm. 
4 . The generative cell of the pollen-grain sometimes divides in the 
same way as that described by Jeffrey and Chrysler as occurring in 
P. ferrugineus and P. dacrydioides. 
5 . The course of the vascular bundles in the female fructification is 
described in detail. One bundle from the peduncle passes into the mega- 
sporophyll, while a pair of bundles, one on each side of the sporophyll 
trace, unite and serve the ovule. The bundle thus formed has its xylem 
and phloem inversely orientated as compared with the megasporophyll 
