The Anatomy of Cretaceous Pine Leaves. 
BY 
MARIE C. STOPES, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.L.S. 
AND 
E. M. KERSHAW, M.Sc. 
With Plates XXVII and XXVIII. 
\BJECT of the paper. To describe and illustrate the anatomy of two 
new species of Pine leaves from the Cretaceous of Japan, and 
to consider them in relation to those described from the Cretaceous of 
America and living forms. 
Introductory remarks. The Coniferae are the only large group of 
plants of which it can be said that we have any considerable knowledge of 
the representatives in the Cretaceous period. 
The interesting monograph on American Cretaceous Coniferae by 
Hollick and Jeffrey (’ 09 ), which brings together the numerous facts obtained 
and published already by these two authors, gives to the botanical world 
a solid basis for the construction of a conception of the characters of the 
group during Cretaceous times ; but although a foundation is thus already 
laid, much remains to be done to complete our knowledge of the group, 
because the only source of anatomical information has hitherto been these 
American deposits. It seems to be worth while consequently to describe 
two new species of leaves of this affinity, which come from the Upper 
Cretaceous of another continent. 
The specimens were obtained by one of us (M. C. S.) in Japan, in those 
mineral nodules which have been discovered recently, and open out the 
possibility of obtaining data of the anatomy of a mixed flora of Cretaceous 
age (see Stopes and Fujii, TO). The Gymnosperm leaves now to be 
described are both represented by isolated leaves, lying in the granular 
matrix of the nodule among other plant petrifactions, some of which were 
Gymnosperms, others Angiosperms and Ferns. But although the species 
are thus only known from isolated leaves, the petrifaction of their anatomy 
is so excellent that their specific characters can be determined satisfactorily. 
[Annals of Botany, Vol. XXIV. No. XCIV. April, 1910.] 
