550 Chandler .— Utricularia emarginata , Benj. 
U. exoleta , Z7. stellaris , £/. coerulea , &c., particularly from the standpoint 
of the relations of the various species one to another, and the homo¬ 
logies of the various parts, but also from the standpoint of germination. 
Gluck, 1 in his comprehensive study of water and marsh plants, has classi¬ 
fied the Utricularias that have been studied to some extent, according 
to their mode of germination, into three series. 
1. Those having a number of primary leaves, for example :— U. vul¬ 
garis , U. oligosperma , U. reniformis. 
2. Those having two primary leaves, for example :— U. exoleta. 
3. Those having no primary leaves, for example :— U. bifida , U. lateri- 
folia, U. montana. 
Utricularia emarginata , a Mexican species, is one hitherto practically 
unmentioned by the various authorities on Utricularia. It is given as 
a distinct species in Index Kewensis ; 2 no mention is made of the species in 
Engler-Prantl, but being a true aquatic, it would fall under section B, in the 
classification of Utricularias, ‘ Wasserformen mit geteilten oder gefiederten 
Blattern.’ The material used in the description was grown from seeds 
obtained in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, from a specimen in 
Pringle’s Mexican collection of 1904. 
Conditions of germination. Mr. L. Stewart, foreman of the glass 
department of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, has proved, as men¬ 
tioned in a previous note, 3 that the seeds flourish best in a shallow pan, 
having a thin layer of mud at the bottom with enough water to cover the 
mud. As the plant is insectivorous and the presence of Microcrustacea is 
essential for food, experience has shown that the best method of cultivation 
is to keep the plant in partial shade in still water. The water soon becomes 
alive with Microcrustacea, and the plant thrives and grows rapidly. The 
young seedlings from which some of the drawings were made at the different 
stages were kept merely in a small jar of water, maintained at a constant 
temperature by being placed on top of a jacketed embedding oven. The 
only difficulty here is the rapid evaporation of the water, and the danger of 
chilling when adding a fresh supply. Also, the water added must not be 
clean, as in that case the supply of Microcrustacea is soon reduced, and the 
plant dies for want of nourishment. 
Seed and germination. The seeds of Utricidaria emarginata are 
minute, about 0-5 mm., round, and covered with a dark brown, net-like 
testa, extending beyond the seed itself into a wing-like expansion with ir¬ 
regular edges (PL XLIV; Fig. 1, a). This outer covering is easily detached by 
means of a fine needle, revealing the round embryo in a light brown tegmen, 
1 Gliick : Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen iiber Wasser- und Sumpfgewachse. 
Teil ii, Jena, 1906. 
2 Linn., xx, 1847. 
3 Ann. of Botany, vol. xxiii. Preliminary Note on Utricularia emarginata. 
