Chandler. — Utricularia emarginata , Benj. 551 
with a darker spot at the micropylar end, opposite to which all later develop¬ 
ment takes place. This dark spot indicates the place of attachment of the 
seed to the mother plant. When the tegmen is also removed, the naked em¬ 
bryo is seen to be not quite round in shape, but slightly flattened at the base, 
that is, at the micropylar end, where the primordium of the root would 
normally develop in other embryos. Utricularia emarginata , like U. vul¬ 
garis , is, however, rootless. In order to see the very early stages of germi¬ 
nation, while the testa is not yet burst, the seeds must be carefully examined 
by dissecting off the outer coverings. Germination was regular in all the 
material examined : in this respect Utricularia emarginata differs from 
U. exoleta described by Goebel, ] with which the present species would 
occupy a place in the second series of Gluck’s classification. 2 
The embryo, which is of a pale green colour, at first shows no differen¬ 
tiation, but very soon at the apex four primordia appear (Fig. 2, a , b). Of 
these, the two outer develop more rapidly than the two inner, thus showing 
the same order of development as in U. vulgaris , but to a more limited 
extent (Figs. 3-5, a , a). In that species, as Kamienski 3 has pointed 
out, the organs appear in the following order : the oldest primary leaves are 
at the outside, the leaves gradually becoming younger as one proceeds 
inwards ; the secondary shoot {Adventivsprosse) is formed from the youngest 
protuberance in the centre, the main stalk from the youngest but one, and 
the first bladder from the youngest but two. Though differing so much in 
the number of primary leaves, yet U. emarginata follows the same order of 
development. The outer two protuberances form the primary leaves, and 
develop most rapidly. Of the remaining two protuberances, one forms the 
main shoot (Figs. 3-5, b) and at first develops, not quite so rapidly as the 
two primary leaves, but more rapidly than the youngest outgrowth (Figs. 3- 
5, c), which forms another shoot—analogous to Kamienski’s Adventiv¬ 
sprosse. Thus we have, although to a much more limited extent, the same 
order of development as in U. vulgaris. 
From its earliest stages, the main shoot possesses circinate ptyxis 
(Figs. 4, 5, b), a feature noticeably lacking in the development of the two 
primary leaves (Figs. 3, 4, a). Though its growth is at first not so rapid as 
the two mentioned outgrowths, it soon outdistances them in length, and 
when the two primary leaves have ceased further development, the main 
shoot, having unlimited growth, still continues to increase at its rolled up 
apex (Figs. 6-9, b). By continued dichotomy of the growing point, as in 
other Utricularias, linear lateral appendages (‘ leaves ’ of authors) are given 
off (Figs. 6-9, b). The first bladder appears in a super-axillary position on 
the first formed of these appendages (Figs. 6 , 7, 9, e). The younger shoot 
(.Adventivsprosse of Kamienski) also elongates, but more slowly, and in its 
1 Ann. du Jard. Bot. de Buitenzorg, 9, 1890-1. 
2 p. 2. 
3 Botanische Zeitung, 1877. 
