Meioiic Nuclear Divisions of Galtonia candicans. 729 
proceed to the poles, the nucleolus vanishes, and leaves no apparent trace 
of its existence. At the anaphase, the well-known and universally figured 
refractive brightly staining granules appear round the daughter nuclei, and 
about the zone of the remains of the spindle. Possibly these may be the 
remnants of the extruded nucleolus. 
Strasburger ( 31 ) (1905) and Miyake ( 21 ) have shown the number of 
chromosomes in the somatic divisions to be sixteen. Of these, four are 
remarkably smaller than the remaining twelve, and in these twelve there 
is much range in size (Fig. 2). This characteristic difference is extremely 
well marked, and is always maintained throughout the generations. Unlike 
Tradescantia ( 5 ) (1905), whose roots show variable numbers in their chromo¬ 
somes, Galtonia seems to keep persistently to its sixteen. Twelve counts 
of polar views of equatorial plates have been made, and of these, ten show 
diagrammatically sixteen chromosomes (Fig. 2); of the remaining two, one 
shows a possible seventeen and the other a possible fifteen. The larger 
number is probably due to the nucleolus having come into the field, the 
smaller number to the close approximation of two chromosomes which 
were consequently reckoned as one. The ‘ micro ’ or small chromosomes in 
a cross section of a spindle are always seen to occupy a central position 
(Fig. 2), as Wilson has figured in some Hemiptera ( 34 ) (1905, 1). 
The chromosomes attach themselves to the spindle by one end and for 
a short space of time they may lie horizontally, that is to say at right 
angles to the plane of the spindle (Fig. 3). The end of the chromosome 
which is attached is often bifurcated, and the split can be seen gradually 
extending to the free end (Fig. 3). As the split opens out, the chromo¬ 
somes become drawn in on to the spindle, until they lie at full length on the 
fibres (Fig. 4). When the daughter chromosomes have nearly separated, 
each pair resembles a widely extended V, the apex being the hump-like 
portion formed by the still joined ends of the daughter chromosomes 
(Fig. 4 ). 
Anaphase. 
As the chromosomes pass to the poles, they are long and rod-like and 
slightly hooked at their equatorially directed ends. The movements of the 
two pairs of microchromosomes are always in advance of those of the others ; 
they are the first to separate, and the first to arrive at the poles (Figs. 4 and 5), 
as in the Hemiptera ( 34 ) (1905, 1). The microchromosomes are short and 
thick with rounded ends. The finest possible hair-like threads constantly 
connect the chromosomes when they are on the equatorial plate, and these 
threads can often still be seen when the chromosomes are passing to the 
poles, not only joining sister chromosomes but even chromosomes which 
apparently have no relation to one another (Fig. 5). These fine connexions 
arise from slight projections on the chromosome surface. As will subse- 
